Cardamom Damping off disease
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This document summarizes information about cardamom damping off disease caused by Pythium vexans. It discusses the history, occurrence, economic importance, life cycle, symptoms, spread, favorable conditions, and management of the disease. The disease was first reported in 1937 in India and causes seedling death, rotting of rhizomes, and decline of cardamom plantations. Proper drainage, soil treatment with fungicides, and avoiding crowded nursery conditions can help manage the disease.
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3. The disease is spread through infected pollen carried by thrips to sunflower and alternate hosts like Parthenium weed. High temperatures and humidity favor disease development.
Brinjal bacterial wilt
This document discusses brinjal bacterial wilt caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. It affects brinjal and other crops like potato, tomato, banana, and causes losses of up to 8.1% in brinjal yield in India. Symptoms include wilting of young leaves and shoots, water soaked stem areas, and bacterial ooze from infected stem tissues. The pathogen is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that lives in soil and plant debris and spreads through contaminated tools and water. Management strategies include using resistant varieties, crop rotation, solarization, soil fumigation, and chemical control with copper fungicides and streptomycin seed treatments.
BEAN ANTHRACNOSE
Bean anthracnose is a seedborne fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum that affects many legume crops worldwide. The disease causes reddish-brown lesions on pods and leaves that produce pink spores in moist conditions, reducing crop yields. The fungus spreads primarily via contaminated seeds and crop debris, with secondary spread by rain splash and wind under favorable conditions of 13-26°C, 92% humidity, and moderate rainfall. Management strategies include crop rotation, seed treatment, fungicide application, soil solarization, and biological controls using Trichoderma viride or plant extracts.
Balaji A 2015021018
Moko wilt is a bacterial disease of banana caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. It is prevalent worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease causes yellowing of leaves, internal rotting of fruits, and bacterial ooze from cut pseudostems. The bacteria survives in soil and infected planting materials and spreads through irrigation water. Disease management involves using disease-free suckers, resistant varieties, proper drainage, disinfecting irrigation water, and soil drenching with copper compounds.
Diseases of turmeric
This document discusses three major diseases that affect turmeric: leaf spot, leaf blotch, and rhizome rot.
Leaf spot of turmeric is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum capsici. It is the most important turmeric disease and can cause up to 62% yield losses. Leaf blotch is caused by the fungus Taphrina maculans and results in reddish-brown leaf discoloration. Rhizome rot is caused by the oomycete Pythium aphanidermatum and leads to soft, rotten rhizomes with brown discoloration. Management of these diseases involves field sanitation, fungicide sprays, and cultural practices like drainage and resistant varieties.
Dryrootrot in greengram.pptx
K. Thirumala Rao submitted a power point presentation on dry root rot in green gram to Dr. Shashi Tiwari at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences. The presentation covered the introduction, symptoms, pathogen, favorable conditions, disease cycle, and management of dry root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina fungus. The fungus survives in infected plant debris and soil and spreads primarily through seed-borne and soil-borne sclerotia, with secondary spread through air-borne pycnidiospores. Management strategies include treating seeds with fungicides, applying organic manures, and incorporating plants with biocontrol properties.
Flat limb of sapota
The document discusses the flat limb disease of sapota, caused by the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae. The disease causes twisting and flattening of sapota branches, resulting in fewer and smaller fruits. It is most prevalent in India in states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh, with integrated management including pruning of infected branches, fungicide application and destruction of plant debris.
Red rot of sugarcane
Red rot of sugarcane is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum. It was first identified in Java in 1893 and causes significant economic losses by reducing cane weight and sugar recovery. Symptoms include reddening of the stalk pith and small red spots on leaves. The disease spreads through infected soil and planting material. Management strategies include crop rotation, sanitation, resistant varieties, and hot water treatment of setts.
Papaya Fruit Rot
This document discusses papaya fruit rot caused by various fungal pathogens. It provides details on the causal organisms (Rhizopus stolonifer, Ascochyta caricae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gleosporioides), symptoms, disease cycle, taxonomy, and integrated disease management strategies for the major pathogens that cause papaya fruit rot. Environmental conditions like high humidity and frequent rains favor disease development. The disease spreads via airborne spores and through wounds during harvesting and storage. Control involves cultural practices like pruning, hot water treatment, and fungicide applications.
POWDERY MILDEW OF CASTOR
1) Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes considerable yield loss in the important oilseed crop castor.
2) The disease is caused by the fungus Leveillula taurica, which appears as white powdery growth on the lower leaf surface that can spread to the upper surface.
3) The fungus survives in soil and infects plants through airborne conidia spores, favoring humid conditions between 20-35 degrees Celsius for growth.
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Cardamom Damping off disease
- 1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 CARDAMOM DAMPING OFF Student Course teacher A.Hariharan Dr.Parthasarathy.S 2015021043 Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology)
- 2. Name of disease • Common name: Cardamom damping off- Pythium vexans • Other names: Soft rot and Rhizome rot- Rhizoctonia solani
- 3. History of disease Rhizome rot is a common disease occurring in cardamom plantations during monsoon period. The disease was first reported by Park (1937), Subba Rao (1938) described it as clump rot disease. The disease is widely distributed through out cardamom plantation.
- 4. Occurance World: Indonesia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Inventor: Siddaramaiah (1988).
- 5. Economic Importance Rhizome rot is one of the earliest noticed fungal disease. The incidence of the disease in cardamom hills of Kerala. Occurring in Kerala and Karnataka, and is also called as clump rot disease (Mayne 1942).
- 6. SYSTEMATIC POSITION Kingdom:Chomista Phylum :Oomycota Class :Oomycetes Order :Pythiales Family :Pythiaceae Genus :Pythium Species :Pythium vexans
- 7. Life Cycle-Sexual Reproduction © http://www.biologydiscussion.com
- 9. Symptoms • Leaves turn pale, tips become yellow. Gradually, these symptoms spread over the entire leaf extending to leaf sheath resulting in wilting of seedlings. • The collar portion decays and the entire seedlings die. • Infection spreads in the nursery beds resulting in death of seedlings in small patches. • In grown up seedlings, rotting extends from the collar region to the rhizomes resulting in their decay and ultimate death of the plant
- 11. Survival and Spread • It spreads to rhizomes and roots. • Seed, soil and water.
- 12. Favourable Conditions • High humidity, high soil moisture, cloudiness and low temperatures below 24° C for few days are ideal for infection and development of disease. • Crowded seedlings, dampness due to high rainfall, poor drainage and excess of soil solutes hamper plant growth and increase the pathogenic damping-off. • Cool and moist conditions due to rain or show at higher elevation .
- 13. Management Destruction of diseased clumps and provide proper drainage Changing the nursery site and avoid crowding Soil drenching with one percent bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride 0.25 % at one- month interval has been reported. Pre-treatment of nursery beds with fomaldehyde @ 0.2%. Fungicides such as mancozeb and brassicol (PCNB) were effective for disease control.
- 14. References Joseph, T., Suseela Bhai, R.and Naidu, R. (1991). Capsule rot disease of cardamom and its control. J. Plantn. Crops (Suppl.) 18: 264-268. Ramakrishnan, T.S. (1949). The occurrence of Pythium vexans de Bary in South India. Indian Phytopath. 2: 27-30.