Carbohydrates, which include sugars, starches, and fibers, serve as a key energy source for the body and are vital for a healthy life. They are classified as macronutrients, with functions ranging from energy storage to supporting structural components in organisms. Furthermore, carbohydrates play significant roles in biological processes, including cell communication and immune modulation.

1. CARBOHYDRATES

2. Talk about
• What
• Function
• Structure
• Classification
• Properties
• Characteristic

3. What is?
• Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and
fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and
milk products. Though often maligned in trendy
diets, carbohydrates — one of the basic food
groups — are important to a healthy life.
• Carbohydrates are macronutrients, meaning
they are one of the three main ways the body
obtains energy, or calories
• They are called carbohydrates because, at the
chemical level, they contain carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen.

4. • Carbohydrates are chief energy source, in many
animals, they are instant source of energy. Glucose is
broken down by glycolysis/ kreb's cycle to yield ATP.
• Glucose is the source of storage of energy. It is stored
as glycogen in animals and starch in plants.
• Stored carbohydrates acts as energy source instead of
proteins.
• Carbohydrates are intermediates in biosynthesis of
fats and proteins.
• Carbohydrates aid in regulation of nerve tissue and is
the energy source for brain.
• Carbohydrates gets associated with lipids and proteins
to form surface antigens, receptor molecules,
vitamins and antibiotics.
FUNCTION

5. • They form structural and protective components,
like in cell wall of plants and microorganisms.
• In animals they are important constituent of
connective tissues.
• They participate in biological transport, cell-cell
communication and activation of growth factors.
• Carbohydrates that are rich in fibre content help
to prevent constipation.
• Also they help in modulation of immune system.

6. Structure
•Open chain structure
•Hemi-acetal structure
•Haworth structure

10. Classifications
Monosaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide

13. Properties
• Carbohydrates act as energy reserves, also stores
fuels, and metabolic intermediates.
• Ribose and deoxyribose sugars forms the structural
frame of the genetic material, RNA and DNA.
• Polysaccharides like cellulose are the structural
elements in the cell walls of bacteria and plants.
• Carbohydrates are linked to proteins and lipids
that play important roles in cell interactions.
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds, they are
aldehydes or ketones with many hydroxyl groups.

15. Characteristics
• They have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen,
often in a ratio of or near 1:2:1.
• They are polar and therefore hydrophilic.
• Monomers often form ring structures in
water
• Individual carbohydrate molecules (called
monomers) can bind together forming
polymers of many individual carbohydrate
molecules attached together. An example of a
carbohydrate monomer is glucose with the
chemical formula of C6H12O6.

16. •THAT’S ALL