The document provides information from a cattle situation report for January to December 2019 in the Philippines. It summarizes that total cattle production was 260.62 thousand metric tons, a 1% decrease from 2018. The highest-producing region was Northern Mindanao at 38.03 thousand metric tons. As of July 2020, the total cattle inventory was estimated at 2.60 million heads, a 1.4% increase from the previous year. The document also provides farmgate and retail beef prices for 2019 and terminology definitions related to beef cattle and buffalo production.

1. CATTLE
SITUATION
REPORT
January-December
2019

2. VOLUME OF
PRODUCTION
• National
• The total volume of cattle
production in 2019 was
estimated at 260.62 thousand
metric tons, liveweight. This
was -1.0 percent lower than
the 263.31 thousand metric
tons, liveweight output in 2018.

3. VOLUME OF
PRODUCTION
• Regional
• Among the regions, Northern
Mindanao was the highest producer
of cattle with 38.03 thousand metric
tons, liveweight. This was followed
by Ilocos Region and CALABARZON
with corresponding productions of
28.24 thousand metric tons,
liveweight and 27.31 thousand
metric tons, liveweight. These three
regions contributed 35.9 percent to
the country’s total cattle production.

4. PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
OF CATTLE INVENTORY
BY AGE GROUP
• As of 01 July 2020, the total cattle
inventory in the country was
estimated at 2.60 million heads, 1.4
percent higher than previous year
same period count of 2.56 million
heads. Among all ages, cow
accounted for 42.9 percent of the
total cattle population, heifer
shared 18.9 percent, yearling
contributed 15.5 percent, while the
remaining 22.6 percent were
combined population of bull and
cattles of other ages.

5. PRICES
• Farm gate price
• In 2019, the annual average
farmgate price of cattle for
slaughter was PhP 112.62 per
kilogram, liveweight. This was
4.7 percent higher than the PhP
107.56 per kilogram, liveweight
farmgate price in 2018.
• The highest farmgate price was
recorded in December at PhP
118.67 per kilogram, liveweight,
while the lowest was in January
at PhP 107.75 per kilogram,
liveweight.

6. PRICES
• Retail Price
• The annual average retail price
of beef, lean meat in 2019 was
PhP 306.55 per kilogram. This
was 6.2 percent higher
compared with the PhP 288.69
per kilogram annual average
retail price in 2018.
• The highest retail price was
recorded in November at PhP
311.66 per kilogram and the
lowest was in January at PhP
300.22 per kilogram.

7. VALUE OF
PRODUCTION
• At current prices, the gross value
of cattle production in 2019 was
estimated at PhP 29.69 billion or
3.6 percent higher than the PhP
28.65 billion gross receipt in 2018.
• At constant prices, the gross value
of production contracted to PhP
28.35 billion or by -1.0 percent in
2019, relative to the PhP 28.65
billion level in 2018.

8. SUPPLY AND
DISPOSITION
• In 2019, the total supply of live cattle
was 3,435.74 thousand heads. It
inched up by 0.1 percent from the
3,434.05 thousand heads recorded in
2018. This was a result of the increase
in cattles born live by 1.7 percent.
• Total disposition during the year was
893.78 thousand heads. It was -0.5
percent lower than the level in the
previous year of 898.64 thousand
heads. From this total, cattles
slaughtered declined by -0.4 percent
while deaths, and losses went down
by -8.4 percent.

9. IMPORTS
• In 2019, the total volume of imported beef was recorded at 101.65 thousand metric tons or an
increase of 3.0 percent from the 98.73 thousand metric tons recorded in the previous year.
Importation of beef was highest during the first quarter of the year which increased substantially by
27.7 percent or by 5.75 thousand metric tons from the 2018 record.

10. TERMINOLOGIES
IN BEEF CATTLE
AND BUFFALO
PRODUCTION

11. TERMINOLOGIES
• Abortion - premature birth
• Ad libitum - feeding at pleasure, unlimited or liberal
• Afterbirth - the placenta and other membrane expelled after delivery of the fetus or young
• Barrel - the trunk or middle part of the animal body between the fore and the hind legs
• Bloat (Ruminal tymphany) - a disorder of ruminants usually characterized by an
accumulation of gas in the rumen
• Boner - an animal yielding low quality meat
• Bull - entire adult male ox

12. TERMINOLOGIES
• Bullock - usually a stag used for draft purposes
• Calf - young ox, male or female, under one year of age
• Calving - act of giving birth in cattle
• Cara - term connected to the sex, class and meat of carabao as introduced by the late Dr.
Valente Villegas which was approved for adoption by the Philippine Society of Animal Science
• Carabao - Philippine water buffalo or swamp buffalo
• Carabeef - the meat of carabao above 2 years of age
• Carabull - breeding male of any age
• Caracalf - young male or female under one year of age
• Caracow - a mature female carabao that has given birth already
• Caraheifer - a female carabao below 2 years of age which usually ready for market

13. TERMINOLOGIES
• Casein - the protein precipitated from milk by acid and/or rennin
• Cast down - throwing down of animal for proper restrain
• Castration - a surgical operation during which the sex organs (testes) are removed
• Cattle - general terms for any class of animals of bovine family, genus Bos of either sex
• Cauterize - to burn with a hot iron
• Chevron - two diagonal stripes on the brisket of the carabao
• Colostrum - the milk secreted in the first day of lactation
• Conception – pregnancy
• Cow - adult female ox the one that has given birth already
• Culling - the process of eliminating the unproductive animals from the herd

14. TERMINOLOGIES
• Dam - female parent
• Dairy beef - steers of dairy breeds grown and finished the same way as beef steers.
• Docile - easily handed or managed, obedient
• Draft animal - animal used for work
• Drench - to give liquid or medicine to animals by pouring down the throat through
the mouth
• Emasculator - an instrument used in castration
• Flaying - deskinning or removal of the hide
• Free-martin - the female twin in mixed sexed twins. The male is usually normal but 9/10
of the females are sterile

15. TERMINOLOGIES
• Heifer - sexually mature female cattle but has not yet calved
• Heifer calf - young female ox under one year of age
• Herd - a group of animals kept feeding and traveling together
• Hindquarters - the back or posterior region of the animal, including the parts supported by the hind legs
• Hoof - the entire part of the foot of the animal covered by the horny covering
• I.M. - intramuscular injection
• I.V. - intravenous injection
• Lactation - the period during which the dam produce milk from the time of period delivery of her
young until normal milk production ceases
• Let-down - the voluntary release of milk from the udders of the lactating female, also referred as
milk ejection

16. TERMINOLOGIES
• Optimum Stocking rate - the carrying capacity of a pasture
• Oxytocin - the hormone responsible for the release of milk
• Pasture - land with herbage or forage crops for grazing animals
• Pasteurized - milk heated at 63 degree Celsius for 30 minutes or 72 degree Celsius for 15 seconds to
destroy milk any harmful organism, while causing few changes in the composition, flavor and nutritive
value
• Pendulous - hanging and freely swinging
• Post-partum - mating after calving or when uterus and other parts of the reproductive breeding system
have returned to normal
• Progeny - offspring
• Proven Sire - bull about whom there is a sufficient unselected information to indicate his transmitting
ability

17. TERMINOLOGIES
• Purebred - bred from pure blood and are qualified for registration
• Ration - feed allowed for a given animal for a day of 24 hours whether it is fed
• Rectal Palpation- a method of pregnancy diagnosis
• Roughage - any feed high in crude fiber and low in digestible nutrients, on an air-dry basis
• Ruminant - one of the order of animals having a stomach with four complete chambers through
which food passes in digestion. These animals chew their cud
• Rumen - the first compartment of the ruminant stomach
• Silage - the feed resulting from the storage and fermentation of green or wet crops under
anaerobic conditions or conditions without oxygen
• Silent heat - undesirable characteristics of some animals of not manifesting heat openly

18. TERMINOLOGIES
• Sire - male parent
• Skim milk - that portion of milk which remain after the removal of the cream in whole
or in part
• Soilage - fresh forage cut to feed animals tethered or kept in sheds
• Stag - old bull or bull castrated late in life
• Steer - castrated male before the secondary sex characteristics have developed
• Stock density - the number of animal per unit area in a field at a given time.
• Stocking Rate - the over-all number of animals carried per unit of pasture
• Tether - to tie an animal with a rope or chain to allow grazing but prevent straying
• Veal - meat from veal calves

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