This presentation on research about HIV self-testing in Australia was given by A/Prof Rebecca Guy, The Kirby Institute, at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
This presentation on research about HIV self-testing in Australia was given by A/Prof Rebecca Guy, The Kirby Institute, at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
Representatives from the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH) presented an update on their strategic plan for sexual health at the February 2015 meeting of the Philadelphia Ryan White Part A Planning Council.
These slides were presented by Dr. Henry Nagai during JSI’s Index Testing & Partner Notification for HIV Epidemic Control webinar on April 11th, 2019. Dr. Nagai is currently the Project Director/Chief of Party for the JSI-implemented USAID Strengthening the Care Continuum project in Ghana with a focus on HIV and key populations. Using funding from USAID and PEPFAR, the Project is improving the capacity of the Government of Ghana and civil society partners to provide quality and comprehensive HIV services for key populations and people living with HIV.
Evaluation of the Impact of a Social Support Strategy on Treatment OutcomesMEASURE Evaluation
Shared at a data dissemination and data use workshop on the results of the impact evaluation of the Strengthening Tuberculosis Control in Ukraine project. Access another presentation at https://www.slideshare.net/measureevaluation/evaluation-of-the-tbhiv-integration-strategy-on-treatment-outcomes.
Evaluation of the TB-HIV Integration Strategy on Treatment OutcomesMEASURE Evaluation
Shared at a data dissemination and data use workshop on the results of the impact evaluation of the Strengthening Tuberculosis Control in Ukraine project. Access another presentation at https://www.slideshare.net/measureevaluation/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-a-social-support-strategy-on-treatment-outcomes/.
HIV Index Testing: The USAID DISCOVER-Health Project Experience in Zambia JSI
This was presented by Kalasa Mwansa during the Index Testing & Partner Notification for HIV Epidemic Control webinar on April 11th, 2019. The USAID DISCOVER- Health Project Experience aims to increase the use of high quality, integrated health services in specific target groups, and to provide integrated health products and services in a sustainable manner. In addition, it aims to contribute to HIV epidemic control and provides HIV index testing at every ART site.
Philadelphia Department of Public Health HIV Prevention ActivitiesOffice of HIV Planning
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Fast-track the end of AIDS in the EU - practical evidence-based interventions.
Presentation by: Karen Champenois, Maison Blanche Hospital, Paris
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Representatives from the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH) presented an update on their strategic plan for sexual health at the February 2015 meeting of the Philadelphia Ryan White Part A Planning Council.
These slides were presented by Dr. Henry Nagai during JSI’s Index Testing & Partner Notification for HIV Epidemic Control webinar on April 11th, 2019. Dr. Nagai is currently the Project Director/Chief of Party for the JSI-implemented USAID Strengthening the Care Continuum project in Ghana with a focus on HIV and key populations. Using funding from USAID and PEPFAR, the Project is improving the capacity of the Government of Ghana and civil society partners to provide quality and comprehensive HIV services for key populations and people living with HIV.
Evaluation of the Impact of a Social Support Strategy on Treatment OutcomesMEASURE Evaluation
Shared at a data dissemination and data use workshop on the results of the impact evaluation of the Strengthening Tuberculosis Control in Ukraine project. Access another presentation at https://www.slideshare.net/measureevaluation/evaluation-of-the-tbhiv-integration-strategy-on-treatment-outcomes.
Evaluation of the TB-HIV Integration Strategy on Treatment OutcomesMEASURE Evaluation
Shared at a data dissemination and data use workshop on the results of the impact evaluation of the Strengthening Tuberculosis Control in Ukraine project. Access another presentation at https://www.slideshare.net/measureevaluation/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-a-social-support-strategy-on-treatment-outcomes/.
HIV Index Testing: The USAID DISCOVER-Health Project Experience in Zambia JSI
This was presented by Kalasa Mwansa during the Index Testing & Partner Notification for HIV Epidemic Control webinar on April 11th, 2019. The USAID DISCOVER- Health Project Experience aims to increase the use of high quality, integrated health services in specific target groups, and to provide integrated health products and services in a sustainable manner. In addition, it aims to contribute to HIV epidemic control and provides HIV index testing at every ART site.
Philadelphia Department of Public Health HIV Prevention ActivitiesOffice of HIV Planning
Coleman Terrell of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health presented on the PDPH's HIV Prevention Activities at the Philadelphia HIV Prevention Planning Group's December 2014 meeting.
Fast-track the end of AIDS in the EU - practical evidence-based interventions.
Presentation by: Karen Champenois, Maison Blanche Hospital, Paris
In a two-day meeting under the auspices of the Maltese Presidency of the Council of the European Union (30-31 January 2017), HIV experts from across the European Union discussed how to reverse this trend and how to prepare Europe to achieve the set target of ending AIDS by 2030.
Join us as we discuss best practices for integrating HIV prevention (e.g. HIV testing, PrEP and linkage to care) into primary care within the context of enhancing clinical workforce development.
Panelists:
• Marwan Haddad, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, Medical Director, Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Jeannie McIntosh, APRN, FNP-C, AAHIVS, Family Nurse Practitioner, Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc.
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Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 825 KB
Date posted: 9/29/2014
Expert panelists:
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Dr. More Mungati, STAR-L Director, EGPAF Lesotho
Facilitator:
Dr. Seema Ntjabane, Care & Treatment Specialist, USAID-Lesotho
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Fast-track the end of AIDS in the EU - practical evidence-based interventions.
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In a two-day meeting under the auspices of the Maltese Presidency of the Council of the European Union (30-31 January 2017), HIV experts from across the European Union discussed how to reverse this trend and how to prepare Europe to achieve the set target of ending AIDS by 2030.
This lecture describes the approach to screening, diagnosis and management of HIV and TB infection among pregnant patients. Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV infection mainly based on the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society Clinical Practice Recommendations.
Similar to HIVST and PrEP community consultation (20)
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
HIVST and PrEP community consultation
1. WHO consultation on HIV self-
testing and PrEP
Dr Rachel Baggaley and Dr Busisiwe Msimanga-Radebe, WHO
http://www.who.int/hiv/en/
www.hivst.org
10 August 2017
WHO Meeting –
Pretoria, South Africa
2. HIV testing and care continuum (2016)
UNAIDS/WHO estimates
The testing gap
>30 % people unaware they are living
with HIV
Inequity
continues - men,
adolescents and
key populations
3. Reactive results need confirmation by trained
tester using a validated national algorithm
What is HIV Self-Testing?
Collects Performs Interprets
4. WHO HIVST Strategy
• self-testers with a reactive
(positive) result need further
testing from a trained provider
• self-testers with a non-reactive
(negative) test result should
retest if they have been exposed
to HIV in the preceding six
weeks, or are at high ongoing
HIV risk.
• HIVST is not recommended for
people taking anti-retroviral
drugs, as this may cause a
false non-reactive result.
*Any person uncertain about how their self-test result, should be
encouraged to access facility- or community-based HIV testing
5. Directly assisted HIV self-testing
Trained peer or health worker could
provide a brief demonstration on how to
use the kit and how to interpret results
• Provide face-to-face assistance during
self-testing (optional)
• Instruction-for-use &/or included in
the kit:
‒ Pictorial/written
‒ Including a hotline number or a link
to a video
‒ Multimedia instructions (tablet)
‒ Remote support via SMS, QR code
or mobile messaging applicationsUnassisted HIV self-testing
Instruction-for-use included in the kit:
• Pictorial/written
• Including a hotline number or a link to a video
• Multimedia instructions (tablet)
• Remote support via SMS, QR code or mobile messaging applications
• Package inserts included in the kit
6. WHO Guidelines on HIVST-
December 2016
5 RCTs (2012-2016) directly comparing
HIVST to HIV testing by a provider as
of July 2016
25 studies on HIV RDT for self-testing
performance as of April 2016
• 125 studies on acceptability/feasibility
(including user values preferences) as
of July 2016
• 4 studies on cost/cost-effectiveness as
of July 2016
8. Advantages of HIVST
• Empowering
• Highly acceptable – to a range of
populations – inc men, partners,
adolescents and young people, key
populations
• Feasible and accurate
• Increases uptake and access to testing
• Increased frequency of testing
• Good linkage to care can be achieved
• No identifiable increased risk of social
harm & adverse events
9. New WHO recommendation
HIV self-testing should
be offered as an
additional approach to
HIV testing services
(strong recommendation,
moderate quality
evidence)
10. Where we are now
• Availability
• Experience
• Policy
• Future plans
11. HIV self testing is available
“informally” everywhere and formally in some countries
12. HIVST products
(ERP-D & WHO PQ)
Oral fluid HIVST pre-qualified July 2017
Blood-based HIVST in the pipeline
13. As of June 2017, 40 countries have a supportive policy for HIVST, and 48 countries are
planning to introduce HIVST as part of their national strategic plans
14. Key messages for users and implementers
Community awareness of the benefits and cautions about HIVST
• Use of approved HIVST kits
• with appropriate, validated, clear and concise instructions for use –
demonstrations and support tools may be particularly useful for rural populations
and those with low levels of education and literacy
• Clearly state positive results need further testing, provide
information on what to do after positive result
• Clearly state that HIVST should never be used when people are
taking ARVs (problem of false negative results)
• Make sure pre-test information and post-test counselling
accessible and available – inc linkage to community groups and clinical
services
• Some people will find HIVST difficult (esp initially) - Clear information
about what to do if someone can’t do a HIVST or get a invalid result
15. Key messages for users and implementers
Community awareness of the benefits and cautions about HIVST
• Integrate HIVST into comprehensive sexual health service
programmes and provide messages and information on tuberculosis,
STIs, viral hepatitis
• Realize demand creation role of HIVST for PrEP, ART and other
services
• HIVST (as for all testing) must be voluntary, coercion never
warranted
• Monitoring of any abuses of HIVST or adverse outcomes
essential
16. Next steps
Increasing community awareness
How to do this
• Events
• Media
• Literature, leaflets…… other
Which methods most appropriate in SA
Which groups need special focus
• Further information
• http://www.who.int/hiv/en/
• www.hivst.org
17. WHO recommendation for PrEP
Oral PrEP (containing TDF) should be offered as an additional prevention choice for
people at substantial risk of HIV infection as part of combination prevention
approaches
• Enabling recommendation
• Not population specific
– For people at substantial HIV risk (provisionally defined as HIV incidence > 3 per 100 person–years in
the absence of PrEP)
• Offer as an additional prevention choice
• Provide PrEP within combination prevention
– Condoms and lube
– Harm reduction
– HIV testing and links to ART
• Provide PrEP with comprehensive support
– Adherence counselling
– Legal and social support
– Mental health and emotional support
– Contraception and reproductive health services
18. 18
Why more focus on prevention options needed Global
HIV transmission persists
Treatment scale-up has ‘masked stagnation in the estimated annual number of new HIV infections’
.
Beyond the 90-90-90: refocusing HIV prevention as part of the global HIV response
Baggaley R, Dalal S, Johnson C, Macdonald V, Mameletzis I, Rodolph M, Figueroa C, Samuelson J, Verster A, Doherty M, Hirnschall G.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2016 Dec
Prevention Gap Report (UNAIDS), 2016: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2016-prevention-gap-
report_en.pdf
19. Behavioral
Interventions
WHO rec 2012
Partner/Couples testing
WHO rec 2011
?testing
Coates T, Lancet
2000
Sweat M, Lancet
2011
WHO rec 1995
Male and female
Condoms &
lubricants
STI Treatment
Grosskurth H, Lancet 2000
WHO rec 2007
VMMC (Male
circumcision)
Auvert B, PloS Med 2005
Gray R, Lancet 2007
Bailey R, Lancet 2007
WHO rec 2012
"Treatment as
prevention"
U=U
Cohen M, NEJM, 2011
Donnell D, Lancet 2010
Tanser, Science 2013
Grant R, NEJM 2010 (MSM)
Choopanya K, Lancet 2013 (IDU)
WHO rec 2012,14, 15
Oral PrEP
WHO rec 2007,14
Post Exposure
prophylaxis (PEP)
Scheckter M, 2002
HIV
PREVENTION
?Mobile
Technologies
WHO rec 2004
NSP for PWIDs
WHO rec 2000, 09
OST for PWIDs
Kaplan, JAIDS, 1994
Allen S BMJ, 1992
HIV prevention
20. HIV testing
New
positives
Negatives 'high risk'
'Not interested'
Negatives
'low risk'
Negative
Negatives 'high risk'
interested in PrEP
PrEP
Engagement with services
Condoms and lube, STI, HBV, HCV screening, re-testing , partner
testing, vaccination, family planning, GBV issues
tackle HIV stigma, educate about TasP
PrEP services
Re-engage
positives
Who dropped out of care
A catalyst for much broader benefits beyond PrEP
New ART
initiation
21. PrEP not for all; not for ever
Total
population
of people
at
substantial
risk
Seeks
services
'meets
criteria
' for
offer
of PrEP
Accept
PrEP
Eligible
for PrEP
Starts
PrEP
Continue
on PrEP
Re-starts
PrEP
“Not using PrEP”: other HIV prevention option needed
“Not using PrEP”: other HIV prevention option needed
22. WHO PrEP guidance
Preventing HIV during
pregnancy and breastfeeding in
the context of PrEP
Technical brief
http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/toolkits/pr
ep-preventing-hiv-during-pregnancy/en/
Who Implementation Tool for
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis of HIV
Infection
Résumé des modules en Française
23. WHO PrEP Implementation Tool
• Modular
• Different
audiences
• Different setting
• Different pops
• Suggestions not
recommendations
• Much uncertainly
• Learn as
implement
• Frequent updating
anticipated
24. Concerns about PrEP
Cost
Equity
Safety
Drug resistance
Behavioral
disinhibition
Pregnancy and
hormonal
contraception
Evidence to support PrEP use….
Can be cost-effective (esp. if generic drugs used) and "PrEP
candidate" appropriate.
People at substantial HIV risk are often medically underserved and
have few other effective HIV prevention options.
No differences in any adverse events or grade 3 or 4 adverse
events when comparing PrEP to placebo, but will need to monitor
creatinine before and during PrEP use.
Low levels <1 case in 1000 PY PrEP use. PrEP is expected to reduce
HIV incidence, including primary and secondary drug resistance,
thereby decreasing drug resistance overall.
No evidence of changes in condom use or number of sexual
partners as a result of PrEP use.
No drug-drug interactions with hormonal contraception.
No increased adverse pregnancy-related events.
Key issues as we move from recommendation →
implementation
25. • PrEP works, when taken (adherence is a critical predictor)
• Demand is growing, although uptake varies according to setting
• PrEP brings people at high HIV risk into services with benefits beyond
PrEP
– HIV testing uptake
– Opportunity to screen for STIs, FP, vaccinate for HepB
• Not all people want PrEP and not all the time. Other prevention must
be available
• To support effective and equitable PrEP use, services need to address
structural factors and behavioural issues
• PrEP is not just a biomedical intervention, but also a bio-behavioural
one
It is important to adopt a public health, human rights and people-centred
approach when offering PrEP to those at substantial risk of HIV.
Key messages for PrEP users and implementers
Community awareness of the benefits and cautions about PrEP
26. Put the power in the people,
put the pill in theirs palms
Sheena McCormack, July 24, 2017
26
Editor's Notes
HIV self-testing a process in which a person collects his or her own specimen (oral fluid or blood) and then performs a test and interprets the result, often in a private setting, either alone or with someone he or she trusts. HIV self-testing does not provide a definitive diagnosis. All reactive test results need further testing by health provider according to a national validated algorithm.
Evidence Map
As of 25 October – 185 studies catalogued and counting….updated routinely.
but some concern about potential lack of counselling and support, accuracy of test results, and related costs
Individuals surveyed about HIVST had concerns about possible harm, but most had not self-tested, and concerns were not founded in evidence –despite concern most still found HIVST acceptable
1. We know that the treat-all approach is where we should be going: ART access will prevent mortality, morbidity and HIV transmission
2. Continuing expansion of treatment is critical for all countries
3. But, treatment scale-up has ‘masked stagnation in the estimated annual number of new HIV infections’
What needs to be done to make PrEP as successful as possible?
Ref: 2014 UNAIDS GAP Report. Also note that harm reduction approaches for PWID impact parenteral risk, not sexual risk.