Carcinoma of sinus
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This document discusses carcinoma of the maxillary sinus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It provides details on the anatomy and pathogenesis of maxillary sinus carcinoma, as well as its clinical features, staging, treatment, and prognosis. For nasopharyngeal carcinoma, it discusses the clinical features, histopathology, diagnosis, treatment and survival rates based on stage. Both cancers are described as dangerous malignancies arising from the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx respectively.
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This document provides an overview of nose and paranasal sinus malignancies. It discusses their epidemiology, common types including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, risk factors such as wood dust exposure, clinical presentation, imaging, staging systems, and treatment options including surgery and radiotherapy. Nose and paranasal sinus cancers are uncommon but can cause significant morbidity due to their location near critical structures like the orbit and brain. Accurate diagnosis is challenging as symptoms often mimic rhinosinusitis initially. Treatment aims to balance tumor control with preserving quality of life and important functions.
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1. Carcinomas of the paranasal sinuses most commonly arise in the maxillary sinus (70% of cases). Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histologic subtype (80-85% of cases).
2. Presentation varies by location but commonly includes nasal symptoms like obstruction or discharge, oral/dental symptoms, and ocular findings like proptosis or diplopia. Diagnosis is aided by CT or MRI imaging which can detect bone erosion and intracranial extension.
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Management of ca maxillary sinus
Maxillary sinus carcinoma arises from the maxillary sinus and can spread locally and to lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves physical exam, CT/MRI imaging, and biopsy. Staging evaluates tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant spread. Treatment depends on stage but may include surgery such as maxillectomy, radiation therapy such as IMRT, and chemotherapy such as cisplatin for locally advanced cases. The goal of treatment is a complete resection with negative margins or effective control with radiation with or without chemotherapy while minimizing side effects to nearby structures like the optic nerves and chiasm. Outcomes depend on stage, with earlier stages having higher survival rates treated with surgery or surgery plus radiation.
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This document provides information on carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses:
- It describes the epidemiology, risk factors, common histological subtypes, staging criteria, and treatment approaches for different types of paranasal sinus carcinomas.
- The most common carcinomas are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which commonly arise in the maxillary sinus. Less common types include adenoid cystic carcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma.
- Treatment involves surgery such as craniofacial resection combined with radiation therapy. The treatment approach depends on the tumor stage and location. Craniofacial resection provides the best chance of resection but has significant risks.
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- Staging uses the AJCC TNM system and evaluates tumour size, extension sites, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. Late-stage tumours have spread widely.
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2. Presentation varies by location but commonly includes nasal symptoms like obstruction or discharge, oral/dental symptoms, and ocular findings like proptosis or diplopia. Diagnosis is aided by CT or MRI imaging which can detect bone erosion and intracranial extension.
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Maxillary sinus carcinoma arises from the maxillary sinus and can spread locally and to lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves physical exam, CT/MRI imaging, and biopsy. Staging evaluates tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant spread. Treatment depends on stage but may include surgery such as maxillectomy, radiation therapy such as IMRT, and chemotherapy such as cisplatin for locally advanced cases. The goal of treatment is a complete resection with negative margins or effective control with radiation with or without chemotherapy while minimizing side effects to nearby structures like the optic nerves and chiasm. Outcomes depend on stage, with earlier stages having higher survival rates treated with surgery or surgery plus radiation.
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This document provides information on carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses:
- It describes the epidemiology, risk factors, common histological subtypes, staging criteria, and treatment approaches for different types of paranasal sinus carcinomas.
- The most common carcinomas are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which commonly arise in the maxillary sinus. Less common types include adenoid cystic carcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma.
- Treatment involves surgery such as craniofacial resection combined with radiation therapy. The treatment approach depends on the tumor stage and location. Craniofacial resection provides the best chance of resection but has significant risks.
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This document provides information about malignant tumours of the maxillary sinus, including epidemiology, etiology, classification, clinical presentation, spread, staging, and treatment. Some key points:
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2. Presenting symptoms vary depending on the location and extent of the tumor but may include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, facial pain or swelling. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, imaging like CT scans, and biopsy.
3. Treatment involves surgical excision and may also include radiation therapy or chemotherapy, especially for malignant tumors. Surgical approaches depend on the size and location of the tumor
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2. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign but locally invasive tumor that occurs mostly in males aged 10-25 and consists of vascular and fibrous tissue that can spread to surrounding areas.
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2. Malignant tumours of the external ear include squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
3. Benign tumours of the middle ear include glomus tumours, also known as paragangliomas, which arise from the glomus bodies along the tympanic branch of the facial nerve.
4. Malignant tumours of the middle ear are rare but include
common middle ear tumors
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By : Dr , Ibrahim Habib Barakat. M.D.(otorhinolaryngology).
salamatuall@yahoo.com
/www.facebook.com/Dr.Ibrahim.Barakat
CA.ORAL CAVITY FINAL.pdf
1. Carcinoma of the oral cavity is most commonly found on the tongue, floor of mouth, and lips. It spreads locally and via lymphatics, most often to cervical lymph nodes. Distant metastases occur in 15-20% of cases, most commonly to lungs.
2. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, biopsy of the lesion and lymph nodes, imaging like OPG, CT/MRI to assess bone and lymph node involvement. Staging helps determine prognosis and management.
3. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, chemotherapy depending on stage. Close surveillance is needed due to high risk of recurrence and second primary cancers.
Oral cancer
This document summarizes key information about oral cancer:
1) Oral cancer is a major malignancy in the Indian subcontinent, affecting males over 60 years old at a higher rate. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol, betel nut and spice chewing.
2) Premalignant lesions like leukoplakia and erythroplakia are associated with increased risk of oral cancer. Conditions like submucous fibrosis from betel chewing can also progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
3) Patient workup for oral cancer involves history, clinical exam, biopsy or FNAC of suspicious lesions, and imaging tests. Staging follows AJCC guidelines and helps determine prognosis and guide treatment.
Tumours of pharynx
The document discusses tumours of the pharynx, including benign and malignant tumours of the nasopharynx and oropharynx. In the nasopharynx, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is the most common benign tumour seen in adolescent males. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common malignancy and is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus. In the oropharynx, common benign tumours include mucous retention cysts and papillomas, while squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy, associated with risk factors like smoking, alcohol, and HPV 16.
Sist.aliran limfe leher
The document discusses the lymphatic system of the neck. It notes that there are approximately 75 lymph nodes on each side of the neck. The neck lymph nodes drain various areas of the head and neck and are commonly involved in metastases of head and neck tumors. The key lymph node groups of the neck are described along with the specific areas they drain. Staging of head and neck cancer is also mentioned briefly.
Pleomorphic adenoma surgical management
Mr. X, a 55-year-old male, presented with a gradually enlarging painless swelling in his left parotid region over the past 5 years. Examination revealed a 7 cm x 6 cm firm, non-tender mass that was mobile and had a well-defined margin. Investigations including FNAC, USG, and MRI confirmed a diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. The patient underwent a superficial parotidectomy to remove the tumor. Histopathology of the resected specimen confirmed pleomorphic adenoma. The postoperative course was uneventful with intact facial nerve function and no complications.
ENT tumors (Revisi) neoplastic and non neoplastic.ppt
Nasal polyps are benign lesions that arise from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinus mucosa. They are more common in adults over age 40 and in males. Chronic inflammation, allergy, and genetic factors may contribute to their development. Nasal polyps cause symptoms like nasal obstruction, postnasal drip, and headaches. Diagnosis involves nasal examination and imaging tests, while treatment consists of medical management with corticosteroids or surgical removal.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (Doctor Faris Alabeedi MSc, MMedSc, PgDip, BDS.)
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a slow growing malignancy of the salivary glands composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells forming tubular, cribriform, and solid patterns. It most commonly occurs in major salivary glands and has a female predominance. Patients typically present with swelling or masses and may experience numbness or pain. Histologically, it is graded based on patterns and prognosis is influenced by factors like perineural invasion, stage, and solid growth patterns conferring a worse prognosis. A defining genetic characteristic is a translocation involving the MYB oncogene.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
This document provides an overview of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), including its epidemiology, etiology, histological classification, clinical features, diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis. NPC has a unique geographical and ethnic distribution. It is caused by an interaction between genetic factors, Epstein-Barr virus infection and environmental exposures. Diagnosis involves biopsy of suspicious nasopharyngeal lesions. The main treatment is radiotherapy, while chemotherapy may be added for advanced cases. Prognosis depends on stage, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 80-90% for early stage to 20-40% for stage IV disease.
Oral cancer pwr.pnt.
This document provides an overview of malignancies of the lips and oral cavity. It discusses the cellular biology of the oral epithelium and various molecular markers. Risk factors for oral cancer include tobacco, alcohol, HPV infection, and genetic syndromes. Common sites are the tongue, floor of mouth, and lower alveolus. Symptoms include sores that don't heal, lumps, pain, and difficulty swallowing. Molecular changes involve tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.
pharyngeal Tumors
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer with a poor prognosis due to its location near vital structures and difficulty of early detection. The majority of NPC tumors are non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas that are associated with Epstein-Barr virus. Risk factors include EBV infection, diet, and genetic predisposition. Radiation therapy is the primary treatment, while surgery has a limited role. Prognostic factors like tumor size and lymph node involvement affect survival rates. Angiofibromas are benign nasopharyngeal tumors that mainly affect young males and are treated surgically. Oropharyngeal cancers are usually squamous cell carcinomas associated with alcohol and tobacco use. Treatment involves surgery,
Sinunasal malignacy
This document discusses sinonasal tumours, including:
1. It classifies sinonasal tumours by tissue of origin such as epithelial, neuroendocrine, soft tissue, bone, etc. and lists examples of benign and malignant lesions within each tissue.
2. It provides details on specific benign tumours such as inverted papilloma, haemangioma, and juvenile angiofibroma.
3. It also discusses malignant tumours of the sinonasal region like squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma and haemangiopericytoma.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
This document discusses oral squamous cell carcinoma, including its definition, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Key points:
- It is a malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity epithelium capable of local growth and metastasis. Major risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection.
- Common symptoms are non-healing sores, lumps, pain or difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis involves biopsy and imaging tests. Treatment options are surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and rehabilitation.
- Prevention focuses on reducing risk factors through health education and discouraging behaviors like smoking, as well as early detection through screening to find cancer at earlier, more treatable stages.
Head and neck cancer Dr VIPIN V NAIR
This document discusses head and neck cancers, their classification, and risk factors. It covers:
1) The TNM staging system for head and neck cancers, which classifies tumors based on their size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastasis (M). Higher stages indicate larger tumors, greater node involvement, or presence of metastasis.
2) The many risk factors for head and neck cancers, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, poor oral hygiene, genetic conditions, and others. Tobacco is implicated in over 90% of cases.
3) Common signs and symptoms of head and neck cancers, which are often not apparent until the disease has advanced. Symptoms include lumps
Pharyngeal tumor
The document discusses tumors of the pharynx, including anatomy, histology, risk factors, types, diagnosis, staging, and treatment. The pharynx is divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. Common pharyngeal cancers include squamous cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol, radiation exposure, and viruses. Diagnosis involves medical history, examination, and imaging tests. Treatment depends on cancer type and stage but may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemoradiation.
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Carcinoma of sinus
- 1. Carcinoma of maxillary sinus, nasopharngeal carcinoma Dr. Asifa Iqbal BDS MPhil (Oral Pathology & Microbiology) FCPS OMFS(II) KING EDWARD MEDICAL UNIVERSITY ,LAHORE.
- 2. Carcinoma of maxillary sinus Anatomy of sinus Carcinoma Clinical features Leads to tratment planning
- 3. Anatomy of maxillary sinus
- 5. Pathogenesis Normal Hyperplasia Metaplasia (DNA damage) Dysplasia (DNA damage) (DNA damage) Anaplasia (DNA damage) Infiltration (DNA damage) Metastasis…. Progressive DNA Damage – features of neoplasia.
- 6. Clinical features Uncommon Dangerous Incidence less than other intra oral sites 642 cases in 10 yr literature survey Age elderly Sex male more Etiology not definite No predisposing factors like ch.sinusitis polyp
- 7. Clinical features Presents usually as nasal stuffiness , ulcer , mass nerve involvement tooth ach loosening of denture
- 8. With spread Lateral wall ---facial asymmetry Medial wall --- nasal stuffiness Superior ----protrusion of eyeball After lymph node metastasis submandibular or cervical Distant metastasis uncommon
- 10. staging 0 inner lining 1 mucous mem 2 bone 3 bone at back of sinus ,underlying tissue under the skin,eye ball or lymph nodes less than 3 cm 4 A,B,C.
- 12. histopathology
- 13. Sinonasal undifferentiated tumour Trabaculea and nest of polygonal cells with minimal cytoplasm pleomorphism hyperchromatism . Immunhistostaining positive cytokeratin
- 14. treatment Surgical Hemimaxilectomy Radiotherpy Prognosis poor 10 -30% 5 yr survival Poor prognostic indicators lymph nodes anatomical difficulty pteygopalatine fossa
- 15. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Group of malignancies arising from epith.lining of lymphoid rich nasopharynx Similar tumour found in palatine tonsils and base of tongue
- 18. Clinical features Tumour of Cantonese (south china) Second most frequent tumour in female age Etiology racial EBV Association EBNA-1 Linked with diffrentiation undifferentiated always positive for EB- viral antigen HLA Typing Contributing factors Salt fish ,nitrosamine
- 19. Clinical features Site of primary lesion Post. or lat.wall. Difficult to assess Enlarged lymph node50-60% presentation Symptoms of primary invasion Epistaxis ,nasal obstruction,partial deafness Cranial nerves palsies. Rapidly fatal laryngeal ,pharyngeal obstrution.
- 20. histopathology SCC keratinizing Diff.non-keratinizing Undiffer.nonkeratinizing Anaplastic lymphowpith. Sinonasal undifferentiated
- 22. diagnosis Lateral view CT scan MRI
- 23. treatment Surgical difficult Radiotherapy Chemotherapy! Survival rate in US Stage1 100% stage 2 67% stage3 44% stage4 34%