This document provides an overview of capital markets and how they function. It discusses key concepts like:
- The primary and secondary markets where medium-to-long term funds are borrowed and lent. Primary markets deal with new stock/bond issuances while secondary markets facilitate trading of existing securities.
- Common instruments traded in capital markets like stocks, bonds, debentures and their differences. Stocks represent ownership while bonds/debentures represent lending to companies.
- Important players that facilitate capital markets like brokers, stock exchanges and regulatory bodies. Key Indian exchanges are BSE and NSE.
- Factors that influence stock prices like supply and demand from investors. Bulls anticipate price rises while bears
This book provides basic information about the stock market to the beginners. Your all doubts have been cleared after reading this book related to the stock market investment.
This book provides basic information about the stock market to the beginners. Your all doubts have been cleared after reading this book related to the stock market investment.
this power point includes some important topics in the stock market like ( criteria to invest on long term , volatility , stock market stages ,reducing risk )
This presentation aims to provide a basic knowledge about stock market and it explains the basic terms and operations related with stock market.it will will be beneficial to the beginners in stock market.
This is a presentation on the stock markets in India. Various parameters considered while trading, scams etc. It was delivered as a seminar presentation in college
this power point includes some important topics in the stock market like ( criteria to invest on long term , volatility , stock market stages ,reducing risk )
This presentation aims to provide a basic knowledge about stock market and it explains the basic terms and operations related with stock market.it will will be beneficial to the beginners in stock market.
This is a presentation on the stock markets in India. Various parameters considered while trading, scams etc. It was delivered as a seminar presentation in college
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
How Does CRISIL Evaluate Lenders in India for Credit RatingsShaheen Kumar
CRISIL evaluates lenders in India by analyzing financial performance, loan portfolio quality, risk management practices, capital adequacy, market position, and adherence to regulatory requirements. This comprehensive assessment ensures a thorough evaluation of creditworthiness and financial strength. Each criterion is meticulously examined to provide credible and reliable ratings.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
3. Capital market
A market where medium term and long term
funds are borrowed and lent.
Divided into:
Primary Market (New Issues Market)
Secondary market (Stock Exchanges)
Also
Industries Securities Market
Gilt Edged Securities Market
4. Players & Instruments in the capital markets
Players Instruments
Investors
Brokers/traders
Securities and Exchange
Bard of India (SEBI)
National Stock Exchange
(NSE)
Bombay stock Exchange
(BSE)
Credit rating agencies
(CRISIL,CARE etc)
Preference Shares
Equity Shares
Debentures
Bonds
5. What is meant by stock?
A “stock” is a share in the ownership of a
company.
A stock represents a claim on the company's
assets and earnings. As you acquire more
stocks, your ownership stake in the company
becomes greater.
6. So what does ownership of a company
give you?
Holding a company's stock means that you are one of the
many owners (shareholders) of a company and, as such,
you have a claim to everything the company owns.
This means that technically you own a tiny little piece of all
the furniture, every trademark, and every contract of the
company. As an owner, you are entitled to your share of the
company's earnings as well.
These earnings will be given to you. These earnings are
called “dividends” and are given to the shareholders from
time to time.
7. A stock is represented by a "stock certificate".
This is a piece of paper that is proof of your
ownership.
However, now-a-days you could also have a
“demat” account. This means that there will be
no “stock certificates”. Everything will be done
though the computer electronically. Selling and
buying stocks can be done just by a few
clicks.
8. What makes stock prices go "up" and
"down"?
Stock prices change every day because of market forces. By
this we mean that stock prices change because of “supply and
demand”. If more people want to buy a stock (demand) than
sell it (supply), then the price moves up!
Conversely, if more people wanted to sell a stock than buy it,
there would be greater supply than demand, and the price
would fall. (Basics of economics!)
9. CAPITAL MARKET
Primary market also
known as New Issues
Market (NIM) is a
market for raising fresh
capital in the form of
shares & debentures
Secondary Market, also
known as stock market
deals in securities that
have already been
issued by companies.
10. Modes of raising capital
Public Issue (IPO): is where the securities
are issued to the members of the general
public. Most popular method of raising long
term funds.
Rights Issue: is a method of issuing
additional shares to the existing
shareholders.
Private Placement: Where the shares of a
company are sold to a group of small
investors.
13. Gilt Edged Market
Gilt edged market is also known as Govt
securities market, is the market for Govt &
semi Govt securities.
Features
Guaranteed returns on investments
No speculation in securities
Predominated by LIC,GIC,Provident funds &
commercial banks
14. Stock Market Indices
Stock market indices are the barometer of the
stock market.
BSE SENSEX,NSE-NIFTY etc are some of
the market indices.
15. SENSEX –BSE Index
What is SENSEX?
The Sensex is an "index". An index is
basically an indicator. It gives you a general
idea about whether most of the stocks have
gone up or most of the stocks have gone
down.
The Sensex is an indicator of all the major
companies of the Bombay Stock Exchange
( BSE).
17. Companies represented by Sensex as of 11 Nov 2013
Reliance Industries
Infosys Tech
ICICI Bank
L&T
HDFC
ITC
HDFC Bank
SBI
ONGC
Bharti Airtel
BHEL
Tata Consultancy
Hindustan unilever
M&M
Gail India
Tata Steel
Tata Power
Maruti Suzuki
NTPC
Wipro
Cipla
Sesagoa
Dr.Reddys
Jindal Steel
Tata Motors DLF
Hero Motorcorp
Hindalco
Sun Pharma
Bajaj Auto
Coal India
18. If the Sensex goes up, it means that the
prices of the stocks of most of the major
companies on the BSE have gone up. If
the Sensex goes down, this tells you that
the stock price of most of the major
stocks on the BSE have gone down.
19. NIFTY
The Nifty is an indicator of all the major
companies of the NSE.
Just like the Sensex represents the top
stocks of the BSE, the Nifty represents the
top stocks of the National Stock Exchange
(NSE) Delhi.
20. Equity Shares
Equity shares are known as ordinary shares
held by the owners of a corporate entity.
Equity shareholders face greater risks
They are given larger share of profits through
higher dividends than those given to
preference share holders.
21. Preference Shares
Shares that carry preferential rights in
comparison with ordinary shares are called
Preference shares. The preferential rights are
regarding payment of dividend and the
distribution of the assets of the company in
the event of its winding up, in preference to
equity shares.
22. Debentures
A form of long term debt capital
A document that either creates a debt or
acknowledges it is known as a debenture.
A document that shows on the face of it that
a company has borrowed a sum of money
from the holder thereof upon certain terms
and conditions is called a debenture.
More secured & carries fixed interest rate
23. Shares Vs Debentures
Shareholder has a
proprietary interest in
the company
Entitled to dividends
depending on varying
profits
Enjoys voting rights
Debenture holder is
only a creditor of the
company
Entitled to fixed interest
Do not enjoy voting
rights
Gets priority over
shareholders when
assets are distributed
upon winding up
24. Market capitalization
Market capitalization represents the public
consensus on the value of a company's
equity.
Its market capitalization is the share price
multiplied by the number of shares in issue,
providing a total value for the company's
shares.
25. Categorization of companies by
capitalization
Large-cap: $10 billion–$200 billion
Mid-cap: $2 billion–$10 billion
Small-cap: $300 million–$2 billion
Micro-cap: $50 million-$300 million
Nano-cap: Below $50 million
26. Large cap :ONGC,Coal India,SBI
Midcap: Ashok Leyland,colgate Palmolive
Smallcap:BNP Paribas
27. Speculation
Speculation consists of buying and selling
commodities or securities or other property,
in the hope of profit from anticipated changes
of value.
Involves risk
Type of speculators: Bulls & Bears
28. Bulls & Bears
Bull is a speculator on the
stock exchange who
expects a rise in the price of
a certain security is known
as ‘bull’.
Hence a bull tends to buy
the security in order to sell it
in future at the expected
higher price.
He is a potential seller of
security to reap profit.
A bear is a speculator who
expects a fall in price of the
security of a company.
Market becomes bearish
when there is a strong
expectation of fall in prices
and is said to be bullish
when it is dominated by an
expectation of a rise in
price.
29. HOW TO MAKE MONEY IN
STOCK MARKET?
Patience, profound knowledge.
Best guess.
Diversification .
Portfolio management.