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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Carbohydrates  (glycans) have the following basic composition: www.freelivedoctor.com
Monosaccharides ,[object Object],Ketoses (e.g., fructose) have a keto group, usually at C2.  www.freelivedoctor.com
D vs L Designation ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Sugar Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Hemiacetal & hemiketal formation ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],These representations of the cyclic sugars are called Haworth projections. www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Sugar derivatives ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Sugar derivatives ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Reducing Sugars ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Glycosidic Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],Disaccharides : Maltose , a cleavage product of starch (e.g., amylose), is a disaccharide with an   (1    4) glycosidic link between C1 - C4 OH of 2 glucoses.  It is the    anomer (C1 O points down). www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Sucrose www.freelivedoctor.com
Lactose www.freelivedoctor.com
Lactose Intolerance ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
Polysaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],.  www.freelivedoctor.com
answer ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chitin www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Oligosaccharides  that are covalently attached to proteins or to membrane lipids may be linear or branched chains.  www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

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Carbohydrates