This document discusses brinjal bacterial wilt caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. It affects brinjal and other crops like potato, tomato, banana, and causes losses of up to 8.1% in brinjal yield in India. Symptoms include wilting of young leaves and shoots, water soaked stem areas, and bacterial ooze from infected stem tissues. The pathogen is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that lives in soil and plant debris and spreads through contaminated tools and water. Management strategies include using resistant varieties, crop rotation, solarization, soil fumigation, and chemical control with copper fungicides and streptomycin seed treatments.

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
BRINJAL BACTERIAL WILT
Ralstonia solanacearum
Course teacher: Name:
Dr.Parthasarathy.S, Nainu Joseph
Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology) 2015021088

2. CONTENT
 OCCURRENCE
 LOSSES
 SYMPTOMS
 PATHOGEN
 SYSTEMATIC POSITION
 MODE OF SPREAD AND SURVIVAL
 FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
 MANAGEMENT

3. OCCURRENCE
• It is endemic to the southern United States as
well as Africa, Asia and South America.
• Ralstonia spp. is prevalent in tropical and
subtropical regions of the world.
• It has recently become a recognized problem
in temperate regions as well.

4. OTHER HOSTS
• Plant hosts that R. solanacearum infects
include:
• Potato ,tomato , banana, ginger, tobacco, sweet
pepper ,olive ,rose ,soybean.
LOSSES
In India loss in yield in brinjal is upto 8.1 per
cent.

5. SYMPTOMS
• Sudden wilting of affected plants.
• Characteristic symptom is drooping of young
top leaves and shoots of the plants.
• Water soaked areas in form of black streaks are
often noticed on stem.
• In severe cases these areas rot and bacterial
ooze out is noticed.

6. • Infected region of the stem or root shows
brown discolouration in vascular region and
bacterial ooze out in form of milky white
stream.
• The plants die within 3 to 5 days after
appearance of first symptom.
• The disease is severe during monsoon when
fields are waterlogged.

7. ©mathirkatha.net

8. ©the ecologist.org

9. PATHOGEN
• Rod shaped with tuft of polar flagella.
• Gram negative bacteria.
• R. solanacearum is soil-borne and motile with
a polar flagellar tuft. It colonizes the xylem,
causing bacterial wilt in a very wide range of
potential host plants.

10. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
Domain : Bacteria
Phylum : Proteobacteria
Class : Betaproteobacteria
Order : Burkholderiales
Family : Burkholderiaceae
Genus : Ralstonia
Species : R. solanacearum

11. MODE OF SPREAD AND
SURVIVAL
• The bacterium though a non-spore former is
found to be alive and viable for more than 16
months in laboratory condition.
• It s found alive in infected plant debris for 10
months.
• Presence of Meloidogyne javanica increases
the wilt incidence.

12. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
• Symptom expression is favored by high
temperatures (30-35˚C) and symptoms of the
disease may progress rapidly after infection.
• High soil moisture and periods of wet weather
or rainy seasons are associated with high
disease incidence.

13. MANAGEMENT
• PHYSICAL METHODS
• Rouging of diseased plants and burn.
• Field sanitation by ensuring weed free field.
• RESISTANT VARIETY
• Use resistant variety namely Pant Samrat, Arka
Keshav, Arka Neelkant, Pusa Purple Cluster
and Pusa Purple Round, etc.
• Avoid susceptible varieties like Pusa Purple
Long.

14. CULTURAL METHODS
• Summer ploughing.
• Crop rotation with cereals or cruciferous
vegetables.
• Solarization of nursery beds.
• Keep land fallow for a season to destroy
harmful pathogens.
• Avoid water logging and provide drainage
facility.

15. BIOLOGICAL METHOD
• Apply neem cake @ 100 kg /acre to reduce
bacterial pathogen.
• Apply basally talc based Pseudomonas
fluorescens at 2.5 kg/ ha pre-colonized in farm
yard manure.

16. CHEMICAL METHOD
• Soil fumigation with Formalin at 7% before
sowing.
• Seed treatment with Streptocycline (150 ppm)
for 90 min.
• Spray copper fungicide to control disease
(2% Bordeaux mixture).
• Drench in and around diseased area with
copper hydroxide 77%WP @ 3 g/ litre.

17. REFERENCE
• V. K Gupta and Y. S Pacil. Diseases of vegetable
crops – published by Kalyani publishers, New
Delhi. Page no: 121-124
• T. S Thind, Diseases of fruits and vegetables and
their management- Kalyani publishers, New
Delhi. Page no: 373
• http://www.kisansuvidha.com/brinjal-diseases
• Plant pathology journal-Some Important Plant
Pathogenic Disease of Brinjal and their
Management.