This presentation contains detailed knowledge about Down's Syndrome its types, clinical presentation, diagnosis, medical and physio therapeutic management of the condition.
Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in the body. They determine how a baby’s body forms and functions as it grows during pregnancy and after birth. Typically, a baby is born with 46 chromosomes. Babies with Down syndrome have an extra copy of one of these chromosomes, chromosome 21. A medical term for having an extra copy of a chromosome is ‘trisomy.’ Down syndrome is also referred to as Trisomy 21. This extra copy changes how the baby’s body and brain develop, which can cause both mental and physical challenges for the baby.
This presentation contains detailed knowledge about Down's Syndrome its types, clinical presentation, diagnosis, medical and physio therapeutic management of the condition.
Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in the body. They determine how a baby’s body forms and functions as it grows during pregnancy and after birth. Typically, a baby is born with 46 chromosomes. Babies with Down syndrome have an extra copy of one of these chromosomes, chromosome 21. A medical term for having an extra copy of a chromosome is ‘trisomy.’ Down syndrome is also referred to as Trisomy 21. This extra copy changes how the baby’s body and brain develop, which can cause both mental and physical challenges for the baby.
Down syndrome - A Parent's perspectivelauintransit
This PowerPoint was created for a presentation provided to health professionals at my local hospital. I would be happy to present this PowerPoint to any hospital in Queensland, or alternatively, I give permission for this PowerPoint to be used by others for future presentations for health professionals. It was designed to be delivered by parents of a child with Down syndrome. Please feel free to provide constructive feedback on the presentation.
Pediatrics. trisomy 21. Meiotic non-disjunction of chromosome 21. clinical features and associated abnormalities of down syndrome. screening test for down syndrome. counseling for parents in down syndrome.
For many parents, this question of what is Down syndrome is asked to understand the basics. This presentation gives the real parents the non medical jargon answers. Read more about what is Down syndrome at http://specialfamiliescoach.com/what-is-down-syndrome-for-real-parents/ or read more about parenting children with special needs at http://specialfamiliescoach.com/
Parents who have just gave birth or will give birth to a baby with Down syndrome are looking for answers. There are probably more questions than there are answers. Hopefully this presentation will give you the basic understanding to what is Down syndrome.
The presentation talks about a few key topics in the world of Down syndrome. It talks about Down syndrome facts, symptoms of Down syndrome, and what causes Down syndrome?
You can also watch a video to parents who are asking the question what causes Down syndrome?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Vhc0r7UQxj4
Find out more information from reliable resources:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome.html
https://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/causes/con-20020948
Down syndrome - A Parent's perspectivelauintransit
This PowerPoint was created for a presentation provided to health professionals at my local hospital. I would be happy to present this PowerPoint to any hospital in Queensland, or alternatively, I give permission for this PowerPoint to be used by others for future presentations for health professionals. It was designed to be delivered by parents of a child with Down syndrome. Please feel free to provide constructive feedback on the presentation.
Pediatrics. trisomy 21. Meiotic non-disjunction of chromosome 21. clinical features and associated abnormalities of down syndrome. screening test for down syndrome. counseling for parents in down syndrome.
For many parents, this question of what is Down syndrome is asked to understand the basics. This presentation gives the real parents the non medical jargon answers. Read more about what is Down syndrome at http://specialfamiliescoach.com/what-is-down-syndrome-for-real-parents/ or read more about parenting children with special needs at http://specialfamiliescoach.com/
Parents who have just gave birth or will give birth to a baby with Down syndrome are looking for answers. There are probably more questions than there are answers. Hopefully this presentation will give you the basic understanding to what is Down syndrome.
The presentation talks about a few key topics in the world of Down syndrome. It talks about Down syndrome facts, symptoms of Down syndrome, and what causes Down syndrome?
You can also watch a video to parents who are asking the question what causes Down syndrome?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Vhc0r7UQxj4
Find out more information from reliable resources:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome.html
https://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/causes/con-20020948
Spina bifida is a birth disorder that involves the incomplete development of the spine. In the first month of pregnancy, a special set of cells forms the “neural tube;” the top of the tube becomes the brain, and the remainder becomes the spinal cord and structures around it. In spina bifida, the neural tube doesn’t close completely and some of the bones of the spine do not close in the back. This can result in an opening anywhere along the spine and may cause damage to the spinal cord and nerves.There are four types of spina bifida: occulta, closed neural tube defects, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. The symptoms of spina bifida vary from person to person, depending on the type and level of involvement. Most cases are mild and do not require special treatment. The more serious cases involve nerve damage.
Occulta is the mildest and most common form in which one or more bones of the spinal column (vertebrae) are malformed. The name “occulta,” which means “hidden,” indicates that a layer of skin covers the opening in the bones of the spine. It usually shows no symptoms and is often found by accident on an x-ray or similar test.
Closed neural tube defects are a diverse group of disorders in which the spine may have malformations of fat, bone, or the membranes (the meninges) that cover the spinal cord. Many of these neural tube defects require surgery in childhood. People with this type of spina bifida may have weakness of the legs and trouble with bowel and bladder control. These issues may change or progress as children grow. It is important to have close communication with doctors to minimize these changes as much as possible.
Meningocele occurs when the meninges protrude through the spine and cause a sac of spinal fluid on the back. This fluid is typically only around the brain and spine, but a problem with the bony covering over the spine allows it to poke out. The malformation contains no nerves and may or may not be covered by a layer of skin. Individuals with meningocele may have minor symptoms.Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. A portion of the spinal cord or nerves are exposed in a sac through an opening in the spine that may or may not be covered by the meninges. The opening can be closed surgically while the baby is in utero or shortly after the baby is born. Most people with myelomeningocele experience changes in brain structure, leg weakness, and bladder and bowel dysfunction.
Myelomeningocele is often called a "snowflake condition" because no two people with the condition are the same. Typically, if the opening in the spine is lower down the back, the person will experience less symptoms. People with myelomeningocele require close follow-up with physicians throughout their childhood and lifespan to maximize their function and prevent complications like kidney failure.Complications of spina bifida may include:
Abnormal sensation or paralysis, which mostly occurs with closed neural tube defects and myelomenin
My name is Dahianara Moran and I believe being the parent of a child with Spina Bifida is like having a sixth sense, something like a Super Mom. We learn quickly how to defend our little ones from the awkward moments, but most important, we come to enjoy the little things, value our moments, and commit to change the way the world defines “Disability”.
Arnold Chiari Malformation And Dandy Walker Syndrome.pptxAhBj1
Arnold Chiari Malformation, also known as Chiari type II malformation, is one of a group of brain malformations affecting the cerebellum. Named after Hans Chiari and Julius Arnold, the pathologists who first described the group of malformations. This condition is almosNormally the cerebellum and parts of the brain stem sit in an indented space at the lower rear of the skull, above the foramen magnum (a funnel-like opening to the canal). When part of the cerebellum is located below the foramen magnum, it is called a Chiari malformation. In Arnold Chiari Malformation, both cerebellar and brain stem tissue protrude into the foramen magnum and the cerebellar vermis (the nerve tissue that connects the two halves of the cerebellum) may be only partially complete or absent
t always associated with myelomeningocele, the most serious form of spina bifida
Dandy-Walker Syndrome (DWS) is a congenital (happening before birth) condition where the cerebellum does not develop normally. The cerebellum is an area at the back of the brain that controls movement and balance.
With DWS, parts of the cerebellum may never develop or may be very small. Other parts of the cerebellum become filled with fluid or develop small masses of fluid (cysts). In most cases, a build-up of fluid inside the skull causes the head to get bigger than it should.
Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly. It falls under the broader category of NTD (Neural Tube Defects).
3. Spina bifida:
Sometimes a baby’s
spinal cord fails to
develop normally
during the first month
of pregnancy. When
this happens, the child
can have a physical
disability called Spina
Bifida.
Hydrocephalus:
Hydrocephalus is a
neurological conditio
n where the normal
drainage of
cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) in the brain
is blocked in some
way.
4. Spina bifida:
“The cause of spina
bifida is
unknown, though a
combination of
environmental and
genetic factors is most
likely involved.”
Hydrocephalus:
“Hydrocephalus occurs
when too much fluid
builds up in the brain;
specifically, excess CSF
(cerebro-spinal fluid)
accumulates in the
cavities (ventricles) of
the brain.”
5. Children who have spina bifida can experience a
wide range of medical complications, such as:
Partial or full paralysis of the legs
Latex allergies
Bladder, bowel and kidney problems
Eye problems
Fractures
Hydrocephalus
Learning disorders
Seizures
Skin problems
Tethered spinal cord
Weight gain
6. Sonia and her family’s needs
Understand and support, welcoming and comfortable
environment, curriculum activities and teaching strategies
meet her needs, information about the services.
7. Modifications of physical environment:
There are many things to consider such as
Materials
Curriculum
Classroom structure
Physical activity
8. Teaching strategies?
Give her time and space.
Use four strategies:
Stabilize, enlarge, enhance and simplify.
Allow enough time during the transition.
Follow strategies such as: Prompting and
Fading.
Reinforcements.
9. Respectful and good relationship with them.
Understand and empathize with their
feelings.
Provide them information about services
and community resources.
10. Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus Association of
Ontario.(http://www.sbhao.on.ca/useful-links)
The Easter Seal Society - Incontinence Supplies Grant
Program for Children and Youth with
Disabilities.(www.easterseals.org/services/default.asp?l
oad=incontinence)
Assistance For Children with Severe Disabilities (ACSD);
Ministry of Community, Family and Children’s Services.
President’s Choice Children’s
Charity(www.presidentschoice.ca)
11. http://babygirlarthur.blogspot.ca/
www.connectability.ca
Professor Chris Cadieux, ECEP-233; Reading package part-1,2,3.
Professor Chris Cadieux, ECEP-233; handout (week-1,2,3,4&5)
http://www.google.ca/search?q=Girl+in+a+wheelchair&hl=en&
newwindow=1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=reo1UZOrH-
jz2QWUl4CYDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=667#imgr
c=
http://www.gillettechildrens.org/default.cfm?PID=1.17.4.8
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spinabifida/school-age.html
http://www.sbhao.on.ca/useful-links
www.easterseals.org/services/default.asp?load=incontinence
www.presidentschoice.ca
Editor's Notes
A shunt is a thin tube that's surgically implanted in the brain and used to drain away the excess fluid. Today, this is the best and most effective treatment for hydrocephalus.
The amount of disability that can be caused varies by the level of a defect in the spinal cord.
Sonia and her family are new in this city and Sonia is a school age child. This is an important time for her to become more responsible and independent. She is interested in sports and this is also a good time to start exploring potential lifetime interests such as hobbies, music, or sports. Developing independence can be challenging for her affected by spina bifida. Children with spina bifida often cannot control when they go to the bathroom . It is important to develop a plan for going to the bathroom that works and is as simple as possible. This can lead to increased health, participation, and independence at school and in the home, and avoid embarrassment for her. Children with spina bifida also need to improve strength of the upper body to help with balance; to move or transfer from their wheelchair; to walk using equipment and to propel their wheelchair. So, it is important to understand and support them in every aspect to overcome the challenges and to be independent .
Since Sonia uses the wheelchair, I would like to modify the physical environment to make her feel comfortable to moveMaterials: I can assist the child with tools that may be helpful in learning. Example - Special computer’s keyboard, since the child has low motor skills. I can rearrange the materials to make sure that Sonia is able to reach the materials while being seated in the wheelchair. By modifying the classroom/ building structure making sure there is enough space for the child’s wheelchair to move around in the classroom. I will also add ramp and make sure that elevator and emergency exists are wheelchair accessible.I would create some special curriculum activities for her which help her to develop the fine and grossmotor skills and planning activities should be flexible so that Sonia may use materials and do something with own self.Sonia needs to improve her upper body strength , so I can provide some special physical activities such as; Crawling through tunnels , Crawling over a mat or pillow.Hitting a large beach ball with two hands, Batting a suspended ball with a small plastic racquet. Playing with water pistols or water spray bottles, Playing wheel barrow, etc.
Sonia may have difficulty adjusting and adapting to changes, so teachers need to give her time and space to make her feel comfortable.Four strategies I may use for adapting toys to help her develop independence and to engage her in the activities with peers.By using prompting strategy may help her to demonstrate a desired behavior or skill and fading help her become independent.
I would make a respectful and good relationship with the family so that they can feel comfortable to ask anything about their needs, share their ideas and thoughts or anything we can openly communicate which is essential to help Sonia in her development.Having support and community resources can help Sonia’s family increase confidence in managing spina bifida, enhance quality of life, and assist in meeting the needs of all family members. So, I will give them the information about community resources.
I would recommend that Sonia’s family to visit the Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus Association of Ontario which is located in 555 Richmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5V 3B1. They offer information, resources, emotional support, counselling and networking opportunities. The Easter Seal Society which is located at 1185 Eglinton Ave, East, Suite 706 North York, ON, M3C 3C6 , provides a variety of services to help better the lives of children and youth with physical disabilities, and their families. These services include: financial assistance; diapers and incontinence supplies; information; peer support; independence and life skills. ACSD is located at 477 Mount Pleasant Rd., 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M7A 1G1, This organization provides funding that is paid to eligible families and has extraordinary costs, such as respite/relief care; transportation; special clothing, diet and medical expenses; and educational and social fees. PCCC is located at 6220A Yonge St. ,North York, ON M2M 3X4 . This organization offers to help children who are physically or developmentally challenged. They provide direct financial assistance in the purchase of expensive equipment, therapy, and more.