This 29-year-old woman has experienced five urinary tract infections in the past year with symptoms of dysuria, increased frequency, and urgency. Laboratory tests identified the infectious bacteria in previous infections. She now presents with the same symptoms. On examination, she has mild suprapubic tenderness but no other abnormalities. The differential diagnosis includes recurrent urinary tract infection. Laboratory urine culture should be ordered to confirm the preliminary diagnosis. Possible causes of recurrent lower UTIs include behavioral factors and anatomical abnormalities, with behavioral factors being most likely in this case. The patient may need referral to a specialist if the infections do not resolve or identify an underlying cause.