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Carga y descarga de un
capacitor
Mediciรณn de la constante ฯ„ (tiempo que tarda un capacitor en llegar al
63% de su capacidad total)
LABORATORIO Nยฐ3
Que buscamos con este laboratorio?
๏ต El objetivo del laboratorio es determinar la constante ๐œ por varios mรฉtodos distintos, mediante la
construcciรณn de un circuito elรฉctrico RC y comprender ademรกs la fรญsica detrรกs de dicho parรกmetro.
๐‘„ ๐‘ก = ๐ถ๐‘‰ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐‘…๐ถ
๐‘„ ๐‘ก = ๐ถ๐‘‰ ๐‘’
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐‘…๐ถ
Ecuaciรณn de CARGA de un capacitor
๐œ = ๐‘…๐ถ
Ecuaciรณn de DESCARGA de un capacitor
Tiempo que tarda un capacitor en llegar al 63% de su
capacidad total:
๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐‘…๐ถ
๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘’
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐‘…๐ถ
Experiencia de laboratorio:
-La catedra les solicitara que construyan dos circuitos con tiempos caracteristicos ๐œ entre 30 y
50 segundos
-A partir de este ๐œ, deben confeccionar el circuito RC segรบn la combinaciรณn de resistencias y
capacitores que estรฉn disponibles para su grupo.
-Que quiere decir esto? Que el circuito RC puede llegar a tener un arreglo de resistencias en
serie/paralelo para llegar al valor provisto por la catedra.
Una vez armado el circuito en el proto board, procedemos a realizar las mediciones
del voltaje en funciรณn del tiempo tanto de la carga como de la descarga del
capacitor.
La idea es obtener 4 valores de ๐œ y compararlos.
Los valores de ๐œ a obtener son:
โ€ข ๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™
โ€ข ๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž
โ€ข ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž
โ€ข ๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ
Cual es el ๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ ?
Es el ๐œ que proviene de la ecuaciรณn:
๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ = ๐‘…๐ถ ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™
Con R y C como los valores de la resistencia y la
capacitancia REALES medidas con el multรญmetro.
Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž ?
Voltaje (V) Tiempo (s)
Con las mediciones voy a obtener distintos valores de voltaje en funciรณn del tiempo
Dado que el grafico es una exponencial, para obtener los valores de ๐œ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž
tendremos que linealizar la ecuaciรณn de carga de un capacitor
๐ฟ๐‘› 1 โˆ’
๐‘‰(๐‘ก)
๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ
=
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐œ
Despejandoโ€ฆ
La pendiente de la recta va a ser: ๐‘š =
โˆ’1
๐œ
๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž =
โˆ’1
๐‘š
ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž
Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž ?
por lo tanto
๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐‘…๐ถ
Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž?
Voltaje (V) Tiempo (s)
Con las mediciones voy a obtener distintos valores de voltaje en funciรณn del tiempo
Dado que el grafico es una exponencial, para obtener los valores de ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž
tendremos que linealizar la ecuaciรณn de descarga de un capacitor
๐ฟ๐‘›
๐‘‰(๐‘ก)
๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ
=
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐œ
Despejandoโ€ฆ
La pendiente de la recta va a ser: ๐‘š =
โˆ’1
๐œ
๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž =
โˆ’1
๐‘š
ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž
Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž?
por lo tanto
๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘’
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐‘…๐ถ
Como obtengo el ๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ ?
Sabemos que cuando ๐‘ก = 1๐œ
๐‘‰1 = ๐‘‰
max 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’โˆ’1
= ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ0.63
๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’
โˆ’๐‘ก
๐‘…๐ถ
๐‘‰2 = ๐‘‰
max 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’โˆ’2
= ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ0.86
Sabemos que cuando ๐‘ก = 2๐œ
๐‘‰3 = ๐‘‰
max 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’โˆ’3
= ๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ0.95
Sabemos que cuando ๐‘ก = 3๐œ
๐‘‰
๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ
๐‘‰1
๐‘‰2
๐‘‰3
๐‘ก1 ๐‘ก2
๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ =
1
3
๐‘ก1 +
๐‘ก2
2
+
๐‘ก3
3
ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ
๐‘ก3
๐‘ก1
๐‘ก2
๐‘ก3
FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL PROTOBOARD
Carga y descarga de un capacitor

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Carga y descarga de un capacitor

  • 1. Carga y descarga de un capacitor Mediciรณn de la constante ฯ„ (tiempo que tarda un capacitor en llegar al 63% de su capacidad total) LABORATORIO Nยฐ3
  • 2. Que buscamos con este laboratorio? ๏ต El objetivo del laboratorio es determinar la constante ๐œ por varios mรฉtodos distintos, mediante la construcciรณn de un circuito elรฉctrico RC y comprender ademรกs la fรญsica detrรกs de dicho parรกmetro.
  • 3. ๐‘„ ๐‘ก = ๐ถ๐‘‰ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’ โˆ’๐‘ก ๐‘…๐ถ ๐‘„ ๐‘ก = ๐ถ๐‘‰ ๐‘’ โˆ’๐‘ก ๐‘…๐ถ Ecuaciรณn de CARGA de un capacitor ๐œ = ๐‘…๐ถ Ecuaciรณn de DESCARGA de un capacitor Tiempo que tarda un capacitor en llegar al 63% de su capacidad total: ๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’ โˆ’๐‘ก ๐‘…๐ถ ๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘’ โˆ’๐‘ก ๐‘…๐ถ
  • 4. Experiencia de laboratorio: -La catedra les solicitara que construyan dos circuitos con tiempos caracteristicos ๐œ entre 30 y 50 segundos -A partir de este ๐œ, deben confeccionar el circuito RC segรบn la combinaciรณn de resistencias y capacitores que estรฉn disponibles para su grupo. -Que quiere decir esto? Que el circuito RC puede llegar a tener un arreglo de resistencias en serie/paralelo para llegar al valor provisto por la catedra.
  • 5. Una vez armado el circuito en el proto board, procedemos a realizar las mediciones del voltaje en funciรณn del tiempo tanto de la carga como de la descarga del capacitor.
  • 6. La idea es obtener 4 valores de ๐œ y compararlos. Los valores de ๐œ a obtener son: โ€ข ๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ โ€ข ๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž โ€ข ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž โ€ข ๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ
  • 7. Cual es el ๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ ? Es el ๐œ que proviene de la ecuaciรณn: ๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ = ๐‘…๐ถ ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘™ Con R y C como los valores de la resistencia y la capacitancia REALES medidas con el multรญmetro.
  • 8. Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž ? Voltaje (V) Tiempo (s) Con las mediciones voy a obtener distintos valores de voltaje en funciรณn del tiempo
  • 9. Dado que el grafico es una exponencial, para obtener los valores de ๐œ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž tendremos que linealizar la ecuaciรณn de carga de un capacitor ๐ฟ๐‘› 1 โˆ’ ๐‘‰(๐‘ก) ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ = โˆ’๐‘ก ๐œ Despejandoโ€ฆ La pendiente de la recta va a ser: ๐‘š = โˆ’1 ๐œ ๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž = โˆ’1 ๐‘š ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ถ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž ? por lo tanto ๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’ โˆ’๐‘ก ๐‘…๐ถ
  • 10. Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž? Voltaje (V) Tiempo (s) Con las mediciones voy a obtener distintos valores de voltaje en funciรณn del tiempo
  • 11. Dado que el grafico es una exponencial, para obtener los valores de ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž tendremos que linealizar la ecuaciรณn de descarga de un capacitor ๐ฟ๐‘› ๐‘‰(๐‘ก) ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ = โˆ’๐‘ก ๐œ Despejandoโ€ฆ La pendiente de la recta va a ser: ๐‘š = โˆ’1 ๐œ ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž = โˆ’1 ๐‘š ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž Como obtengo el ๐œ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘”๐‘Ž? por lo tanto ๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘’ โˆ’๐‘ก ๐‘…๐ถ
  • 12. Como obtengo el ๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ ? Sabemos que cuando ๐‘ก = 1๐œ ๐‘‰1 = ๐‘‰ max 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’โˆ’1 = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ0.63 ๐‘‰ ๐‘ก = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’ โˆ’๐‘ก ๐‘…๐ถ ๐‘‰2 = ๐‘‰ max 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’โˆ’2 = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ0.86 Sabemos que cuando ๐‘ก = 2๐œ ๐‘‰3 = ๐‘‰ max 1 โˆ’ ๐‘’โˆ’3 = ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ0.95 Sabemos que cuando ๐‘ก = 3๐œ ๐‘‰ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘‰1 ๐‘‰2 ๐‘‰3 ๐‘ก1 ๐‘ก2 ๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ = 1 3 ๐‘ก1 + ๐‘ก2 2 + ๐‘ก3 3 ยฑ โˆ†๐œ๐บ๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘œ ๐‘ก3 ๐‘ก1 ๐‘ก2 ๐‘ก3