Publica’s experts suggest that for the forthcoming adverse effects related to extended mask usage, frequent breaks, improved hydration and rest, skincare, and possibly newly built comfortable masks are recommended. 

1. CAUSES OF PROLONGED
CAUSES OF PROLONGED
CAUSES OF PROLONGED
USE OF MASKS DURING
USE OF MASKS DURING
USE OF MASKS DURING
COVID- 19 PANDEMIC
COVID- 19 PANDEMIC
COVID- 19 PANDEMIC
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica
Group: www.pubrica.com
Email: sales@pubrica.com

2. Today's Outline
Introduction
Side effects of masks for patients with Covid-19
Environmental pollution due to masks
Conclusion

3. In brief
Most of those polled had headaches, rash, acne, skin
disintegration, and poor cognition after using N95 and surgical
masks for an extended period during COVID-19.
As the second wave of COVID-19 is likely, it is critical to discover
strategies to mitigate these negative consequences in preparation
for future pandemics.
For the future treatment of undesirable effects associated with
extended mask usage, frequent breaks, enhanced hydration and
relaxation, skin care and perhaps newly designed comfortable
masks are recommended.

4. Introduction
The nose is a complex organ that serves many functions and is an
integral part of the face. The nose's primary function is to humidify
and warm the inhaled air and prevent toxic particles from entering
the lower respiratory tract.
It is the respiratory system's first line of defence. An average adult
breathes about 10,000 litres of air every day. With the advent of
COVID-19, protective equipment such as masks has become
common worldwide.
Wearing masks for long periods has a variety of physiologic and
psychological consequences, as well as the potential to reduce
work performance. When masks are worn, activity cannot be done
as long or as effectively as when they are not worn.

5. Continuous use of masks and surgical masks causes physical adverse effects such as impaired
cognition, rashes, skin breakdown, acne, difficulty breathing and headaches. It also interferes
with vision, thermal equilibrium and communication.
A cross-sectional study to write an original research article reported that prolonged use of masks
during Covid-19 has caused various side effects, including impaired skin breakdown, acne, rash
and headaches.
Mechanical conditions, hypoxemia and hypercapnia, may all cause headaches while wearing a
mask for an extended period. Hypercapnia is caused by tight-fitting masks that prevent adequate
ventilation and result in elevated carbon dioxide levels (CO 2 ).
Since CO 2 is a proven respiratory stimulant, a buildup of exhaled CO 2 between the mask and
the face can result in increased lung ventilation and respiratory function. Exhaled CO 2
accumulates between the mask and the face, causing confusion, diminished memory, and
disorientation.

6. Discomfort and hyperthermia are caused by a hot and humid atmosphere in the facial area
covered by masks.
The moist environment and pressure from tight-fitting masks often block face ducts. Also,
exhaled air is drawn towards the eyes by a face mask.
This makes you feel uneasy and makes you want to touch your eyes. You are infecting yourself if
your hands are dirty.
For people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), face masks are intolerable to
wear as they worsen their breathlessness.

7. Side effects of excessive mask usage
Inward
Protection
(Protection from
infected persons)
Outward
Protection
(Protection
others from
infection)
Reduced
potential
exposure risk
Protection of
people caring
for COVID-19
patients
Give feelings
to other in
contributing to
stopping
spread of the
virus
Reminding
people to be
compliant with
hand hygiene,
not touching
nose and
mouth

8. Side effects of masks
for patients with
Covid-19
Wearing a mask by patients with Covid-19 can cause more
significant side effects than healthy individuals.
If the viral load is pushed down into the lungs by increased
breathing, it may exacerbate the clinical condition of infected
people. Also, it may cause severe viral-related lung diseases in
future.
Also, patients with Covid-19 have low breathing levels; in this
situation, the masks reduce the oxygen level significantly. Here
are the original research manuscript writing Service basics of how
to use a mask.

9. Clean your hands before putting on your mask, before and after removing it, and after touching it
at any time.
Ensure that it covers your chin, lips, and nose.
When you remove a mask, store it in a clean plastic bag and wash it every day if it is a fabric
mask, or discard it if it is a medical mask.
No valve masks should be worn.

10. Environmental pollution due
to masks
The widespread use of face masks by Covid-19 emergency responders
demonstrates environmental disorder both on land and in the water, as
well as the fact that the global pandemic has not alleviated the problem
of increasing plastic contamination in the atmosphere.
Polymeric (polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.) products have been
established as a significant source of macroplastic and microplastic
particulate contamination in the setting.
Different packaging plastic materials, bottling plastic materials
(especially bottled water), and containers from the food processing
industries, for example, are significant sources of global microplastic
contamination in the ocean, freshwater, and marine environment as
fibres and particulate matter.

11. These polymeric materials can enter water bodies in various ways, including wind, leaching, and
flooding.
Disposable face masks, made of polymeric materials, have also been found in the environment,
first as waste in public spaces or landfills and then as a new emerging source of microplastic
fibres in freshwater and oceans.
With different environmental conditions (saline, temperature, humidity, etc.), these face masks
degrade/fragment into tiny particles, usually less than 5 mm. Although face masks are one of
the most popular plastic solid waste materials after use, banning them is currently the least
viable choice.
The explanation may be that it has a positive rather than a negative impact on the ongoing global
control mechanisms against the spread of Covid-19. Furthermore, it is not time to improve critical
thinking in original research paper writing research to provide environmentally friendly
alternatives for long-term and viable face mask waste management systems to combat plastic
pollution.

13. Conclusion
Continuous use of masks during Covid-19 has caused several
side effects, such as headaches, rash, acne, impaired cognition
and skin breakdown.
It is critical to find solutions to manage these negative
consequences as a second wave of Covid-19 is planned and in
preparation for future pandemics.
For forthcoming management Scientific Original Research Articles
on adverse effects related to extended mask usage, frequent
breaks, improved hydration and rest, skincare and possibly newly
built comfortable masks are recommended.

14. About Pubrica
Pubrica has professional experience in medical writing.
Furthermore, the team of medical professionals at Pubrica
provides unique medical writing services such as clinical
research, pharmacology, public health, regulatory writing,
clinical report forms (Crf), biostatistics, psychology, life science,
dentistry, radiology, dermatology, diabetes, gynaecology,
cardiology, biochemistry, forensics, surgery, neurology,
psychiatry, genomics, medical device, pharmaceutical,
nutraceutical, hospitals, universities.

15. References
Foo, C. C. I., Goon, A. T. J., Leow, Y. H., & Goh, C. L. (2006). Adverse skin reactions to personal protective
equipment against severe acute respiratory syndrome�a descriptive study in Singapore. Contact
Dermatitis, 55(5), 291–294. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00953.x
Johnson, A. T. (2016). Respirator masks protect health but impact performance: a review. Journal of
Biological Engineering, 10(1), 1–12. https://jbioleng.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13036-016-0025-4
Kyung, S. Y., Kim, Y., Hwang, H., Park, J.-W., & Jeong, S. H. (2020). Risks of N95 face mask use in
subjects with COPD. Respiratory Care, 65(5), 658–664. http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/65/5/658.short
Lim, E. C. H., Seet, R. C. S., Lee, K. H., Wilder Smith, E. P. V, Chuah, B. Y. S., & Ong, B. K. C. (2006).
Headaches and the N95 face mask amongst healthcare providers. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 113(3),
199–202. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00560.x

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