This document discusses various cardiovascular techniques and procedures. It begins with an introduction to atherosclerosis and the role of statins. It then discusses biomarkers for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome. Various imaging techniques are covered like ECG, echocardiography, SPECT, MRI, coronary angiography, OCT. Interventional procedures like PTCA, TAVI, ASD closure, pacemakers, IABP, EECP, ECMO, LVAD and artificial hearts are also summarized. The document emphasizes how biotechnology has advanced healthcare through more effective treatments and safer medications developed via genetic engineering.

1. Technique
in
Cardiovascular System
BY
Dr. Naveen Sharma
Cosultant cardiology
Ssb hospital , faridabad

2. Introduction

5. Atherosclerosis
The thickening and hardening of arterial walls as a
consequence of atheroma
• Atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries can obstruct
blood flow.
• leading to an imbalance in myocardial oxygen supply
and demand that presents as stable angina or an acute
coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction [MI] or
unstable angina).

8. ROLE OF STATINS

11. Angina pectoris
angina pectoris is a characteristic:
• Sudden, severe, crushing
chest pain that may radiate
to the neck, jaw, back, and
arms.
• Patients may also present
with dyspnea or
• Atypical symptoms such
as indigestion, nausea,
vomiting, or diaphoresis.

12. Biomarkers in cardiovascular
disease
• In a patient presenting to the emergency department
with acute severe chest pain (suspected acute coronary
syndrome),
• a biomarker may help to differentiate patients with an
acute myocardial infarction (MI) from those with
unstable angina (eg, troponin I or T), acute pulmonary
embolism (eg, D-dimer or ventilation perfusion scan),
• .the extent of myocardial damage (eg, troponin); the
severity of underlying coronary disease (eg, coronary
angiography); and progression to heart failure (eg, B-
type natriuretic peptide [BNP]).

17. NT-ProBNP

19. Ecg

20. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be an aid to
interpreting ECG results, helping healthcare staff to
diagnose diseases that affect the heart.

21. Echocardiography

22. STRAIN

23. Role of NO cardiovascular
sysytem
• In the cardiovascular system, NO is an
important determinant of basal vascular
tone, prevents platelet activation, limits
leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, and
regulates myocardial contractility

26. SPECT imaging of perfusion and
function
• After injection of radiotracer isotope is
extracted from blood by viable myocyte
• Photons are emiited from the myocardium
in proprtion of its magnitute of tracer uptake
, in turn related to perfusion
• Gamma camera captures the gamma rays
and converts into informational data

28. Cardiovascular MRI and contrast
agent
• Gadolinium –based contrast agent
• Appx after 15 min of injection transient
plateu of GBCA is reached .myocardial
perfusionCMR and most type of MRA
Are perfomed during ist phase , late
gadolinium enhancement are obtained
during equilibrium phase .

29. • . Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are a new class of
contrast agents with unique properties that provide
special opportunities in cardiovascular molecular
imaging.
• IONs are captured by macrophages and can be
successfully used in the detection and evaluation of
atherosclerotic plaques, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and
inflammations related to myocardial infarction..

30. Coronary angiography
• A procedure where an X-ray of the coronary
arteries is taken after injection of a dye to
look for blockages.

31. Ptca
• is a minimally invasive procedure to open up
blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to
circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle 1).
Angioplasty involves temporarily inserting and
inflating a tiny balloon where your artery is
clogged to help widen the artery. PTCA has
become the method of choice to treat
patients with heart attack

32. OCT
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a
invasive imaging technique that produces high
resolution intracoronary images. Its general
principle of operation is similar to IVUS,
however OCT uses infrared light, not
ultrasound.

33. Type of prosthetic valve

34. TAVI
• minimally invasive procedure a new valve is
inserted without removing the old, damaged
valve

35. Asd device closure

36. PACEMAKER

37. IABP

38. EECP

39. ECMO
• In extracorporeal membrane
oxygenation (ECMO), blood is
pumped outside body to a
heart-lung machine that
removes carbon dioxide and
sends oxygen-filled blood
back to tissues in the body.
Blood flows from the right
side of the heart to the
membrane oxygenator in the
heart-lung machine, and then
is rewarmed and sent back to
the body.

40. LVAD
• left ventricular assist device
(LVAD) is a pump that we
use for patients who have
reached end-stage heart
failure.
• Bridge-to-transplant
therapy: This is a life-saving
therapy for patients
awaiting a heart transplant.
Patients use the LVAD until a
heart becomes available.

41. Artificial heart

42. • Biotechnology applications, especially in the
field of medicine, have influenced healthcare
sector immensely.
• It has changed the face of the medical field.
Genetic engineering contributed to safer and
more effective treatments and medications.
•THANK YOU