Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. This extra genetic material causes developmental delays and other issues. Down syndrome can range from mild to severe depending on the individual. Over 90% of Down syndrome cases are caused by trisomy 21, where there are three copies of chromosome 21. Physical signs include a flattened nose, small ears and mouth, upward slanting eyes, and short hands and fingers. The risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases with the mother's age. Complications can include heart defects, leukemia, and early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

1. Down Syndrome By: Natalie Brennan

2. What is Down syndrome? Down syndrome is a genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. This disorder causes mental retardation and other problems. Down syndrome ranges in severity, so developmental problems may range from mild to serious.

5. With Mosaic Down syndrome some cells have an extra copy of chromosome 21, but not all.

6. Mosaic Down syndrome is caused by abnormal cell division after fertilization.

7. occurs when part of a chromosome 21becomes attached onto another chromosome, before or at conception.

8. Children with Translocation have the usual 2 copies of chromosome 21, but have additional material from chromosome 21 stuck to the translocated chromosome. MOST cases of Down syndrome are NOT inherited.

10. small ears

11. small mouth

12. upward slanting eyes

13. wide, short hands with short fingers

14. separated joints between the bones of the skull

15. decreased muscle tone at birth

16. protruding tongue

18. Age 40 = 1 in 106 chance

19. Age 45 = 1 in 30 chance Women who already have a child with Down syndrome typically have a 1 % chance of having another child with Down syndrome. Parents who are carriers of the translocation for Down syndrome can pass the genetic translocation onto their children.

21. 340,000 people in USA

22. 88% of cases arise from mother's chromosome 21; 8% from father's chromosome 21; 2% from mitotic errors after fusion

23. 66-88% of down patients have some level of hearing loss in at least one ear

28. This test has a greater risk for miscarriage than both Amniocentesis and CVS.

30. Famous people with Down syndrome Chris Burke Jane Cameron Sujeet Desai Bernadette Resha Never set limitations for yourself.

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32. Work Cited Cont. http://www.foietlumiere.org/site/im_user/001elie.2jpg.jpg http://www.downsyndrome.org.za/images/Micaiah%201.jpg http://blog.bioethics.net/downschild-255.jpg http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/d/down_syndrome/stats.htm http://johnwilliams713.com/jillnjohn/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/sc00017001.jpg http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/07/070718001823-large.jpg