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Brinjal bacterial wilt
- 1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURALTECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 BRINJAL BACTERIAL WILT Ralstonia solanacearum Course teacher: Name: Dr.Parthasarathy.S, Nainu Joseph Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology) 2015021088
- 2. CONTENT OCCURRENCE LOSSES SYMPTOMS PATHOGEN SYSTEMATIC POSITION MODE OF SPREAD AND SURVIVAL FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS MANAGEMENT
- 3. OCCURRENCE • It isendemic to the southern United States as well as Africa, Asia and South America. • Ralstonia spp. is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. • It has recently become a recognized problem in temperate regions as well.
- 4. OTHER HOSTS • Planthosts that R. solanacearum infects include: • Potato ,tomato , banana, ginger, tobacco, sweet pepper ,olive ,rose ,soybean. LOSSES In India loss in yield in brinjal is upto 8.1 per cent.
- 5. SYMPTOMS • Sudden wiltingof affected plants. • Characteristic symptom is drooping of young top leaves and shoots of the plants. • Water soaked areas in form of black streaks are often noticed on stem. • In severe cases these areas rot and bacterial ooze out is noticed.
- 6. • Infected regionof the stem or root shows brown discolouration in vascular region and bacterial ooze out in form of milky white stream. • The plants die within 3 to 5 days after appearance of first symptom. • The disease is severe during monsoon when fields are waterlogged.
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- 9. PATHOGEN • Rod shapedwith tuft of polar flagella. • Gram negative bacteria. • R. solanacearum is soil-borne and motile with a polar flagellar tuft. It colonizes the xylem, causing bacterial wilt in a very wide range of potential host plants.
- 10. SYSTEMATIC POSITION Domain :Bacteria Phylum : Proteobacteria Class : Betaproteobacteria Order : Burkholderiales Family : Burkholderiaceae Genus : Ralstonia Species : R. solanacearum
- 11. MODE OF SPREADAND SURVIVAL • The bacterium though a non-spore former is found to be alive and viable for more than 16 months in laboratory condition. • It s found alive in infected plant debris for 10 months. • Presence of Meloidogyne javanica increases the wilt incidence.
- 12. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS • Symptomexpression is favored by high temperatures (30-35˚C) and symptoms of the disease may progress rapidly after infection. • High soil moisture and periods of wet weather or rainy seasons are associated with high disease incidence.
- 13. MANAGEMENT • PHYSICAL METHODS •Rouging of diseased plants and burn. • Field sanitation by ensuring weed free field. • RESISTANT VARIETY • Use resistant variety namely Pant Samrat, Arka Keshav, Arka Neelkant, Pusa Purple Cluster and Pusa Purple Round, etc. • Avoid susceptible varieties like Pusa Purple Long.
- 14. CULTURAL METHODS • Summerploughing. • Crop rotation with cereals or cruciferous vegetables. • Solarization of nursery beds. • Keep land fallow for a season to destroy harmful pathogens. • Avoid water logging and provide drainage facility.
- 15. BIOLOGICAL METHOD • Applyneem cake @ 100 kg /acre to reduce bacterial pathogen. • Apply basally talc based Pseudomonas fluorescens at 2.5 kg/ ha pre-colonized in farm yard manure.
- 16. CHEMICAL METHOD • Soilfumigation with Formalin at 7% before sowing. • Seed treatment with Streptocycline (150 ppm) for 90 min. • Spray copper fungicide to control disease (2% Bordeaux mixture). • Drench in and around diseased area with copper hydroxide 77%WP @ 3 g/ litre.
- 17. REFERENCE • V. KGupta and Y. S Pacil. Diseases of vegetable crops – published by Kalyani publishers, New Delhi. Page no: 121-124 • T. S Thind, Diseases of fruits and vegetables and their management- Kalyani publishers, New Delhi. Page no: 373 • http://www.kisansuvidha.com/brinjal-diseases • Plant pathology journal-Some Important Plant Pathogenic Disease of Brinjal and their Management.