This document discusses nursing care for normal newborns. It covers immediate newborn care procedures like ensuring respiration and stabilizing temperature. It also discusses essential newborn care elements like providing optimal nutrition, preventing infection and injury through practices like eye care and umbilical cord care. The document outlines the components of the Apgar test used to evaluate newborns and describes routine daily care for neonates in the first week of life.
This document outlines the procedure for admitting newborns to the neonatal unit (NNU) at a hospital. It provides criteria for admission including gestational age under 35 weeks, birth weight under 2kg or over 3.5kg, inability to tolerate feeds, jaundice requiring treatment, respiratory distress, apnea, cyanosis, low Apgar scores, suspected sepsis, and certain maternal conditions. The procedure involves stabilizing any life-threatening issues, explaining the admission to parents, notifying NNU staff, documenting history and exams, checking blood glucose and temperature, and providing appropriate care and monitoring in conjunction with senior colleagues. Common investigations and treatments are also listed.
This book provides a practical approach to a broad range of procedures in obstetrics and gynaecology. As doctors practicing obstetrics and gynaecology, we care for women on a daily basis who are dependant on our level of practical competence. Our ability to perform a broad range of procedures enables us to in the very least improve the quality of life in women and often save the lives of mothers and babies. Authors have been selected by virtue of their experience with the procedure and the reader is therefore allowed to glean from their experience. This book is aimed at any physician requiring a practical approach to performing procedures in obstetrics and gynaecology. Houseman, interns, residents, registrars and junior specialists will find it very useful.
Author: Stephen Jeffrey
Institution: University of Cape Town
This resource is part of the African Health Open Educational Resources Network: http://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer. The original resource is also available from the authoring institution at http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/.
Creative Commons license: Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0
Neonatal resuscitation is intervention provided to newborn babies who need help breathing or with circulation after birth. It involves clearing and drying the airway, maintaining body temperature, initiating breathing through tactile stimulation or positive pressure ventilation, and administering chest compressions and medications if needed to support circulation. Proper preparation includes anticipating need, having adequate equipment like a resuscitation table, masks, oxygen, and medications, and ensuring trained personnel are present. Ongoing assessment of breathing, heart rate, and color determine if further resuscitation measures are required.
This document provides information on essential newborn care. It discusses the meaning of newborn care as a comprehensive strategy to improve health in the first 28 days after birth. The purpose is early detection of problems, helping the mother meet the baby's basic needs like breastfeeding and warmth, and educating the mother. Components include preparing the labor room, immediate newborn care, examinations in the first days and weeks, and educating the family. The summary describes some key aspects of immediate basic care for a newborn like drying, maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, identification, and administering vitamin K.
This document provides an introduction to midwifery and obstetrical nursing. It discusses the history and evolution of midwifery in India, from traditional dais (midwives) assisting with home births, to the establishment of formal midwifery training programs and certifications like Auxiliary Nurse Midwives. Today in India, there are several cadres of midwives including registered nurses with midwifery training, ANMs, and skilled birth attendants. The future of midwifery in India involves improving access to care and achieving safe motherhood.
This document outlines the procedure for admitting newborns to the neonatal unit (NNU) at a hospital. It provides criteria for admission including gestational age under 35 weeks, birth weight under 2kg or over 3.5kg, inability to tolerate feeds, jaundice requiring treatment, respiratory distress, apnea, cyanosis, low Apgar scores, suspected sepsis, and certain maternal conditions. The procedure involves stabilizing any life-threatening issues, explaining the admission to parents, notifying NNU staff, documenting history and exams, checking blood glucose and temperature, and providing appropriate care and monitoring in conjunction with senior colleagues. Common investigations and treatments are also listed.
This book provides a practical approach to a broad range of procedures in obstetrics and gynaecology. As doctors practicing obstetrics and gynaecology, we care for women on a daily basis who are dependant on our level of practical competence. Our ability to perform a broad range of procedures enables us to in the very least improve the quality of life in women and often save the lives of mothers and babies. Authors have been selected by virtue of their experience with the procedure and the reader is therefore allowed to glean from their experience. This book is aimed at any physician requiring a practical approach to performing procedures in obstetrics and gynaecology. Houseman, interns, residents, registrars and junior specialists will find it very useful.
Author: Stephen Jeffrey
Institution: University of Cape Town
This resource is part of the African Health Open Educational Resources Network: http://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer. The original resource is also available from the authoring institution at http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/.
Creative Commons license: Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0
Neonatal resuscitation is intervention provided to newborn babies who need help breathing or with circulation after birth. It involves clearing and drying the airway, maintaining body temperature, initiating breathing through tactile stimulation or positive pressure ventilation, and administering chest compressions and medications if needed to support circulation. Proper preparation includes anticipating need, having adequate equipment like a resuscitation table, masks, oxygen, and medications, and ensuring trained personnel are present. Ongoing assessment of breathing, heart rate, and color determine if further resuscitation measures are required.
This document provides information on essential newborn care. It discusses the meaning of newborn care as a comprehensive strategy to improve health in the first 28 days after birth. The purpose is early detection of problems, helping the mother meet the baby's basic needs like breastfeeding and warmth, and educating the mother. Components include preparing the labor room, immediate newborn care, examinations in the first days and weeks, and educating the family. The summary describes some key aspects of immediate basic care for a newborn like drying, maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, identification, and administering vitamin K.
This document provides an introduction to midwifery and obstetrical nursing. It discusses the history and evolution of midwifery in India, from traditional dais (midwives) assisting with home births, to the establishment of formal midwifery training programs and certifications like Auxiliary Nurse Midwives. Today in India, there are several cadres of midwives including registered nurses with midwifery training, ANMs, and skilled birth attendants. The future of midwifery in India involves improving access to care and achieving safe motherhood.
This document discusses newborn nutrition, including breastfeeding and formula feeding. It describes the nutritional needs of newborns and factors influencing feeding choices. Breastfeeding is recommended due to advantages for both mother and newborn. Formula is an alternative but provides inferior nutrition. The document also covers breastfeeding physiology, nursing care for breastfeeding women, and the composition of breast milk and infant formulas.
1) Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance with breathing right after delivery, while 1% require extensive resuscitation. Preparation for high-risk deliveries is key to successful outcomes.
2) The steps of neonatal resuscitation follow the ABCs - clear the airway, initiate breathing, and maintain circulation. Equipment, medications, and guidelines are reviewed to properly perform resuscitation.
3) If meconium is present, the provider should suction the mouth and nose before delivering the shoulders, and may need to intubate and suction if the infant is depressed. Medications like epinephrine may be needed if the heart rate is low after ventilation and chest compressions.
The document summarizes several minor ailments that can occur during pregnancy due to physiological changes. These include supine hypotension syndrome, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, edema, morning sickness, heartburn, acidity, constipation, leg cramps, backache, sleep disturbances, and increased urinary frequency. The causes and management of each condition are described. It is noted that while unpleasant, these minor issues typically resolve on their own or with conservative treatment. However, warning signs like excessive nausea/vomiting or bleeding should not be ignored as they could indicate more serious complications.
as a clinical nursing student...
i got opportunities to work as a nurse..
and also faced several incidents in which the children get fatal due to improper management thus i think that a study can be conducted on that topic...
for this study purpose i have created this, i hope that it be useful in educating people and on conducting research study on similar topic..
Current trends pediatric_nursing( MAYUR YADAV)Mayur Yadav
The document discusses current trends in pediatric nursing, including family-centered care, high-technology care, evidence-based practice, primary nursing, case management, child-oriented environments, atraumatic care, cost containment, applying the nursing process, and ethics in pediatric nursing. Key trends are a focus on empowering families, diagnostic advancements allowing for in-womb assessments, using the best research evidence to guide practice, primary nurses taking responsibility for small patient groups, assigning case managers to outpatients, creating child-friendly hospital environments, minimizing harm to patients, containing costs while providing quality care, and respecting patients' autonomy and providing truthful information.
1. Neonatal resuscitation may be required for 10% of newborns who need some assistance at birth and 1% who need extensive measures to transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
2. After birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and expansion of the lungs with air allows oxygen to diffuse across the alveoli as the pulmonary vessels dilate, increasing blood flow to the lungs.
3. If the transition is interrupted, the newborn may be apneic, have low muscle tone, respiratory depression, bradycardia or cyanosis, requiring the steps of resuscitation - assessing airway, providing breathing support and positive pressure ventilation if needed, giving chest compressions if
The document provides information on neonatal assessment. It discusses the purposes of newborn assessment including understanding well-being, detecting disease early, and determining needed treatment. It outlines the different phases of assessment including initial, transitional, and assessment of gestational age and systems. The initial assessment involves Apgar scoring. The document details the process for physical examinations of various body systems and measurements. Key reflexes of newborns are also outlined.
Historical perspective, trends, role of midwife in midwifery (1)Amandeep Jhinjar
A midwife is a person who has completed an accredited midwifery education program and is licensed to provide care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Midwives provide antenatal care, assist with normal deliveries, conduct postnatal care visits, and provide general health information and counseling to women and families. They work to ensure safe outcomes for both mothers and newborns by detecting complications, providing emergency care when needed, and referring more complex cases to medical professionals when required. The role of the midwife is to support women's health and the normal physiologic process of pregnancy and childbirth.
Drugs used in pregnancy, labor and puerperiumAnamika Ramawat
The document discusses drugs used during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. It provides information on folic acid, iron, calcium, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, tocolytic agents, oxytocics, analgesics, and anticoagulants. For each drug, it describes preparations, mode of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, dosage, and important nursing considerations. The document is intended to give nurses thorough knowledge of medications commonly administered during obstetric care.
Neonatal resuscitation is a set of interventions to assist newborns after birth with breathing, heart rate and circulation issues. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program provides guidelines for proper resuscitation procedures. The document outlines assessment steps, interventions for inadequate breathing or heart rate like positive pressure ventilation, intubation and chest compressions. It recommends use of pulse oximetry and targeting specific oxygen saturation ranges. Procedures are tailored based on gestational age and other risk factors. The latest guidelines emphasize thermoregulation and update certain practices based on recent evidence.
The document discusses the organization and setup of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). It describes the personnel, equipment, and facilities required in a NICU. Key personnel include neonatologists, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other support staff. Essential equipment includes incubators, monitors to assess vital signs, oxygen supplies, feeding equipment, and ventilators. Transport of sick infants to the NICU is also addressed, emphasizing the importance of stabilizing infants before transferring and maintaining their body temperature. Nurses play an important role in providing physical, emotional and family support to critically ill newborns in the NICU.
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the second leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, accounting for over 30% of maternal deaths in Africa and Asia. In Tanzania, almost 7,900 mothers die each year from childbirth or pregnancy complications, with PPH being one of the direct causes in 14.9% of cases. This case study examines a 33-year old woman admitted to Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Tanzania suffering from PPH, as evidenced by a hemoglobin level of 8.4 and excessive vaginal bleeding. She received IV fluids, oxytocin, uterine massage and monitoring to manage her fluid deficit, stabilize her vital signs and prevent infection at the placental attachment site.
Immediate care involves: Drying the baby with warm towels or cloths, while being placed on the mother's abdomen or in her arms. This mother-child skin-to-skin contact is important to maintain the baby's temperature, encourage bonding and expose the baby to the mother's skin bacteria
This document discusses several topics related to high-risk neonates and their neurodevelopmental outcomes. It begins by defining high-risk neonates as babies exposed to conditions that endanger their survival. Some factors that can contribute to high-risk status include high-risk pregnancies, medical illnesses in the mother, complications during labor, and neonatal medical conditions. The document then discusses several conditions in more detail, including hypothermia, hyperthermia, hypoglycemia, infants of diabetic mothers, and neonatal sepsis. It provides definitions, risk factors, clinical presentations, and management strategies for each of these conditions.
NICU CONCEPTS, STAFFING,PROTOCOLS, PHYSICAL LAYOUTJonils Macwan
The document provides information about the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It begins with welcoming parents to the NICU and congratulating them. It then discusses the concept, physical layout, nursing protocols, trends and procedures in the NICU. It provides details about NICU equipment, the roles of the healthcare team members, standards for unit configuration, location, family areas, safety and isolation rooms. The overall document aims to educate parents on what to expect in the NICU and how it is designed and operated to care for newborn infants requiring medical attention.
The Student Nurses' Association of India (SNAI) was established in 1929 under the umbrella organization of the Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI). SNAI aims to promote professional and social unity among nursing students. It holds conferences and competitions to encourage leadership, professional development, and social activities among its approximately 150,000 members across 900 student units. Benefits of SNAI membership include scholarships, participation in national conferences, opportunities for publication, and access to TNAI facilities and publications.
This document provides information on assessing and treating infants and children in emergency situations. Some key points:
- Children require different care than adults due to anatomical and physiological differences. Their airways are smaller and more easily blocked.
- When interacting with injured children, remain calm and reassure them. Explain procedures and keep parents informed.
- Common emergencies in children include respiratory issues like croup, asthma, bronchiolitis; shock; seizures; and trauma from accidents.
- Assessments follow the same steps as adults but account for a child's developmental level. Correct life-threats like airway obstructions immediately.
This document provides guidance on newborn care and management. It discusses immediate newborn care steps like drying and warming the baby. It outlines the criteria for a normal healthy newborn and basic newborn needs like temperature regulation and breastfeeding initiation. The document also covers newborn resuscitation procedures if breathing issues arise, including steps for bag and mask ventilation and chest compressions. Potential risk factors for breathing problems and ensuring proper equipment is emphasized.
This document discusses newborn nutrition, including breastfeeding and formula feeding. It describes the nutritional needs of newborns and factors influencing feeding choices. Breastfeeding is recommended due to advantages for both mother and newborn. Formula is an alternative but provides inferior nutrition. The document also covers breastfeeding physiology, nursing care for breastfeeding women, and the composition of breast milk and infant formulas.
1) Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance with breathing right after delivery, while 1% require extensive resuscitation. Preparation for high-risk deliveries is key to successful outcomes.
2) The steps of neonatal resuscitation follow the ABCs - clear the airway, initiate breathing, and maintain circulation. Equipment, medications, and guidelines are reviewed to properly perform resuscitation.
3) If meconium is present, the provider should suction the mouth and nose before delivering the shoulders, and may need to intubate and suction if the infant is depressed. Medications like epinephrine may be needed if the heart rate is low after ventilation and chest compressions.
The document summarizes several minor ailments that can occur during pregnancy due to physiological changes. These include supine hypotension syndrome, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, edema, morning sickness, heartburn, acidity, constipation, leg cramps, backache, sleep disturbances, and increased urinary frequency. The causes and management of each condition are described. It is noted that while unpleasant, these minor issues typically resolve on their own or with conservative treatment. However, warning signs like excessive nausea/vomiting or bleeding should not be ignored as they could indicate more serious complications.
as a clinical nursing student...
i got opportunities to work as a nurse..
and also faced several incidents in which the children get fatal due to improper management thus i think that a study can be conducted on that topic...
for this study purpose i have created this, i hope that it be useful in educating people and on conducting research study on similar topic..
Current trends pediatric_nursing( MAYUR YADAV)Mayur Yadav
The document discusses current trends in pediatric nursing, including family-centered care, high-technology care, evidence-based practice, primary nursing, case management, child-oriented environments, atraumatic care, cost containment, applying the nursing process, and ethics in pediatric nursing. Key trends are a focus on empowering families, diagnostic advancements allowing for in-womb assessments, using the best research evidence to guide practice, primary nurses taking responsibility for small patient groups, assigning case managers to outpatients, creating child-friendly hospital environments, minimizing harm to patients, containing costs while providing quality care, and respecting patients' autonomy and providing truthful information.
1. Neonatal resuscitation may be required for 10% of newborns who need some assistance at birth and 1% who need extensive measures to transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
2. After birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and expansion of the lungs with air allows oxygen to diffuse across the alveoli as the pulmonary vessels dilate, increasing blood flow to the lungs.
3. If the transition is interrupted, the newborn may be apneic, have low muscle tone, respiratory depression, bradycardia or cyanosis, requiring the steps of resuscitation - assessing airway, providing breathing support and positive pressure ventilation if needed, giving chest compressions if
The document provides information on neonatal assessment. It discusses the purposes of newborn assessment including understanding well-being, detecting disease early, and determining needed treatment. It outlines the different phases of assessment including initial, transitional, and assessment of gestational age and systems. The initial assessment involves Apgar scoring. The document details the process for physical examinations of various body systems and measurements. Key reflexes of newborns are also outlined.
Historical perspective, trends, role of midwife in midwifery (1)Amandeep Jhinjar
A midwife is a person who has completed an accredited midwifery education program and is licensed to provide care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Midwives provide antenatal care, assist with normal deliveries, conduct postnatal care visits, and provide general health information and counseling to women and families. They work to ensure safe outcomes for both mothers and newborns by detecting complications, providing emergency care when needed, and referring more complex cases to medical professionals when required. The role of the midwife is to support women's health and the normal physiologic process of pregnancy and childbirth.
Drugs used in pregnancy, labor and puerperiumAnamika Ramawat
The document discusses drugs used during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. It provides information on folic acid, iron, calcium, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, tocolytic agents, oxytocics, analgesics, and anticoagulants. For each drug, it describes preparations, mode of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, dosage, and important nursing considerations. The document is intended to give nurses thorough knowledge of medications commonly administered during obstetric care.
Neonatal resuscitation is a set of interventions to assist newborns after birth with breathing, heart rate and circulation issues. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program provides guidelines for proper resuscitation procedures. The document outlines assessment steps, interventions for inadequate breathing or heart rate like positive pressure ventilation, intubation and chest compressions. It recommends use of pulse oximetry and targeting specific oxygen saturation ranges. Procedures are tailored based on gestational age and other risk factors. The latest guidelines emphasize thermoregulation and update certain practices based on recent evidence.
The document discusses the organization and setup of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). It describes the personnel, equipment, and facilities required in a NICU. Key personnel include neonatologists, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other support staff. Essential equipment includes incubators, monitors to assess vital signs, oxygen supplies, feeding equipment, and ventilators. Transport of sick infants to the NICU is also addressed, emphasizing the importance of stabilizing infants before transferring and maintaining their body temperature. Nurses play an important role in providing physical, emotional and family support to critically ill newborns in the NICU.
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the second leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, accounting for over 30% of maternal deaths in Africa and Asia. In Tanzania, almost 7,900 mothers die each year from childbirth or pregnancy complications, with PPH being one of the direct causes in 14.9% of cases. This case study examines a 33-year old woman admitted to Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Tanzania suffering from PPH, as evidenced by a hemoglobin level of 8.4 and excessive vaginal bleeding. She received IV fluids, oxytocin, uterine massage and monitoring to manage her fluid deficit, stabilize her vital signs and prevent infection at the placental attachment site.
Immediate care involves: Drying the baby with warm towels or cloths, while being placed on the mother's abdomen or in her arms. This mother-child skin-to-skin contact is important to maintain the baby's temperature, encourage bonding and expose the baby to the mother's skin bacteria
This document discusses several topics related to high-risk neonates and their neurodevelopmental outcomes. It begins by defining high-risk neonates as babies exposed to conditions that endanger their survival. Some factors that can contribute to high-risk status include high-risk pregnancies, medical illnesses in the mother, complications during labor, and neonatal medical conditions. The document then discusses several conditions in more detail, including hypothermia, hyperthermia, hypoglycemia, infants of diabetic mothers, and neonatal sepsis. It provides definitions, risk factors, clinical presentations, and management strategies for each of these conditions.
NICU CONCEPTS, STAFFING,PROTOCOLS, PHYSICAL LAYOUTJonils Macwan
The document provides information about the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It begins with welcoming parents to the NICU and congratulating them. It then discusses the concept, physical layout, nursing protocols, trends and procedures in the NICU. It provides details about NICU equipment, the roles of the healthcare team members, standards for unit configuration, location, family areas, safety and isolation rooms. The overall document aims to educate parents on what to expect in the NICU and how it is designed and operated to care for newborn infants requiring medical attention.
The Student Nurses' Association of India (SNAI) was established in 1929 under the umbrella organization of the Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI). SNAI aims to promote professional and social unity among nursing students. It holds conferences and competitions to encourage leadership, professional development, and social activities among its approximately 150,000 members across 900 student units. Benefits of SNAI membership include scholarships, participation in national conferences, opportunities for publication, and access to TNAI facilities and publications.
This document provides information on assessing and treating infants and children in emergency situations. Some key points:
- Children require different care than adults due to anatomical and physiological differences. Their airways are smaller and more easily blocked.
- When interacting with injured children, remain calm and reassure them. Explain procedures and keep parents informed.
- Common emergencies in children include respiratory issues like croup, asthma, bronchiolitis; shock; seizures; and trauma from accidents.
- Assessments follow the same steps as adults but account for a child's developmental level. Correct life-threats like airway obstructions immediately.
This document provides guidance on newborn care and management. It discusses immediate newborn care steps like drying and warming the baby. It outlines the criteria for a normal healthy newborn and basic newborn needs like temperature regulation and breastfeeding initiation. The document also covers newborn resuscitation procedures if breathing issues arise, including steps for bag and mask ventilation and chest compressions. Potential risk factors for breathing problems and ensuring proper equipment is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of patient assessment for first responders. It discusses conducting a scene size-up to identify potential hazards, using body substance isolation precautions, and ensuring scene safety. The initial assessment involves checking the patient's responsiveness, airway, breathing, and circulation to identify any immediate life threats. Additional steps covered include considering the mechanism of injury, nature of illness, and need for additional resources.
Spinal bifida is a birth defect where the spinal column does not fully close around the spinal cord. It can range from mild where there are no symptoms to severe where nerves and the cord itself protrude out of the open spine. Causes include genetic factors and folic acid deficiency. Treatment depends on severity but may include surgery to close the opening and address any complications like hydrocephalus. Nursing care focuses on preventing infection, monitoring for complications, and teaching parents how to care for the child's needs.
The document provides guidance on newborn care including assessing risk factors prior to birth, performing initial steps like providing warmth, clearing airways, and stimulating the newborn, and guidance on positive pressure ventilation, CPAP, and other resuscitative measures for newborns who require assistance with breathing. It outlines signs that indicate the need for interventions and emphasizes close monitoring of heart rate and oxygen saturation levels to evaluate response to treatments.
The document provides guidance on responding to pediatric emergencies. It emphasizes that treatment begins with communication and psychological support of both the child and caregivers. It describes common fears in children during emergencies and strategies for assessment and care according to a child's age and development. Key steps include allowing infants and young children to remain with caregivers, speaking calmly, minimizing pain, and giving age-appropriate explanations. The document outlines anatomical and physiological considerations, vital signs, techniques for airway management and ventilation support, and approaches to specific medical conditions commonly encountered in pediatric emergencies.
This document provides guidance on essential newborn care including immediate care at birth, daily routine care, and harmful traditional practices. Immediate care involves maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, identifying the newborn, vitamin K injection, and initiating breastfeeding. Daily routine care consists of warmth, breastfeeding, skin care, cord care, eye care, clothing, and monitoring growth through measurements. The document outlines harmful traditional practices to avoid for newborn care.
The document discusses postnatal care and management. It defines puerperium as the period following childbirth when the body's tissues, especially the pelvic organs, return to their non-pregnant state over approximately 6 weeks. It outlines the principal goals of postnatal management as restoring the mother's health, preventing infection, promoting breastfeeding, and providing contraceptive information. It also describes various postnatal exercises that can help recovery.
The document discusses the components and goals of Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS). PALS involves assessing and supporting pulmonary and circulatory functions before, during, and after cardiac arrest in children. It utilizes basic life support techniques as well as advanced medical devices and pharmacological interventions. The document outlines the initial diagnosis process using ABCDE (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure), as well as secondary diagnosis involving a focused history and physical exam. Key resuscitation tools like intraosseous access and bag-mask ventilation are also described. The ultimate goal of PALS is to save children's lives during medical emergencies.
The document provides guidance on the immediate care of newborns. It outlines objectives like ensuring respiration, preventing infection, caring for the umbilical cord and eyes, stabilizing temperature, and identifying the infant. Procedures covered include gentle delivery to prevent injury, establishing breathing, applying eye ointment, clamping the cord, providing warmth, and recording observations. The Apgar score is described to evaluate breathing, heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes and color. Maintaining sterility and the health of both mother and baby are primary goals of immediate newborn care.
Birth asphyxia occurs when a baby fails to breathe at birth and can lead to neonatal mortality. It is caused by factors that obstruct breathing such as meconium aspiration or complications during delivery. Symptoms may include abnormal skin tone, lack of crying, and low heart rate. Diagnosis involves assessing signs, using the Apgar score, and determining acid-base balance. Treatment involves clearing the airways, stimulating breathing, warming the baby, and providing ventilation and oxygen as needed. Nursing care focuses on resuscitation and monitoring for complications like brain damage or developmental delays. While immediate effects include acidosis and respiratory issues, long-term effects of severe asphyxia can be cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, or
This document provides a summary of basic life support principles for children. It outlines the steps of DRSABCD (Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillation) and how they differ for children compared to adults. Key differences for children include using two fingers to do chest compressions on infants and assessing response using the COWS method of talking and touching. The document emphasizes starting CPR immediately if a child is unresponsive and not breathing normally.
Neonatal resuscitation involves a series of actions to assist newborns having difficulty transitioning from the womb to outside world. It has evolved over time from techniques like chest compressions to modern practices like providing positive pressure ventilation and supplemental oxygen. International guidelines developed by ILCOR provide evidence-based recommendations for newborn resuscitation. These guidelines are updated every 5 years based on the latest research findings. The goal of newborn resuscitation is to quickly establish breathing and a heart rate above 60 beats per minute through airway management, ventilation, chest compressions and medications if needed. Hypothermia prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia are also important aspects of newborn care after resuscitation.
This document provides information on essential newborn care including maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, vitamin K injection, breastfeeding initiation and daily routine care like warmth, feeding, bathing and observation. It discusses Apgar scoring and harmful traditional practices. Key aspects of care include cleanliness, warmth, breastfeeding and monitoring of vital signs and growth. Nursing diagnoses related to airway, thermoregulation and infection risk are also mentioned.
This document describes several neonatal reflexes present in newborn infants, including Moro's reflex, the palmar grasp, tonic neck reflex, rooting reflex, and sucking reflex. These reflexes are unconditioned responses to specific stimuli and help assess neurodevelopment. The document provides details on what elicits each reflex, the typical response, when they appear and disappear during development, and potential abnormalities if a reflex is absent, exaggerated, or persists beyond the normal timeframe. Understanding neonatal reflexes is important for evaluating infant development and identifying possible neurodevelopmental issues.
if normal newborn is born ,so we can develop healthy nation and develop the healthy nation ,normal newborn parameters,so it can help the identification of newborn problems.
This document provides guidance on managing obstetric and gynecological emergencies in the field. It discusses predelivery evaluations, normal delivery procedures, complications like preterm birth and meconium, and abnormal deliveries involving issues like breech presentation or prolapsed cords. It also addresses managing vaginal bleeding, trauma to external genitalia, and sexual assault, emphasizing comprehensive patient assessment, care, and timely transportation to a hospital. Review questions assess knowledge on dealing with predelivery issues, abnormal deliveries, and handling sexual assault incidents.
The document provides information on essential newborn care including the eight steps of essential newborn care. The eight steps include: delivering the baby onto the mother's abdomen; drying the baby with a warm towel; assessing breathing and color; tying and cutting the umbilical cord; placing the baby in skin-to-skin contact with the mother and initiating breastfeeding; giving eye care with tetracycline ointment; giving vitamin K injection; and weighing the baby. The document also discusses birth asphyxia, low birth weight, ear problems, throat problems, conjunctivitis, and bacterial skin infections.
This document discusses nursing care for patients with cleft lip and cleft palate. It covers topics like types of cleft lip and palate, associated problems, management including surgical and nonsurgical approaches, and the roles of nurses. Specific nursing care is outlined for prenatal consultation, labor and delivery, pre-operative care, post-operative care including feeding instructions, and a case study example is provided.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
1. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
NURSING CARE OFANORMAL NEWBORN
2. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
CARE OF NORMAL NEWBORN
The care babies receive and the bond they form with
their parents during the first several weeks of life
have many effects
These factors influence the growth and development
of healthy infants and the closeness of the entire
family
Nurse play a special role as a teacher and advocate
Care of newborn is broadly divided into :
1. Immediate newborn care
2. Essential newborn care
3. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
IMMEDIATE NEWBORN CARE
4. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
When the head is delivered wipe the mouth, and nose with gauze
When the baby is fully born place the baby on a clean, dry towel or
blanket on the mothers abdomen
Note the time of birth and sex of the baby and announce them loudly
enough to inform the mother
Wipe the eyes and face and thoroughly dry the baby
Stimulate the baby while drying by rubbing up and down along the
baby’s spine
If the baby is not crying or breathing well within 30 seconds of birth
clamp and cut the cord and begin resuscitation
5. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
6. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
IMMEDIATE NEWBORN CARE
1.Establishment and maintenance of respiration
2.Stabilization and maintenance of body temperature
3. Prevention of infection and injury
4. Provision of optimal nutrition
7. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
1. Establishment and maintenance of respiration
it is necessary that the neonate cry lustily
periodically
Failure to cry may be due to obstruction of the air
passage by mucus
The oropharynx & nasopharynx are suctioned with
a bulb syringe or a catheter connected to suction as
soon as the head is delivered
8.
9. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
To establish and maintain respiration:
Wipe mouth and nose of secretions after delivery
of the head.
Compress bulb syringe before inserting
Suction mouth first, then, the nose
Insert bulb syringe in one side of the mouth
10.
11. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
A crying baby is a breathing baby.
Stimulate the baby to cry if baby does not cry
spontaneously, or if the cry is weak.
Do not slap the buttocks rather rub the soles of the feet.
Stimulate to cry after secretions are removed.
The normal infant cry is loud and husky.
Observe for the following abnormal cry:
High pitched cry – indicates hypoglycaemia, increased
intracranial pressure.
Weak cry – prematurity
Hoarse cry – laryngeal Stridor
12. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
13. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
If the neonate is apnoeic or has gasping respirations,
positive-pressure ventilation is needed. (PPV)
The heart rate is quickly assessed by grasping the base
of the cord or by auscultating the left chest with a
stethoscope.
It should be greater than 100 beats/min.
The newborn’s trunk and lips should be pink
Acrocyanosis is a normal finding
14. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Neonatal asphyxia & Hypoxia
If an infant fail to establish adequate, sustained respiration after birth, the
infant is said to have neonatal asphyxia
Hypoxia is defined as too little oxygen in the cells of the body
It can occur in the fetus or newborn
If the placenta fails to provide the fetus with enough oxygen hypoxia will result
and cause fetal distress
Similarly, with failure to breathe well after delivery, the newborn will develop
hypoxia
As a result heart rate falls, central cyanosis develops and the baby becomes
hypotonic and unresponsive
15. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
APGAR SCORE
The very first test given to a newborn, occurs in the delivery or
birthing room right after the baby’s birth
The test was designed to quickly evaluate a newborn’s physical
condition and to see if there is an immediate need for extra medical or
emergency care
The Apgar score was developed in 1952 by an anaesthesiologist
named VIRGINIA APGAR
16. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
APGAR
A - Appearance (skin colour)
P – Pulse (heart rate)
G - Grimace (reflexes)
A – Activity (muscle tone)
R – Respiration (respiratory effort)
17. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
The Apgar test is usually given to a baby twice.
Once at 1 minute after birth and again at 5 minutes after birth.
Sometimes if there are concerns about the baby’s condition or the
score at 5 minutes is low, the test may be scored for a third time at 10
minutes after birth.
Five factors are used to evaluate the baby’s condition and each factor
is scored on a scale of 0 to 2, with 2 being the best score.
18. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
19. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Apgar scoring.....
Total score = 10
No depression : 7-10
Mild depression : 4-6
Severe depression : 0-3
20. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Causes of lowApgar score
1. Fetal distress due to hypoxia before delivery
2. Preterm infant
3. Difficult or traumatic delivery
4. Severe respiratory distress
All newborns with a 1 minute Apgar score below 7
require resuscitation
21. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
If stimulation, positioning, suctioning fail to start
breathing, the infant needs mask ventilation.
Intubation and ventilation
Chest compression
22. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
23. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
2. Stabilization and maintenance of body temperature
The temperature of the newborn usually drops immediately
after birth
It is the responsibility of the nurse to stabilize and maintain
neonate body temperature by achieving a balance between
heat production and heat loss.
24. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Brown fat
a type of fat present in newborns and rarely found
in adults.
Brown fat is a unique source of heat energy for
the infant because it has greater thermogenic
activity than ordinary fat.
Brown fat deposits occur around the kidneys,
neck, and upper chest.
25. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
26. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Body heat may be lost to the environment by
a) Evaporation
b) Radiation
c) Conduction
d) Convection
27. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Evaporation
At birth amniotic fluid which covers the body of the newborn evaporates
resulting in body heat loss
The nurse can prevent this heat loss by
drying the hair and skin with warm, soft, dry towels
placing the baby on the mother’s body by wrapping the neonate in
blankets
or by putting the neonate into a heated environment such as a radiant
warmer.
Bathing should not be done until the temperature is normal and stable
29. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Radiation
Radiation occurs when the newborn is placed in a crib near a cold
wall, window or air conditioner
If the neonate is placed on a cold surface during examination the
baby loses heat by conduction
Placing the neonate in direct contact with cold air or air currents
increases heat loss by convection
30. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Methods of heat loss
31. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
32. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
The nurse must attempt to maintain the temperature within a normal
range 36.5 to 37.5 Celsius (97.7 to 99.9 ) rectally for normal or large
newborns
35 to 36.5 Celsius (95 to 97.7 F) for those who weigh 1500 gm or less
at birth
The newborn can be dressed in a shirt and diaper and covered with
blankets as needed
The head can be covered with a cap and the foot with booties if heat
loss is a problem.
33. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
3. Prevention of infection and injury
Identification of the baby
Eye care
Vitamin K administration
Hepatitis B vaccine administration
Bathing
Care of the umbilicus
Circumcision
34. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Identification
The nurse must verify that identifying bands are securely
fastened and verify the information such as
o name
o gender
o mother’s admission number
o date & time of birth against the birth records
Electronic tags that give off a radio frequency may also be
used to prevent newborn abductions
35. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
36. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Eye care
Prophylactic eye treatment against opthalmia
neonatorum, infectious conjunctivitis of the newborn
includes
Silver nitrate 1 % solution
Erythromycin 0.5%
Tetracycline 1%
A 14 day course of oral erythromycin or an oral
sulfonamide may be given for Chlamydia conjunctivitis
37. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Vitamin K administration
After birth vitamin k is administered as a single intramuscular (vastus
lateralis) dose of 0.5 to 1 mg to prevent hemorrhagic diseases of the
newborn
Vitamin k is synthesised by the intestinal flora
The infants intestine is sterile at birth and because breast milk
contains low levels of vitamin k, the supply is inadequate for at least
the first 3 or 4 days
38. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
39. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Hepatitis B vaccine administration
To decrease the incidence of hepatitis B virus in children and
its serious consequences, cirrhosis and liver cancer in
adulthood the first of three doses of hepatitis B vaccine is
recommended soon after birth and before hospital discharge
40. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Bathing
Bathing is usually performed after the vital signs have stabilized
Nurses should wear gloves when handling the newborn until blood
and amniotic fluid are removed by bathing
Frequently normal variations such as Epstein pearls, Mongolian spots
or stork bites cause parents much worry because they are unaware of
the significance of such findings.
41. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Bathing......
One of the most important considerations in skin cleansing is
preservation of the skin’s Acid mantle
The infants skin surface has a pH of about 5 soon after birth and the
bacteriostatic effects of this pH are significant
Consequently only plain warm water or soap with appropriate ph
should be used for the bath.
Alkaline soaps, oils, powder and lotions are not used because they
alter the acid mantle, thus providing a medium for bacterial growth
42. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Care of the umbilicus
After delivery the umbilical cord is either clamped or tied
before the cord is cut.
baby's umbilical cord stump will change from bluish
white to black as it dries out and eventually falls off
The cord stump develops dry gangrene and falls off
between 7 and 10 days after birth
The area should be washed gently with water and a mild
soap and dried well
43. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Parents should be taught the care of the cord and
the possible problems that may arise.
Any indications of infection around the umbilicus
such as a reddened area or a foul discharge should
be reported promptly
44. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Circumcision
It is the surgical removal of the foreskin on the
glans penis
45. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
4. Provision of optimal nutrition
Selection of a feeding method is one of the major
decisions faced by parents
In general there are three acceptable choices
Human milk (Breast milk)
Commercially prepared whole cow’s milk formula
Modified evaporated cow’s milk
46. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE
47. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
48. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Essential newborn care (ENC)
ENC is a care that every newborn baby needs
regardless of where it is born or its size.
ENC should be applied immediately after the baby is
born and continued for at least the first 7 days after
birth
49. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
CONCEPT OF ENC
Basic care – includes interventions for all infants to
meet their physiological needs
Special care – required for a small group of newborns
because diseases acquired before, during or after birth
and/or because they are born too soon/small
50. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
The normal term babies should be kept with their
mothers rather than in a separate nursery
Bedding-in or Rooming-in promotes :
better emotional bondage,
prevents cross infection
establishes breast feeding easily.
51. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
52. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome – SIDS (Cot death)
Sudden unexplained death of a child less than one year of
age
It occurs during sleep for unknown cause
Associated with defects in the portion of an infant’s brain
that controls breathing and arousal from sleep.
combination of physical and sleep environmental factors
53. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
54. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Daily routine care of Neonates
Warmth
Breastfeeding
Skin care
Baby bath
Care of the umbilical cord
Care of the eyes
General care
Observation
Weight recording
Immunization
Follow up and advice
55. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Warmth
Keeping the baby dry
Wrapping the baby with adequate clothing in two layers
Baby should be kept by the side of the mother
Bathing is avoided to prevent hypothermia and infections
56. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Breastfeeding
Baby should be put to the mother’s breast within half an hour of birth
Colostrum feeding must be offered
Initially the feeding should be given in short interval of 1 to 2 hours
and then every 2 to 3 hours
Exclusive breastfeeding procedure should be explained to the
mother and family members
57. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Skin care
The baby must be cleaned off blood, mucus and meconium by gentle
wiping before he or she is presented to the mother
No bath especially dip bath should be given till the umbilical cord has
fallen off
No vigorous attempts should be made to remove the vernix caseosa
as it provides protection to the delicate skin.
58. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Baby bath
Bathing should be avoided in open place
It should be given using warm water in a warm room gently and
quickly and gently
Use of olive oil or coconut oil can be allowed after 3 to 4 weeks of age.
Oil massage improves circulation and muscle tone
During winter months the baby should have sponge bath rather than
dip bath to avoid cold stress or hypothermia
59. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Care of the umbilical cord
The umbilical cord is cut about 2 to 3 cm from the naval with
aseptic precautions during delivery
No dressing should be applied and the cord should be kept
open and dry
The cord must be inspected for bleeding and signs of infection
60. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Care of the eyes
Eyes should be cleaned at birth and once every day using sterile
cotton swabs soaked in sterile water or normal saline
Application of kajal in the eyes must be avoided to prevent infection or
lead poisoning
Eyes should be observed for redness, sticky discharge or excessive
tearing
61. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
General care
Baby should be kept with the mother in a well
ventilated room
No infected person should take care or touch the
baby
General cleanliness to be maintained and
surroundings to be kept clean
Wet nappies should be changed immediately
62. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
observation
The baby should be thoroughly observed twice daily for early
detection of any abnormalities
Temperature, pulse, respiration, feeding behaviours, stool, urine
and sleeping pattern should be assessed
Mouth, eyes, cord and skin should be looked for any infections
63. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Weight recording
The average daily weight gain in healthy term babies is
about 30 g/day in the first month of life
It is 20 g/day in the second month and 10 g/day
afterwards during the first year of life
Most infants double their birth weight by 4 to 5 months
64. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Immunization
In institutional delivery all neonates should be immunized with BCG
vaccine and ‘O’ dose OPV, hepatitis B vaccine can be administered at
birth as first dose and other two doses in one month and 6 months of
age.
Mother should be informed about the recommended national
immunization schedule
65. Rajesh .P Joseph, Associate Professor, Sumandeep Nursing college, SVDU
Follow-up and advice
Each infant should be followed up at least once every month for first
3 months and subsequently 3 months interval till one year of age
Follow up is necessary for assessment of growth and development,
early detection and management of health problems and health
education for prevention of childhood illnesses