This document provides an overview of open textbooks and open educational resources (OER). It defines OER as teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or are released with intellectual property licenses that allow for free use, adaptation, and distribution. The document discusses the benefits of OER including lowering costs for students and giving faculty more flexibility. It also reviews tools and repositories for finding open textbooks and a 4-step process for adopting open textbooks in courses.

1. Open Textbooks:
Tools, Grants and Resources Available
Rosario Passos
Advisor, Open Education
BCcampus
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Open Education encompasses resources, tools
and practices that are free of legal, financial
and technical barriers and can be fully used,
shared and adapted in the digital environment.
What is Open Education?
- SPARC, http://sparcopen.org/open-education/

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• Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs

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What are Open Educational Resources?
• Open textbooks
• Videos
• Course materials
• Lesson plans
• Software
• Games
• Simulations
• Wikis
• Blogs
• Adaptive tests

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Textbooks are expensive
Image credit: Beyond Textbooks by Thomas used under CC-BY license.
Text credit: Open Textbook Network used under CC-BY license.
• Tuition and Fees
• Room and Board
• Books and Supplies
• Personal Expenses
• Transportation

6. How much students in Canada say they spend on
textbooks per term
Source: Data on Textbook Costs, Higher Education Strategy Associates, 2015.
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7. Textbook Costs vs Student Success
Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual Campus
Slide: CC-BY Cable Green, Creative Commons via http://www.project-kaleidoscope.org (modified)/
Textbook Costs vs Student Success
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64% do not purchase books at some point due to book cost
49% take fewer courses due to book cost
31% choose not to register for a course due to book cost
23% regularly go without textbooks due to book cost
27% have dropped a course due to book cost
21% have withdrawn from a course due to book cost
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Average student debt difficult to pay off, CBC, March 11, 2014
Student Debt in Canada, Canadian Federation of Students, Fall 2013
After three years of post-secondary schooling
in Nova Scotia, Verge graduated in 2008 with
about $25,000 of debt — just about the
national average. More than five years later,
she has only managed to pay back about
$2,000.
For people like Verge, high debt loads are not
only a financial stress but can delay the time it
takes individuals or couples to reach certain
milestones, such as having children, getting
married or owning property…

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OER and Student Achievement
11 Peer Reviewed Studies
http://openedgroup.org/

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48,623 Students
http://openedgroup.org/

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93% Same or Better Outcomes
http://openedgroup.org/

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Student Achievement: No Significant Difference
http://openedgroup.org/
“In three key measures of student success—
course completion, final grade of C- or higher,
course grade– students whose faculty chose
OER generally performed as well or better
than students whose faculty assigned
commercial textbooks.”
A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students in
Journal of Computing in Higher Education

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9 Peer Reviewed Studies of
Perceptions of OER Quality
http://openedgroup.org/
OER Quality: Myth or Reality?

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4,510 Professors and
Students
http://openedgroup.org/
50% as good as
35% superior
15% inferior

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Benefits of Open Textbooks
Faculty benefits
• Increased flexibility of how you use content and ancillaries
supports
• Easy access in many formats
• No book orders or publishers to deal with
• No heavy, bulky text to tote
• Possibilities of customization, can modify/edit as needed
• Student feedback is positive (students are grateful)
• Supporting our students (social justice)
Student benefits
• Low cost or free
• Increased availability
• Opportunity to retain the textbook & resources
• No heavy, bulky text to tote
• Easy to find and access, even before course begins

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Why Open Textbooks?
Traditional Textbooks Present Challenges
• Costly
• Inflexible copyright
• Information gets stale
Open Textbooks are a Potential Solution
• Freely available
• Permissive copyright: users can retain, reuse, revise,
remix, & redistribute content
Faculty have:
Right to customize
The textbook
Students have:
Day 1 access to that
customized textbook and
CHOICE
+

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What about Copyright & Intellectual Property (IP)?
Open doesn’t mean there is no
protection for the creator of the
resources.
It means that the creator has the
ability to apply any level of
usage permission they want.

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Creative Commons logo by Creative Commons used under a CC-BY 3.0 License
CC license image from Copyright in Education & Internet in South African Law used under CC-BY 2.5 South Africa license
The Licenses

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The Spectrum of Open
Source: https://creativecommons.org/examples/

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Guess what? You’ve probably been using Open
Many of us have been using OER protected under Creative
Commons licensing without realizing it.
For example, if you’ve ever used a TED talk in a presentation, you
were
using an open educational resource
What does the TED Creative Commons license allow?
Creative Commons license "Attribution - NonCommercial -
NonDerivative" in order to allow non-commercial entities (like
bloggers, educators and groups of friends) to use them freely
and easily.

21. The BC Open
Textbook
Project

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BC Open Textbook Project
40 free & open textbooks for highest
enrolled 1st & 2nd year post-secondary
subjects in BC
2013 – 20 for skills & training
First province in Canada
2013 – AB & SASK MOU
$1 million
2013 - $1 million
Visual notes of John Yap announcement, Giulia Forsythe Used under
CC-SA license

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Why are we doing this project?
To increase access to higher education by reducing student costs
To give faculty more control over their instructional resources
To improve learning outcomes for students
Annie Lennox campaigns with Oxfam at the AIDS Conference by Oxfam used under CC-BY-NC-ND license

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The Project
Don’t reinvent it by Andrea Hernandez released under CC-BY-NC-SA and based on Wheel by Pauline Mak released
under CC-BY license

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Where do they come from?

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Faculty Reviews
291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY

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Reviews > Adaptations
My Adventures Adapting a Chemistry Textbook291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY

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Publish Many
Write Once

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Choices for students (and for adapters)
Old Leather books, by Wyoming_Jackrabbit used under a CC-BY-NC-SA

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31. HOW do I adopt an Open Textbook
for my course?

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1.Find
2.Review
3.(Supplement)
4.Distribute
4 Easy Steps

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open.bccampus.ca
1. Find

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1. Find

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1. Find: Repositories
Creative Commons Search
HippoCampus
MERLOT
MIT OpenCourseWare
NCLOR: The North Carolina Learning Object Repository
NSDL: National Science Digital Library
OER Commons
Open Course Library
OpenStax
PhET
SOL*R

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2. Review

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3. Supplement

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4. Distribute to Students
 Provide the link to the textbook to your students.
OR
 Download copies of the book and put them on
another site, e.g. LMS, Dropbox Google
Documents (and share that link)
OR
 If you have a faculty website put copies of the files
on your faculty site and send students to your
website to download the copy.
OR
 Connect with your bookstore or print to make print
copies available for your students.

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What’s next and how to get involved

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We’re here to Help!
 Support
 Advice
 Guidance
 Facilitate inter-institutional
collaboration