If your patients are ready to start a family, carrier screening can help determine the chances of passing a genetic disorder down to their children. For more details please visit: https://goo.gl/eWyhPK
Genetic screening counseling Prenatal Testing M Phil 17 2-15Yahya Noori, Ph.D
This document provides an overview of genetic counseling, screening, and prenatal testing. It discusses:
- The purpose of genetic screening to identify individuals at risk for genetic disorders and provide reproductive options.
- Methods of genetic counseling including gathering a family history, physical exam, and laboratory testing to establish diagnoses.
- Prenatal testing options like nuchal translucency measurement and amniocentesis to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
- Principles of genetic screening tests and the importance of follow-up diagnostic testing for positive results.
- Factors that influence genetic risk like penetrance and expressivity of traits.
- Examples of career screening programs and challenges in genetic counseling like consanguinity.
THIS PRESENATATION IS FOR THE MEDICAL STUDENTS WHO ALSO HAVE GENETICS AND IF THEY NEED TO GIVE A SEMINAR BASED ON THIS TOPIC THIS PRESENATATION SHALL PROVE USEFUL
Sperm DNA Fragmentation (Oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis, Test, Techniques, Relation to other semen parameters, Relationship to leucocytes, Relation to ICSI outcomes, Clinical applications, significance and limitations)
This document summarizes a conference on cancer screening and genetics risk assessment programs at the Xanit Oncology Institute. It discusses how screening can help avoid cancer deaths by detecting cancers earlier when treatment is often less aggressive. It outlines features that suggest hereditary cancer risk and merits genetic counseling. The process of genetic counseling and testing is explained. Risk assessment considers personal and family history. While screening and counseling help manage risk, prophylactic procedures like mastectomy can prevent breast cancers.
Lecture on prenatal genetic diagnostic techniques and their value in detection of prenatal genetic anomalies. This lecture details techniques employed in the common diagnostic interventions used in prenatal period and their usefulness.
Prenatal screening and diagnosis of fetal abnormalities like Down syndrome is important given the significant morbidity, mortality, and financial costs associated with these conditions. New screening techniques using cell-free fetal DNA analysis from maternal blood, known as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), have been shown to detect Down syndrome and other trisomies with over 99% accuracy and a false positive rate below 1%. While NIPT has advantages over traditional screening by being non-invasive and having higher detection rates and lower false positives, diagnostic testing through amniocentesis or CVS is still recommended for positive NIPT results to confirm the diagnosis. NIPT is becoming the standard of care for high risk pregnancies but further validation is still needed
Genetic screening counseling Prenatal Testing M Phil 17 2-15Yahya Noori, Ph.D
This document provides an overview of genetic counseling, screening, and prenatal testing. It discusses:
- The purpose of genetic screening to identify individuals at risk for genetic disorders and provide reproductive options.
- Methods of genetic counseling including gathering a family history, physical exam, and laboratory testing to establish diagnoses.
- Prenatal testing options like nuchal translucency measurement and amniocentesis to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
- Principles of genetic screening tests and the importance of follow-up diagnostic testing for positive results.
- Factors that influence genetic risk like penetrance and expressivity of traits.
- Examples of career screening programs and challenges in genetic counseling like consanguinity.
THIS PRESENATATION IS FOR THE MEDICAL STUDENTS WHO ALSO HAVE GENETICS AND IF THEY NEED TO GIVE A SEMINAR BASED ON THIS TOPIC THIS PRESENATATION SHALL PROVE USEFUL
Sperm DNA Fragmentation (Oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis, Test, Techniques, Relation to other semen parameters, Relationship to leucocytes, Relation to ICSI outcomes, Clinical applications, significance and limitations)
This document summarizes a conference on cancer screening and genetics risk assessment programs at the Xanit Oncology Institute. It discusses how screening can help avoid cancer deaths by detecting cancers earlier when treatment is often less aggressive. It outlines features that suggest hereditary cancer risk and merits genetic counseling. The process of genetic counseling and testing is explained. Risk assessment considers personal and family history. While screening and counseling help manage risk, prophylactic procedures like mastectomy can prevent breast cancers.
Lecture on prenatal genetic diagnostic techniques and their value in detection of prenatal genetic anomalies. This lecture details techniques employed in the common diagnostic interventions used in prenatal period and their usefulness.
Prenatal screening and diagnosis of fetal abnormalities like Down syndrome is important given the significant morbidity, mortality, and financial costs associated with these conditions. New screening techniques using cell-free fetal DNA analysis from maternal blood, known as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), have been shown to detect Down syndrome and other trisomies with over 99% accuracy and a false positive rate below 1%. While NIPT has advantages over traditional screening by being non-invasive and having higher detection rates and lower false positives, diagnostic testing through amniocentesis or CVS is still recommended for positive NIPT results to confirm the diagnosis. NIPT is becoming the standard of care for high risk pregnancies but further validation is still needed
Cell-free fetal DNA was first discovered in maternal plasma in 1997 and can now be used for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis and testing through methods like massively parallel next-generation sequencing. Current applications of cell-free fetal DNA analysis include determining fetal sex, blood group, and screening for fetal aneuploidies and single-gene disorders. While performance is high, factors like fetal fraction and placental mosaicism can influence test accuracy and result in false positives or negatives in some cases. As the technology advances, the uses of non-invasive prenatal testing through analysis of cell-free fetal DNA continue to expand.
Genetic diseases are increasing due to factors like environmental pollution and improved diagnostic techniques. In China, it is estimated that 1 million new patients develop inherited disorders each year. Genetic diseases can be classified as chromosomal abnormalities, single gene disorders, and polygenic disorders. While most genetic diseases cannot be cured, treatment options include dietary restrictions, removing harmful substances, supplementing lacking substances, and gene therapy shows promise for some conditions. Prevention involves genetic counseling and prenatal testing.
This document discusses various prenatal diagnostic techniques including maternal serum screening, ultrasound, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and cordocentesis. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for karyotyping and molecular diagnosis but carry risks of procedure-related pregnancy loss. Cordocentesis permits rapid diagnosis via fetal blood but has a higher loss risk than amniocentesis. The timing and indications of each technique are outlined.
1. Prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques allow for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. Techniques include first and second trimester screening, cell-free DNA screening, chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and cordocentesis.
2. First trimester screening incorporates factors like maternal age, nuchal translucency, and biochemical markers. Second trimester screening analyzes maternal serum markers. Cell-free DNA screening analyzes fetal DNA in maternal blood. Invasive techniques like CVS and amniocentesis allow for karyotyping.
3. Genetic counseling is recommended to discuss family histories, risk factors, screening results
This document summarizes the career and accomplishments of Dr. Narendra Malhotra, an Indian obstetrician and gynecologist. It lists his positions including professor, dean, editor of journals, and representative for several medical organizations. It also lists his awards, publications, guest lectures, and roles organizing conferences. The document then summarizes four prenatal cases where chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) provided clinically relevant genetic findings beyond what standard tests like ultrasound, karyotyping, and FISH could detect. CMA identified deletions and duplications involving disease-associated genes that helped with counseling and clinical management. The last case highlights some of the challenges in interpreting CMA results prenatally.
PGD is a state-of-the-art procedure used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in which the embryo is tested for certain conditions prior to being placed in the womb of the woman.
This document discusses the importance and applications of genetic counseling in modern obstetrics. It outlines several key points:
1. Genetic counseling should be provided to all pregnant women to help them understand risks of various genetic disorders and recurrence rates to help make informed decisions.
2. Common indications for genetic counseling include advanced maternal age, abnormal screening tests, family history of genetic disorders, and previous children with genetic conditions.
3. Genetic counseling helps evaluate risks of conditions like chromosomal abnormalities, birth defects, genetic diseases based on family history and test results. It allows discussing options like prenatal diagnosis.
4. Emerging tools like non-invasive prenatal testing are improving detection rates of conditions like Down
Prenatal diagnosis provides couples at risk of genetic disorders with informed choices. Non-invasive tests like maternal serum screening and ultrasound can detect abnormalities, while invasive tests like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for chromosome analysis but carry small risks of miscarriage. Advanced maternal age is the most common indication for testing. Prenatal diagnosis aims to detect issues prenatally in order to provide counseling, reduce anxiety, and potentially enable prenatal treatment in the future through gene therapy.
BRCA – Importance in Hereditary Breast & Ovarian CancerLifecare Centre
BRCA – Importance in Hereditary
Breast & Ovarian Cancer
DGF & WOW India
presentation was made by
Dr Sharda Jain
based on presentation made by
Dr Sunil Tadepalli
This document provides an overview of pedigree charts and how to interpret them. It discusses what a pedigree is, how to construct one using symbols to represent family members and their traits, and how to analyze a pedigree to determine if a trait is autosomal or X-linked, and dominant or recessive. It provides examples of filled-out pedigree charts and walks through interpreting them to find this information. The document also covers additional symbols that can be used in pedigrees and gives an example of Queen Victoria's descendants and the inheritance of hemophilia through her family tree.
Here, Genetic disorder and chromosomal abnormality discussed briefly. *Types of the genetic disorder *briefly discussed on different genetic diseases *chromosomal anomaly i.e. structural and numerical anomaly. etc.
This document provides an overview of cytogenetics and chromosomal abnormalities. It begins with the history of cytogenetics, including the discovery of human chromosomes in 1882 and establishing the normal human karyotype of 46 chromosomes in 1956. It describes laboratory techniques for culturing and staining chromosomes, including various banding techniques. It discusses clinical cytogenetics and genetic counseling. It provides detailed explanations and examples of different types of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities, including aneuploidies, polyploidies, translocations, inversions, deletions and more. It explains the associated phenotypes and inheritance patterns of many common chromosomal syndromes.
Prenatal diagnosis allows for the detection of abnormalities in the fetus before birth through non-invasive techniques like ultrasound and maternal serum screening or invasive techniques like amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and fetal tissue biopsy which allow for cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis. The goals of prenatal diagnosis are to provide informed choices for couples at risk, reassurance for high risk groups, and management options for confirmed disorders. Methods available can diagnose chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, infections, and structural malformations.
This document provides an overview of genetic disorders, including their classification and characteristics. It discusses autosomal and sex chromosome anomalies, both numeric and structural. Autosomal anomalies include trisomies like Down, Patau, and Edwards syndromes. Sex chromosome anomalies include Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Jacobs syndrome. Specific genetic disorders are also summarized, such as Cri du Chat syndrome and Alport syndrome. The document provides a high-level classification of genetic disorders and summaries of common syndromes associated with chromosomal anomalies.
This document contains a series of slides explaining X-linked inheritance patterns. It begins with slides showing the human chromosomes and sex chromosomes. It then describes X-linked recessive inheritance when the mother is a carrier or the father has the condition. Next, it covers X-linked dominant inheritance when the mother has the condition. For X-linked dominant, affected sons may not survive and fewer sons than expected may be seen in families. The document aims to teach genetics through these inheritance pattern examples.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is an invasive prenatal procedure performed between 70-91 days after the last menstrual period to obtain fetal tissue from the chorionic villi of the placenta for genetic testing. CVS yields more cells and DNA than amniocentesis, allowing for rapid chromosomal analysis and biochemical or DNA testing without needing a cell culture. While sometimes considered riskier than amniocentesis, large studies show CVS has a comparable or lower risk of pregnancy loss. CVS can be performed through the abdominal wall or cervix under ultrasound guidance to evaluate the fetus for genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, or metabolic conditions.
Third party reproduction ppt by Dr.GayathiriMorris Jawahar
This document discusses third party reproduction and oocyte donation. It provides information on the requirements and screening process for oocyte and sperm donors according to ICMR guidelines. Key points include that the donor's age is the primary factor impacting IVF success rates, with higher pregnancy rates seen in donor egg programs compared to routine IVF. Embryo donation success depends on embryo viability. The rights of children born through ART technologies and relevant legal issues are also outlined.
This document discusses prenatal diagnosis techniques including screening tests and diagnostic tests. Screening tests include ultrasonography, maternal serum screening which tests biomarkers, and alpha-fetoprotein. Diagnostic tests include invasive techniques like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, as well as non-invasive techniques using cell-free fetal DNA in the mother's bloodstream which can be used to detect genetic disorders as early as 6 weeks into the pregnancy. Cell-free fetal DNA is isolated from maternal plasma through size fractionation methods and can be used for applications like fetal sex determination and rhesus blood grouping.
Handling a Variety of CNV Caller Inputs with VarSeqGolden Helix
Golden Helix is presenting on their software VarSeq, which can handle a variety of CNV caller inputs. VarSeq uses normalization and reference sample comparison to call CNVs from NGS coverage data. It can detect small, medium, and large CNVs from gene panels, whole exomes, and whole genomes. Previous customers have validated VarSeq for these applications. The presentation demonstrates VarSeq's CNV detection approach and ability to import calls from external callers. It also discusses using VarSeq with their guidelines software to evaluate CNV impact according to ACMG/AMP standards.
Illumina is a leader in genomics technologies that provide reliable answers to guide reproductive and genetic health choices. Their portfolio includes technologies for preimplantation genetic screening and diagnosis, non-invasive prenatal testing, cytogenetics, carrier screening, and identifying inherited conditions. These solutions deliver accurate information through next-generation sequencing and microarrays to empower informed choices and transform lives along the healthcare continuum.
Cell-free fetal DNA was first discovered in maternal plasma in 1997 and can now be used for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis and testing through methods like massively parallel next-generation sequencing. Current applications of cell-free fetal DNA analysis include determining fetal sex, blood group, and screening for fetal aneuploidies and single-gene disorders. While performance is high, factors like fetal fraction and placental mosaicism can influence test accuracy and result in false positives or negatives in some cases. As the technology advances, the uses of non-invasive prenatal testing through analysis of cell-free fetal DNA continue to expand.
Genetic diseases are increasing due to factors like environmental pollution and improved diagnostic techniques. In China, it is estimated that 1 million new patients develop inherited disorders each year. Genetic diseases can be classified as chromosomal abnormalities, single gene disorders, and polygenic disorders. While most genetic diseases cannot be cured, treatment options include dietary restrictions, removing harmful substances, supplementing lacking substances, and gene therapy shows promise for some conditions. Prevention involves genetic counseling and prenatal testing.
This document discusses various prenatal diagnostic techniques including maternal serum screening, ultrasound, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and cordocentesis. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for karyotyping and molecular diagnosis but carry risks of procedure-related pregnancy loss. Cordocentesis permits rapid diagnosis via fetal blood but has a higher loss risk than amniocentesis. The timing and indications of each technique are outlined.
1. Prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques allow for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. Techniques include first and second trimester screening, cell-free DNA screening, chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and cordocentesis.
2. First trimester screening incorporates factors like maternal age, nuchal translucency, and biochemical markers. Second trimester screening analyzes maternal serum markers. Cell-free DNA screening analyzes fetal DNA in maternal blood. Invasive techniques like CVS and amniocentesis allow for karyotyping.
3. Genetic counseling is recommended to discuss family histories, risk factors, screening results
This document summarizes the career and accomplishments of Dr. Narendra Malhotra, an Indian obstetrician and gynecologist. It lists his positions including professor, dean, editor of journals, and representative for several medical organizations. It also lists his awards, publications, guest lectures, and roles organizing conferences. The document then summarizes four prenatal cases where chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) provided clinically relevant genetic findings beyond what standard tests like ultrasound, karyotyping, and FISH could detect. CMA identified deletions and duplications involving disease-associated genes that helped with counseling and clinical management. The last case highlights some of the challenges in interpreting CMA results prenatally.
PGD is a state-of-the-art procedure used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in which the embryo is tested for certain conditions prior to being placed in the womb of the woman.
This document discusses the importance and applications of genetic counseling in modern obstetrics. It outlines several key points:
1. Genetic counseling should be provided to all pregnant women to help them understand risks of various genetic disorders and recurrence rates to help make informed decisions.
2. Common indications for genetic counseling include advanced maternal age, abnormal screening tests, family history of genetic disorders, and previous children with genetic conditions.
3. Genetic counseling helps evaluate risks of conditions like chromosomal abnormalities, birth defects, genetic diseases based on family history and test results. It allows discussing options like prenatal diagnosis.
4. Emerging tools like non-invasive prenatal testing are improving detection rates of conditions like Down
Prenatal diagnosis provides couples at risk of genetic disorders with informed choices. Non-invasive tests like maternal serum screening and ultrasound can detect abnormalities, while invasive tests like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for chromosome analysis but carry small risks of miscarriage. Advanced maternal age is the most common indication for testing. Prenatal diagnosis aims to detect issues prenatally in order to provide counseling, reduce anxiety, and potentially enable prenatal treatment in the future through gene therapy.
BRCA – Importance in Hereditary Breast & Ovarian CancerLifecare Centre
BRCA – Importance in Hereditary
Breast & Ovarian Cancer
DGF & WOW India
presentation was made by
Dr Sharda Jain
based on presentation made by
Dr Sunil Tadepalli
This document provides an overview of pedigree charts and how to interpret them. It discusses what a pedigree is, how to construct one using symbols to represent family members and their traits, and how to analyze a pedigree to determine if a trait is autosomal or X-linked, and dominant or recessive. It provides examples of filled-out pedigree charts and walks through interpreting them to find this information. The document also covers additional symbols that can be used in pedigrees and gives an example of Queen Victoria's descendants and the inheritance of hemophilia through her family tree.
Here, Genetic disorder and chromosomal abnormality discussed briefly. *Types of the genetic disorder *briefly discussed on different genetic diseases *chromosomal anomaly i.e. structural and numerical anomaly. etc.
This document provides an overview of cytogenetics and chromosomal abnormalities. It begins with the history of cytogenetics, including the discovery of human chromosomes in 1882 and establishing the normal human karyotype of 46 chromosomes in 1956. It describes laboratory techniques for culturing and staining chromosomes, including various banding techniques. It discusses clinical cytogenetics and genetic counseling. It provides detailed explanations and examples of different types of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities, including aneuploidies, polyploidies, translocations, inversions, deletions and more. It explains the associated phenotypes and inheritance patterns of many common chromosomal syndromes.
Prenatal diagnosis allows for the detection of abnormalities in the fetus before birth through non-invasive techniques like ultrasound and maternal serum screening or invasive techniques like amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and fetal tissue biopsy which allow for cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis. The goals of prenatal diagnosis are to provide informed choices for couples at risk, reassurance for high risk groups, and management options for confirmed disorders. Methods available can diagnose chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, infections, and structural malformations.
This document provides an overview of genetic disorders, including their classification and characteristics. It discusses autosomal and sex chromosome anomalies, both numeric and structural. Autosomal anomalies include trisomies like Down, Patau, and Edwards syndromes. Sex chromosome anomalies include Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Jacobs syndrome. Specific genetic disorders are also summarized, such as Cri du Chat syndrome and Alport syndrome. The document provides a high-level classification of genetic disorders and summaries of common syndromes associated with chromosomal anomalies.
This document contains a series of slides explaining X-linked inheritance patterns. It begins with slides showing the human chromosomes and sex chromosomes. It then describes X-linked recessive inheritance when the mother is a carrier or the father has the condition. Next, it covers X-linked dominant inheritance when the mother has the condition. For X-linked dominant, affected sons may not survive and fewer sons than expected may be seen in families. The document aims to teach genetics through these inheritance pattern examples.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is an invasive prenatal procedure performed between 70-91 days after the last menstrual period to obtain fetal tissue from the chorionic villi of the placenta for genetic testing. CVS yields more cells and DNA than amniocentesis, allowing for rapid chromosomal analysis and biochemical or DNA testing without needing a cell culture. While sometimes considered riskier than amniocentesis, large studies show CVS has a comparable or lower risk of pregnancy loss. CVS can be performed through the abdominal wall or cervix under ultrasound guidance to evaluate the fetus for genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, or metabolic conditions.
Third party reproduction ppt by Dr.GayathiriMorris Jawahar
This document discusses third party reproduction and oocyte donation. It provides information on the requirements and screening process for oocyte and sperm donors according to ICMR guidelines. Key points include that the donor's age is the primary factor impacting IVF success rates, with higher pregnancy rates seen in donor egg programs compared to routine IVF. Embryo donation success depends on embryo viability. The rights of children born through ART technologies and relevant legal issues are also outlined.
This document discusses prenatal diagnosis techniques including screening tests and diagnostic tests. Screening tests include ultrasonography, maternal serum screening which tests biomarkers, and alpha-fetoprotein. Diagnostic tests include invasive techniques like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, as well as non-invasive techniques using cell-free fetal DNA in the mother's bloodstream which can be used to detect genetic disorders as early as 6 weeks into the pregnancy. Cell-free fetal DNA is isolated from maternal plasma through size fractionation methods and can be used for applications like fetal sex determination and rhesus blood grouping.
Handling a Variety of CNV Caller Inputs with VarSeqGolden Helix
Golden Helix is presenting on their software VarSeq, which can handle a variety of CNV caller inputs. VarSeq uses normalization and reference sample comparison to call CNVs from NGS coverage data. It can detect small, medium, and large CNVs from gene panels, whole exomes, and whole genomes. Previous customers have validated VarSeq for these applications. The presentation demonstrates VarSeq's CNV detection approach and ability to import calls from external callers. It also discusses using VarSeq with their guidelines software to evaluate CNV impact according to ACMG/AMP standards.
Illumina is a leader in genomics technologies that provide reliable answers to guide reproductive and genetic health choices. Their portfolio includes technologies for preimplantation genetic screening and diagnosis, non-invasive prenatal testing, cytogenetics, carrier screening, and identifying inherited conditions. These solutions deliver accurate information through next-generation sequencing and microarrays to empower informed choices and transform lives along the healthcare continuum.
This document discusses different types of genetic tests. It provides examples of molecular tests like testing the DMD gene for muscular dystrophy and KRAS gene testing for colon cancer. Cytogenetic tests like karyotyping and arrayCGH are explained. Biochemical tests like newborn screening for phenylketonuria are also summarized. The uses and implications of genetic testing for various clinical purposes are covered.
The document discusses a genetic test called iMGE Test that analyzes miscarriage material to identify chromosomal defects that may cause pregnancy loss. The test uses next generation sequencing to analyze all chromosomes simultaneously and does not require cell culture, providing results for over 95% of cases. Identifying genetic causes can help guide family planning decisions and determine if preimplantation genetic diagnosis would be beneficial for couples seeking to avoid miscarriage in future pregnancies. The test is recommended after miscarriage for women over 35, those with a family history of genetic defects, or couples with a history of infertility or recurrent miscarriage.
Reproductive Genetics: Introduction to Genetic Testing Optionskanew396
GenomeSmart can help you navigate the different reproductive genetic testing options to allow you to make informed decisions for the health of yourself and your family.
This document discusses preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which involves in vitro fertilization combined with genetic testing of embryos to select embryos without specific genetic defects or diseases. It notes that PGD requires expertise across fertility medicine, genetics, embryology and molecular analysis. While PGD can reduce health risks for offspring and minimize inheritance of disabilities, children conceived through assisted reproductive technologies like IVF may have a slightly higher risk of birth defects. The use of PGD is increasing for conditions like single gene disorders but it has limitations such as mosaicism and laboratory errors. Guidelines and laws regulate the application of PGD and prohibit its use for non-medical sex selection.
Practice Bulletin #226, Screening for Chromosomal AbnormalitiesVõ Tá Sơn
Practice Bulletin #226, Screening for Chromosomal Abnormalities,
Hướng dẫn sàng lọc các bất thường nhiễm sắc thể
ACOG & SMFM 2020
Bs Võ Tá Sơn
0978846100 zalo
Prenatal Testing, deteksi kelainan bawaan sejak dalam kandunganHendrik Sutopo
Pengenalan mengenai prenatal diagnosis.
Memberikan gambaran sekilas mengenai cara-cara untuk mengetahui kelainan bawaan sejak janin dalam kandungan.
lebih ditujukan untuk kalangan medis.
Non Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)
Genetic screening and prenatal diagnostics involve analyzing DNA, proteins, and metabolites to detect heritable diseases and conditions. There are several types of genetic testing methodologies including cytogenetic testing of chromosomes, biochemical testing of proteins, and molecular testing of DNA sequences. Prenatal screening can occur in the first or second trimester of pregnancy and may involve chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, or ultrasound to check the health of the developing baby. While genetic testing can enable early detection and prevention of diseases, it also carries risks of increased anxiety, distress over family relations, and feelings of guilt from positive or negative results.
This document discusses genetic testing guidelines for breast and ovarian cancer. It provides an overview of current guidelines from organizations like USPSTF, NCCN, ACOG, and NICE. The USPSTF recommends testing only for those with a suggestive family history. NCCN guidelines provide more detailed criteria for testing breast cancer patients. Studies have found a high percentage (around 10%) of Ashkenazi Jewish women with breast cancer carry BRCA mutations, suggesting all such women should undergo genetic testing. Overall, the guidelines are evolving to expand testing to more patients as the therapeutic implications of mutations are better understood.
Genetic testing allows for the diagnosis of genetic disorders and vulnerabilities to inherited diseases. There are several types of genetic tests including carrier screening, prenatal diagnostic testing, newborn screening, and diagnostic testing. Common diagnostic tests include ultrasonography, amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling, and analysis of maternal serum markers. Genetic testing can help people take preventive measures but also carries risks like physical risks from invasive tests and emotional risks from results. Nurses play a role in ensuring informed consent, counseling, and maintaining privacy and confidentiality with genetic testing.
Genetic screening uses techniques like karyotyping, amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis to detect abnormalities or predict diseases. Karyotyping examines chromosomes for changes in number or structure. Amniocentesis analyzes amniotic fluid to detect fetal abnormalities, while chorionic villus sampling analyzes placental tissue. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis screens embryos before implantation. Genetic screening can prevent birth of babies with diseases but also raises issues like determining which genes to screen and the economic and social impact of results.
Genetic screening uses techniques like karyotyping, amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis to detect abnormalities or predict diseases. Karyotyping examines chromosomes for changes in number or structure. Amniocentesis analyzes amniotic fluid samples for fetal DNA, while chorionic villus sampling tests placental tissue. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis screens embryos before implantation. Genetic screening can prevent birth defects but also raises issues regarding which conditions to test for and the social impact of results.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis using NGS – new-generation highly-accurate ...ISIDA
Preimplantation of genetic diagnosis or screening using NGS:
- What is PGD or PGS?
- The essence of the NGS method;
- Opportunities and advantages of genetic testing by the NGS method;
- Who is recommended for PGD / PGS?
- Stages of NGS-diagnosis - stages of in vitro fertilization (IVF) program;
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis in ISIDA - innovativeness and professionalism.
Genetic screening involves testing samples of blood, tissue or fluid to check for genetic conditions or risks of transmitting genetic disorders. It can confirm suspected genetic disorders, help determine risk of developing or passing on disorders, and guide healthcare decisions. Common screening tests examine chromosomes from amniotic fluid or placental tissue, measure markers in maternal serum, or check for physical abnormalities via ultrasound. Screening helps manage pregnancies and plan for newborn health issues.
Ultrasonography scans in pregnancy serve several purposes. There are typically two recommended scans: the 11-14 week NT scan to screen for anomalies and the 18-22 week anomaly scan. Additional scans may be needed depending on risk factors and medical history. The NT scan screens for conditions like Down syndrome while the anomaly scan checks for structural abnormalities. Follow-up scans later in pregnancy monitor growth, check high-risk conditions like preeclampsia, and assess fetal well-being. Ultrasound is a valuable screening tool when used appropriately during pregnancy.
GenEmbryomics is the first company in the world to offer a comprehensive whole-genome sequencing screening test for in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos, providing a novel way to screen for genetic diseases before pregnancy. De novo mutations spontaneously occurring at fertilization account for over 4,525 genetic diseases that are routinely missed by currently used preimplantation genetic testing.
Prenatal Genetic Screening with VarSeqGolden Helix
Our past webcast explored the current approaches for screening and diagnosis of genetic disorders in prenatal testing. While the methods available at the time were robust, they were severely limited, creating a need for a higher diagnostic yield and more efficient analysis for a wider range of genetic tests. The solution proposed was to improve and simplify prenatal screening and diagnosis with whole exome sequencing (WES).
During that webcast, we highlighted the advantages of WES over traditional methods such as karyotyping and chromosomal microarray, including improved accuracy, granularity, and cost-effectiveness. We also emphasized the potential of WES to expand diagnosis for many other adverse maternal-fetal complications beyond the large aneuploidy events previously covered. However, there was still an intimidation factor when it came to the massive data output from the exome. Fortunately, Golden Helix provided the necessary tools to build and standardize these genetic assays, simplifying the analytical process while leveraging increased diagnostic output. We explored our VarSeq software to demonstrate some example workflows of cases positive for Trisomy 21, an exon loss in DMD related to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, and detection of a single base change resulting in a LOF variant in RUNX1 relevant to hereditary leukemia.
Our goal was to expose our viewers to the methods of conquering this vast NGS-based data and play a role in dissolving any feeling of intimidation. Overall, exome sequencing has the potential to vastly improve diagnostic outcomes and widen discoveries in the research related to prenatal testing, and Golden Helix products are designed to facilitate this process.
Similar to Carrier Screening Test for couples planning a baby (20)
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DECODING THE RISKS - ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGS.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
Introduction: Substance use education is crucial due to its prevalence and societal impact.
Alcohol Use: Immediate and long-term risks include impaired judgment, health issues, and social consequences.
Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
Drug Use: Risks vary depending on the drug type, including health and psychological implications.
Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...Ear Solutions (ESPL)
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2. Claria
From MedGenome
MedGenome is driven to enable clinicians to deliver the bes t outcomes to
their patients. Our passion to deliver actionable insights to clinicians has
resulted in the development of “Claria” - a suite of NGS (Next-Generation
Sequencing) technology-bas ed solutions for reproductive testing.
Claria offers the most accurate Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening Test (NIPT),
the Genetic Carrier Screening Test and the Preimplantation Genetic
Screening/Diagnosis (PGS/PGD).
Additionally, Claria offers an absolutely free, on-demand pre and post-test
genetic counselling to all your patients.
Carrier Screening
Test
Preimplantation
Genetic Screening
Non-Invasive
Prenatal Screening
test
3. Autosomal Recessive Disorders X-linked Recessive Disorders
Beta Thalassemia Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Sickle Cell Anaemia Haemophilia A/B
Cystic Fibrosis Hunter Syndrome
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Spinal Muscular Atrophy X-Lin ked Mental Retardation
Over 1,000,000
babies born with
genetic disorders
each year
1 in 100
babies born
with an
inherited disease20% to 30%
of all infant deaths
are due to genetic
disorders
Why is the screening test critical in India?
Carrier Screening Test
When a couple is planning for a pregnancy, it’s important that they know all
they can, about the wellness of their future family.
With state- of-the-art technology, high detection rates and an unparalleled service
model, the Claria Carrier Screening Test from MedGenome can help couples understand
and plan better for the future. The Claria Carrier Screening Test is a comprehensive
screening test that screens for genetic disorders and has the power to detect disease-
causing mutations in over 200 0 genes. Claria is bas ed on the best in class NGS and MLPA
technologies, and provides your patients with the most accurate and comprehensive
information they need when they are preparing for their pregnancy.
Over 50,000,000
people with
single gene
disorders
Most Common Genetic Disorders in India
4. Autosomal Recessive Disorders
X-Linked Recessive Disorders
AFFECTED UNAFFECTED CARRIER
AFFECTED
CHILD
CARRIER
CHILD
CARRIER
CHILD
UNAFFECTED
CHILD
CARRIER
FATHER
CARRIER
MOTHER
AFFECTED UNAFFECTED CARRIER
UNAFFECTED
CHILD
AFFECTED
CHILD CHILD
CARRIER
CHILD
UNAFFECTED
FATHER
CARRIER
MOTHER
UNAFFECTED
If the mother is a carrier for a X-linked disorder
• 50% chance of males to be affected
• Females are unaffected
If both parents are carriers
• 25% chance of the baby being unaffected
• 25% chance of the baby being affected
• 50% chance of the baby being a carrier
If one parent is affected and the other parent is a carrier
• 50% chance of the baby being affected
• 50% chance of the baby being a carrier
If only one parent is a carrier
• 50% chance of the baby being unaffected
• 50% chance of the baby being a carrier
5. Why screen for inherited genetic conditions?
#
Bell CJ, et al. Carrier Testing For Severe Childhood Recessive Diseases by NGS.
Sci Transl Med. 2011 Jan 12;3 (650:65ra4)
* Blythe and Farrell. Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cystic Fibrosis.
Clinical Biochemistry. 1984
• Each individual harbours an average of 2.8
known severe recessive mutations.#
• Carriers are usually healthy or unaffected;
but, they have a risk of passing on their genetic
condition to their children. Traditionally, carrier
screening has been offered to patients based on
their ethnic background or family history.
• However, more than 80% of babies born with
inherited genetic diseases have no known
family history.*
6. When should a couple get tested?
A couple can get tested in the following situations:
• Preconception- when the couple is planning for a baby
• Prenatal Diagnosis (early pregnancy)-with history of previous child
affected, for getting to know the status in present pregnancy
• Before an IVF procedure
• Before a Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (embryo selection)
• Before the use of a donor sperm and/or oocyte
Who should get tested?
Carrier testing helps determine one’s carrier status, and is an important step
of the family planning process.
The Claria Carrier Screening Test is recommended for all couples planning for a
pregnancy. However, the test is strongly recommended in the following cases:
• Consanguineous marriage
• Either partner is affected by a hereditary disorder
• History of a genetic disorder in the family
• History of multiple pregnancy losses
• Couple from an ethnic group with a high carrier rate of certain genetic disorders
• Congenital anomalies detected in children
7. How do we test for these disorders?
The Claria Carrier Screening Test is based on Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
to detect disease-causing mutations in over 2000 genes which are responsible
for the Autosomal Recessive and X-Linked Recessive genetic disorders.
Next-Generation Sequencing is a best in class and superior technology to detect
all common and rare disease-causing mutations while MLPA is used to detect
SMN, DMD, CYP21A2).
Our team of experts adhere to the recommendations of the American College
of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).
With three different panels available (Silver, Gold and Platinum), the Claria
Carrier Screening test offers the option of selecting the version that is best
suited to the couple or family.
Representative diagram only
SILVER-100GENES
GOLD-500GENES
PLATINUM-OVER2000GENES
8. Genotyping NGS
Usage Used by many companies
for routine carrier
screening
Used by a few providers to
comprehensively evaluate
the gene
Mutation
detection
Tests for a limited set of
common mutations
Tests for 5 to 10 times
more pathogenic
mutations, and detects all
common and rare
disease-causing mutations
Accuracy Provides limited utility
beyond Caucasian and
Jewish ethnicities
Delivers high accuracy
across ethnicities
Detection of
new pathogenic
mutations
Fails Enables the discovery of
rare and novel mutations
in a pan-ethnic population
Fails Low residual risk,
regardless of ethnicity
Next- Generation Sequencing vs Genotyping
9. Why trust the Claria Carrier Screening Test?
The Claria Carrier Screening Test screens for genetic variations, and diseases that are
The unique ‘Claria Carrier Screening Test’ is based on the Next-Generation Sequencing
(NGS) technology and leverages the Indian population genetic variant database created
by Sir Ganga Ram Hospital over the last twenty years. This has enabled MedGenome
to develop a highly focused and cost-effective test to screen for diseases and genetic
• Best in class accuracy and easily interpretable reporting
• Detection of all known common and rare disease-causing mutations
•
multilinguistic genetic counsellors
• Option of three customized screening panels covering over
2000 genes associated with AR/XLR disorders
• State-of-the-art labs based out of India, to process all samples with
immediate access to the status of the sample
• Higher accuracy and low residual risk, regardless of ethnicity
• Pan-India presence for easy sample collection
• Turnaround time of just 28 days for Silver and Gold panels and 42 days
for Platinum panel
10. 2. Sample
Blood sample
collected.
3. Testing
Samples are shipped
to MedGenome and
analyzed.
4. Reporting
Results sent to
physician in
5. Counselling
Our genetic counsellor
answer questions and provide
additional resources.4-6 weeks.
1. TRF*
Physician
orders the test.
The Test Process
How can I offer this test to my patients?
It’s very simple. To join our provider network, all you need to do is,
SMS CLARIA to 56767 Dial 1800 - 1037590
doctorsupport@medgenomeclaria.com
Our representative will get in touch with you within 24 hours to help you with the
registration. You can start prescribing the test right away and help your patients gain
clarity about their genetic health.
Order now
MedGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd.
3rd Floor, Narayana Netralaya Building,
Narayana Health City, #258/A,
Bommasandra, Hosur Road,
Bangalore – 560099
Toll free no: 1800-1037590 | SMS ‘CLARIA’ to 56767
www.medgenomeclaria.com | doctorsupport@medgenomeclaria.com