Management in Animal Production

2. MANAGEM
ENT IN
ANIMAL
PRODUCTI
ON
Genetic
improvement
 Breed
identification
 Selection
 Mating system
 Recording
Reproduction
 Heat detection &
service
 Reproductive
efficiency
 Techniques
 Hatching and
brooding
Nutrition and Feeding
 Feed production
 Procurement and
processing
 Feeding systems
and regimen
Health and Hygiene
 Sanitation
 Prevention
 Diagnosis
 medication

3. MANAGEM
ENT IN
ANIMAL
PRODUCTI
ON
Economics and
Marketing
 Inputs and
outputs
 Efficiency
 Productivity
 Market channels
Personnel
Management
 Rational
optimization of
farm
 Experience and
Trainings
 Performance &
output oriented
 Human resource
oriented
Harvesting
 Milking
 Slaughtering
 Egg collection
 Handling &
storage
techniques
Environmental
Control
 Housing
 Landscaping
 Waste
management
 Calamity
measures

4.  Intensive management- environmental conditions are
highly controlled (i.e. integrated poultry enterprise,
confinement swine operation, large dairies)
 Extensive management- less producer control over the
environmental conditions in which animals are
expected to produce.
Management can then made to determine
whether changing the environment or changing the
adaptability of animals in the most economical feasible
alternative or can produce optimal results of production.
Animals and their Economic Utility Although animals
are relatively inefficient in the production of food, they
are important components of the food production
systems. Animal have the following attributes that
enhance the ability of an agricultural system to produce
food for man. (a) Animal can feed on and convert plants
and other material which could have otherwise gone to
waste, into rich human food, and (b) Animal products
have chemical composition that closely resemble man's
dietary requirement and therefore more digestible and
nutritious.

5. Species Scientific name Uses
Horse Equus caballus Transport and amusement
Cattle
Humpless cattle Bos taurus Transport, meat, milk, hide,
fertilizer, fuel
Zebu cattle Bos indicus
Buffalo Bubalus bubalis Transport, meat, milk, hide,
fertilizer, fuel
Sheep Ovis aries Meat, milk and wool
Goat Capra hircus Meat and milk

6. Species Scientific name Uses
Pig Sus scrofa Meat
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Meat and skin
Chicken Gallus gallus Meat, eggs and amusement
Ducks
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Egg
Muscovy Cairina moschata Meat
Goose Anser anser

7. Species Scientific name Uses
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo
Pigeon Columba livia
Quail Coturnix coturnix
Japanese quail Coturnix japonica
Guinea fowl Numida meleagris
Ostrich Struthio camelus
Swan Cygnus olor
Pea fowl Pavo cristatus
Pheasant Phasianus colchicus

8. Cattle
Group of
animal
Herd Meat Beef Volume ejaculate
(cc)
5-7
Adult male Bull Parturition Calving Sperm/cc 1.2 billion
Adult female Cow Age at puberty of
female (months)
8-10 Normal
Temperature (0C)
37-41
Young male Calf Estrous cycle (days) 21 Normal
Respiration
rate/min
18-28
Young female Heifer Estrus length 12-18 hours Normal Heart
rate/min
60-70
Newborn
regardless of
sex
Calf Gestation 283 Expected
productive life (y)
10
Castrated male Steer
Bullock
Age at puberty of
male (months)
10-12

9. Buffalo
Group of
animal
Herd Meat Carabeef Volume ejaculate
(cc)
Adult male Carabull Parturition Calving Sperm/cc
Adult female Caracow Age at puberty of
female (months)
24-36 Normal
Temperature (0C)
38-39
Young male Caracalf Estrous cycle (days) 21 Normal
Respiration
rate/min
24-29
Young female Caraheifer Estrus length 18-24 hours Normal Heart
rate/min
56-60
Newborn
regardless of
sex
Caracalf Gestation 324 Expected
productive life (y)
20
Castrated male Carasteer
Bullock
Age at puberty of
male (months)

10. Sheep
Group of
animal
Flock Meat Mutton Volume ejaculate
(cc)
0.75-1.5
Adult male Ram Parturition Lambing Sperm/cc 2.0 billion
Adult female Ewe Age at puberty of
female (months)
5-7 Normal
Temperature (0C)
38-40
Young male Ram lamb Estrous cycle (days) 16 Normal
Respiration
rate/min
12-24
Young female Ewe lamb Estrus length 24-36 hours Normal Heart
rate/min
70-80
Newborn
regardless of
sex
Kid Gestation 148 Expected
productive life (y)
6-8
Castrated male Wether Age at puberty of
male (months)
4-6

11. Goat
Group of
animal
Flock
Band
Meat Chevon Volume ejaculate
(cc)
1
Adult male Buck Parturition Kidding Sperm/cc 2.0 billion
Adult female Doe Age at puberty of
female (months)
7-10 Normal
Temperature (0C)
38-40
Young male Buckling Estrous cycle (days) 20 Normal
Respiration
rate/min
12-20
Young female Doeling Estrus length 34-38 hours Normal Heart
rate/min
70-80
Newborn
regardless of
sex
Kid Gestation 148 Expected
productive life (y)
6-10
Castrated male Wether Age at puberty of
male (months)
4-6

12. Swine
Group of
animal
Drove
Stock
Herd
Meat Pork Volume ejaculate
(cc)
200-300
Adult male Boat Parturition Farrowing Sperm/cc 100-200 million
Adult female Sow Age at puberty of
female (months)
4-7 Normal
Temperature (0C)
38.5-39.5
Young male Boarling Estrous cycle (days) 20 Normal
Respiration
rate/min
15-24
Young female Gilt Estrus length 48-72 hours Normal Heart
rate/min
60-80
Newborn
regardless of
sex
Piglet
Shote
Gestation 114 Expected
productive life (y)
6-8
Castrated male Barrow Age at puberty of
male (months)
4-8

13. Poultry
Group of
animal
Flock Meat Poultry meat Volume ejaculate
(cc)
Adult male Rooster
Cock
Parturition Hatching Sperm/cc
Adult female Hen Age at puberty of
female (months)
4-6 Normal
Temperature (0C)
40-42
Young male Cockerel Estrous cycle (days) Normal
Respiration
rate/min
14-26
Young female
Pullet
Estrus length Normal Heart
rate/min
130-160
Newborn
regardless of
sex
Chick Incubation 21 days Expected
productive life (y)
Castrated male Capon Age at puberty of
male (months)

15. The leading meat products consumed in the
country are chicken and pork based. In 2021, the pork
consumption per capita in the Philippines was about 10.66
kilograms per person, while 14.05 kilograms of poultry
meat per capita were consumed per person. Despite the
growing market for the meat industry, a critical virus strain
outbreak should be considered by businesses venturing
into the meat industry. For hog raisers, swine flu can be a
threat to pork production, and salmonella bacteria for
chicken meat producers. Compliance with the provisions
on food safety is vital.

16. As such, those in the meat shop
business must stick to the regulations of the
meat inspection code of the Philippines. Pricing
The domestic retail price of lean pork meat
from hog livestock in the Philippines has seen a
yearly increase, amounting to approximately
312 Philippine pesos per kilogram. In situations
where animal feeds are in a shortage due to
adverse weather conditions, or rising fuel prices
halt the deliveries of meat, ripple effects are
manifested mainly in pricing. However, a large
quantity of hogs has still been slaughtered for
meat production in the Philippines. In this case,
consumers' interest in purchasing meat steers
the increasing domestic price of the market.

17.  As of 30 June 2023, the total chicken inventory reached 200.21
million birds. This was 2.8 percent higher than the previous year’s
same period count of 194.71 million birds. Population of
native/improved chicken and broiler chicken improved by 6.2
percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. Meanwhile, layer chicken
stocks reported a reduction of -0.9 percent.
 Of the total chicken inventory, native/improved chicken accounted
for 43.3 percent, followed by broiler chicken with 34.5
percent share, and layer chicken with 22.2 percent share. (Figure 3)
 The highest chicken inventory was noted in Central Luzon
with 33.68 million birds. This was followed by CALABARZON
with 27.32 million birds and Northern Mindanao with 25.87 million
birds. These regions accounted for 43.4 percent share to the
country’s total chicken inventory during the period.
 The highest inventory of native/improved chicken was recorded in
Western Visayas with 12.91 million birds. Central Luzon reported
the highest inventory of broiler chicken with 18.48 million
birds, while CALABARZON had the highest layer chicken stocks
with 16.35 million birds.

18.  The average farmgate price of
broiler chicken at PhP 134.13 per
kilogram, liveweight during the
quarter recorded a decline of -2.4
percent from its previous year’s
same period average farmgate
price of PhP 137.39 per
kilogram, liveweight.
 In the second quarter of 2023, the
highest average farmgate price
was quoted in June at PhP 140.25
per kilogram, liveweight, while the
lowest average farmgate price was
noted in May at PhP 129.99 per
kilogram, liveweight.

19.  As of 30 June 2023, the total cattle inventory
reached 2.58 million heads. This indicates an increase
of 0.1 percent from the previous year’s same period
count of 2.57 million heads. About 81.4 percent of the
country’s cattle population during the period came from
smallhold farms, while the remaining 14.9
percent and 3.7 percent were comprised of semi-
commercial farms and commercial farms, respectively.
 Central Visayas recorded the highest cattle population
with 338.28 thousand heads. This was followed by
CALABARZON and Ilocos Region with corresponding
inventories of 244.01 thousand heads and 242.83
thousand heads. These regions shared 32.0 percent to
the country’s total cattle population as of 30 June
2023.

20.  Total swine inventory as of 30 June 2022
reached 9.94 million heads. This was higher by 3.0
percent from the previous year’s count of 9.64
million heads. Population of swine in backyard farms
and commercial farms improved by 1.1
percent and 7.7 percent, respectively. About 70.0
percent of the country’s swine population came from
backyard farms, while the remaining 30.0
percent were from commercial farms.
 In terms of swine inventory, the top regions were
CALABARZON, Western Visayas, and Northern
Mindanao with a combined share of 35.2 percent to
the total swine population.

21.  Total swine inventory as of 30 June 2022
reached 9.94 million heads. This was higher
by 3.0 percent from the previous year’s count
of 9.64 million heads. Population of swine in
backyard farms and commercial farms improved
by 1.1 percent and 7.7 percent, respectively.
About 70.0 percent of the country’s swine
population came from backyard farms, while the
remaining 30.0 percent were from commercial
farms.
 In terms of swine inventory, the top regions were
CALABARZON, Western Visayas, and Northern
Mindanao with a combined share of 35.2
percent to the total swine population.

22.  The average farmgate price of hogs
upgraded for slaughter was PhP 181.93 per
kilogram, liveweight for this quarter. This
was 10.5 percent higher than the previous
year’s same period average farmgate price
of PhP 164.71 per kilogram, liveweight.
 The highest farmgate price for the quarter
was recorded in June at PhP 186.54 per
kilogram, liveweight, while the lowest was in
April at PhP 173.10 per kilogram, liveweight.

23. Thank you!!!