Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Causal Loop Diagrams - Gambling Addiction
Similar to Causal Loop Diagrams - Gambling Addiction (20)
More from John Wren
More from John Wren (15)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Causal Loop Diagrams - Gambling Addiction
- 1. Continuum of gambling behaviour and harm, from no gambling / no harm to severe behaviour / severe harm Low / Mild PGSI Score 1-2 (Out of 27) Moderate PGSI Score 3-7 (Out of 27) Severe (Problem) PGSI Score 8+ (out of 27) Meta-analysis 2012, 2014, 2016 HPA HLS Survey 65.3% of Population PGSI Score 0 (95% CI: 63.7-66.8.0) Meta-analysis 2012, 2014, 2016 HPA HLS Survey 3.1 % of Population (95% CI: 2.6-3.5) Approx. 167,888 people over 15 yrs Meta-analysis 2012, 2014, 2016 HPA HLS Survey 1.30 % of Population (95% CI: 0.9-1.7) Approx. 60,440 people over 15 yrs Meta-analysis 2012, 2014, 2016 HPA HLS Survey 0.5 % of Population (95% CI: 0.1-1.3) Approx. 23,500 people over 15 yrs Continuum of intervention from public health and primary care to the intensive tertiary level Health Promotion (Spectrum of Activity: Primary prevention – Awareness raising, Early intervention, Relapse prevention/maintenance) Harm Reduction (Spectrum of Activity: Secondary Prevention – Brief and Early intervention / treatment) Intensive Treatment (Spectrum of Activity: Tertiary Prevention – Intensive / Clinical treatment) None Non-Problem Gambler PGSI Score 0 (Out of 27) Examples Therapy Groups (e.g. CBT) Examples Social Marketing, Education, Support and Activity Groups, Sorted Whānau – Financial Capability, Screening tools Examples Individual CBT and Intensive Counselling / Clinical Non-Gambler 29.9.0% of Population (95% CI: 28.3-31.4) Gambling behaviour and harm: the continuum of prevention and harm reduction
- 3. B+ Individual Propensity towards Gambling Activity & Ease of Access Participation in Gambling Activity Experience of Harm or benefit to individual, family/whanau / significant others (PGSI Score) Enjoyment benefit Perceived probability of Financial benefit Type of gambling activity Gambler’s Propensity to Seek Support / Treatment Support / Treatment Provided Gambling addiction behaviour, harm and treatment loops Treatment Loop Advertising / New Product enticement Access to attractive services Probability of harm Dynamic Causal Loop of Addictive Gambling Behaviour Presence of other Addiction co-morbidity / Mood & Anxiety Disorder R+
- 4. R+ B+ Individual Propensity towards Gambling Activity & Ease of Access Participation in Gambling Activity Experience of Harm or benefit to individual, family/whanau / significant others (PGSI Score) Enjoyment benefitPerceived probability of Financial benefit Type of gambling activity Gambler’s Propensity to Seek Support / Treatment Support / Treatment Provided Treatment Loop Advertising and New Product enticement Access to attractive services Probability of harm Breaking the Addictive Gambling Behaviour Causal Loop: Examples of Intervention Financial Capability (Sorted Whānau) HP Advertising / Regulation Regulation Education about alternatives / addictions HP Education / Advertising Evidence based customer focussed service design Awareness raising of services Upskilling of workforce Promotion of service standards Early & Clinical Orientated Interventions Presence of other Addiction co-morbidity / Mood & Anxiety Disorder Screening Gambling addiction behaviour, harm and treatment loops
- 5. 5 Evidence-based Clinical Orientated Interventions for Gambling Behaviour PGSI 1-2 PGSI 3-7 PGSI 8+ Primary prevention Early intervention Screening PGSI Primary care Counselling solution focused Secondary prevention Counselling gambling Brief and early intervention Treatment Therapy groups Living well groups – reducing anxiety and stress Screening PGSI Specialist counselling gambling + co-existing / mental health / violence issues Intensive counselling gambling CBT, DBT etc. Education Skill development Strategies to reduce gambling behaviour Specialist groups – CBT etc. Screening PGSI
- 6. Effective Screening and Treatment Referral Maori Gambling Service Intervention Pathways: Effective Screening and Referral to Treatment Increased gambler’s or whānau member’s likeliness General Primary Care Public Health / Health Promotion Activity Social Services Maori Health Provider Gambling venue: Host Responsibility Creating a safe environment to seek treatment / support Maori / Pacific Group Therapy Mainstream Group Therapy Living Well Groups Maori/Pacific Specialist Counselling Mainstream Specialist Counselling Legend: Lines of influence and treatment referral pathways Typical Possible Safe and effective treatment / support Aware and supportive Iwi / Marae Community to access support / treatment
- 7. Example Gambling Systems Model Source: Campbell Moore, Senior Account Lead, HPA, May 2018
Editor's Notes
- SLOW
- SLOW
- SLOW
- This system diagram is a starting point for discussion. It proposes four pillars which contribute a safer system. It would be important to workshop/agree on the central goal. The four pillars are all interdependent. For example, if the games/modes are safer, that means venues are safer, gamblers are safer, and there is potentially less need for help and support. The advantage of looking at a system approach is to ensure different agencies/ministries/organisations focus on the relationships within the system, not just the part they are accountable for. The words in black around the circumference are essentially different levers that can be pulled to influence the pillars (and therefore the outcome of the system at the centre). In the aviation industry, an injury or death is seen as a “system failure”. For example, if a fatal incident occurs on the runway, you don’t blame the ground crew. Instead, it’s often more productive to investigate the surrounding elements to ensure there is greater “tolerance” for error (so that nobody will get hurt next time, even if someone makes a mistake). The same analogy is true in the context of gambling harm. If a person is substantially affected by gambling harm, we could define that as a system failure. How could we change the venue or gambling mode to prevent this occurring in the first place? The principles underlying a gambling safe system approach could be something like: Everyone who gambles regularly is vulnerable to gambling harm A random distribution of rewards is likely to lead to distortions in thinking, where people spend more time / money than is good for them We all need to share the responsibility for preventing gambling harm We need to strengthen all parts of the system.