Carbon and its Compounds - Class 10 Overview: In the realm of chemistry, carbon stands as a versatile and unparalleled element, forming the cornerstone of organic compounds. This branch of chemistry explores the structure, properties, and reactions of carbon-containing compounds. Here's a brief insight into the key aspects covered in Class 10:

1. Carbon and its compounds class 10 ques ons with answers
1. Define allotropy. Give two examples of allotropes of carbon.
Answer:
Allotropy is the existence of an element in different forms with the same
physical state but different chemical proper es.
Examples of carbon allotropes are diamond and graphite.
2. Explain the term 'homologous series' with an example.
Answer:
A homologous series is a series of organic compounds having the same
func onal group and a similar structure, with each successive member differing
by the addi on of CH2.
Example: The alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) form a homologous series:
methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and so on.
3. What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated
hydrocarbon? Give examples.
Answer:
Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between carbon atoms.
Example: Alkanes like methane (CH4).
Unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one double or triple bond between
carbon atoms. Examples: Alkenes like ethene (C2H4) and alkynes like ethyne
(C2H2).
4. Explain the process of polymeriza on with an example.
Answer:
Polymeriza on is the process of combining small molecules (monomers) to
form large molecules (polymers).
Example: The polymeriza on of ethene (C2H4) produces polyethylene, a
common plas c.
5. Differen ate between structural isomers and stereoisomers.
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2. Answer:
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the
arrangement of atoms.
Stereoisomers have the same structural formula but differ in the spa al
arrangement of atoms.
6. What are func onal groups? Provide two examples.
Answer:
Func onal groups are specific groups of atoms that determine the chemical
proper es of organic compounds.
Examples: -OH (hydroxyl group) in alcohols, and -COOH (carboxyl group) in
carboxylic acids.
7. How does ethene differ from ethane in terms of structure and reac vity?
Answer:
Ethene has a double bond (C=C) and is more reac ve than ethane, which has
only single bonds (C-C).
Ethene undergoes addi on reac ons, while ethane undergoes subs tu on
reac ons.
8. Explain the process of combus on of organic compounds.
Answer:
Combus on is the process where organic compounds react with oxygen to
produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.
Example: The combus on of methane (CH4) is represented as CH4 + 2O2 →
CO2 + 2H2O + energy.
9. Name and explain any two tests to iden fy func onal groups in organic
compounds.
Answer:
Silver Mirror Test: Iden fies aldehydes. Tollens' reagent reacts with aldehydes
to form a silver mirror.
Bromine Water Test: Iden fies unsatura on (presence of double or triple
bonds) by decolorizing bromine water.
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3. 10. Why is carbon considered the 'backbone' of organic compounds?
Answer:
Carbon has the unique ability to form stable covalent bonds with other carbon
atoms, leading to the forma on of long carbon chains and diverse organic
compounds.
This property makes carbon the essen al element in the structure of organic
compounds.
These ques ons and answers provide a comprehensive overview of key
concepts related to carbon and its compounds for Class 10 students.
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