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Adopting OER: The Why, What and How
Selkirk College-Webinar- May 8, 2017
Amanda Coolidge, BCcampus
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What are you reservations about
open? Or what have you heard
are your colleague’s reservations
about open?
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Education is expensive
Image credit: Beyond Textbooks by Thomas used under CC-BY license.
Text credit: Open Textbook Network used under CC-BY license.
• Tuition and Fees
• Room and Board
• Books and Supplies
• Personal Expenses
• Transportation
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Education is expensive
BC Students now work 180%
more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSE
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Education is expensive
BC Students now work 180%
more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSE
Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans
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Education is expensive
"Kids Giving you problems? Hire an Elephant" by peasap is licensed
under CC BY 2.0
BC Students now work 180%
more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSE
Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans
In 2012, Canadian student loan
debt surpassed $28 billion
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Education is expensive
BC Students now work 180%
more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSE
Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans
In 2012, Canadian student loan
debt surpassed $28 billion
Average student debt in Canada
is $28,495
3 years after graduating, only
21% are debt free
When debt reaches $10,000,
program completion rates drop
from 59% to 8%
The cost of textbooks has risen by
1041% since 1977
9.
10.
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Average Student Expenditures on Textbooks
The Peak: SFU Campus Newspaper
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Impact of Textbook Cost
13. – University of Minnesota student
“I figured French hadn't
changed that much”
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Impact of Textbook Cost
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What Factors Influence the Selection
of Course Materials?
16.
17.
18.
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What Are OER?
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What Are OER?
Videos
Blogs
Course materials
Images
Lesson plans
Wikis
Games
Test banks
Simulations
Open Textbooks
FREE!
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Creative Commons logo by Creative Commons used under a CC-BY 3.0 License
CC license image from Copyright in Education & Internet in South African Law used under CC-BY 2.5 South Africa license
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Open = Free + Permissions
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The 5 R’s of Open
• Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
http://lumenlearning.com/announcement-5r-open-course-design-framework/
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open.bccampus.ca
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Faculty have full legal rights to
customize & contextualize open
textbooks to fit their pedagogical
needs
25.
26.
27.
28.
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http://lumenlearning.com/announcement-5r-open-course-design-framework/
“Faux-pen”
• free (but gated) access
• all rights reserved PLUS terms of
use
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BC Open Textbook Project
40 open textbooks for highest
enrolled 1st & 2nd year post-
secondary subjects in BC
20 for skills & training
$2 million
AB & SASK MOU
Manitoba Review Project
AB OER
eCampus AB
Canada OER
Visual notes of John Yap announcement, Giulia Forsythe Used under
CC-SA license
46. Why are we doing this project?
To increase access to higher education by reducing student costs
To give faculty more control over their instructional resources
To improve learning outcomes for students
Annie Lennox campaigns with Oxfam at the AIDS Conference by Oxfam used under CC-BY-NC-ND license
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47. The Project
Don’t reinvent it by Andrea Hernandez released under CC-BY-NC-SA and based on Wheel by Pauline Mak released
under CC-BY license
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48. Faculty Reviews
291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY
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49. Reviews > Adaptations
My Adventures Adapting a Chemistry Textbook291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY
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50. New Creations
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51. Ancillary Resources
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52. open.bccampus.ca
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open.bccampus.ca
Resources
Guides
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• 188 Open Textbooks
• 108 have ancillary resources
• 2000 individual ancillary
resources
• 81 have been peer reviewed
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+ 39,000 students
+ 300 faculty
+ 1180 course sections
$4.4 million student savings
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open.bccampus.ca
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Quality
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When you think about quality of
educational resources, there is only
one criterion that matters….
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To what degree do those materials
support learning?
59.
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OER and Student Achievement
13 Peer Reviewed Studies
http://openedgroup.org/
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119,720 Students
http://openedgroup.org/
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95% Same or Better Outcomes
http://openedgroup.org/
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open.bccampus.ca
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OER Adoption
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OER Adoption = replacing whatever
was previously “required materials”
with OER
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HIGH IMPACT OER Adoption =
• improves affordability
• invigorates pedagogy
• improves student success
• does it at scale
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Selkirk College Stats
11 Open Textbook Adoptions
208 Students are using Open
Textbooks
$26,000 Student Savings
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Selkirk College Stats
2,312 FTE Selkirk College Students
8.2% of students use Open Textbooks
at Selkirk College
What if it were 100%?
2,312 FTE x $100.00 =
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Selkirik College Stats
$231,200 in 1 year!
Over 5 years:
$1,156,000.00
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open.bccampus.ca
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How to adopt
OER
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How to Adopt an Open Textbook
1.Find
2.Review
3.Supplement
4.Distribute
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Step 1: Find an Open Textbook
Start Here: http://open.bccampus.ca
Open Textbook Library: https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/
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Step 1: Find an Open Textbook
Connect with your library, department, colleagues and T&L Centre
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Advanced Google Search
https://www.google.ca/advanced_search
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Advanced Google Search
You can type in the content you wish to search
and change the usage rights to meet a creative
commons license.
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Step 2: Review
See if the open textbook
matches your criteria:
• content
• presentation
• online accessibility
• interactivity
• print version,
• ancillary material
https://open.bccampus.ca/files/2014/07/Faculty-
Guide-22-Apr-15.pdf
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Step 2: Review
Read reviews:
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Step 3: Supplement
Consider ancillary resources you have found most helpful
to use in your course:
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Step 4: Distribute
Distribute to students: Provide link to the textbook to your
students
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Step 4: Distribute
Distribute to students:
Download copies of the book and put them on another site,
e.g. LMS, Dropbox Google Documents (and share that link)
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Step 4: Distribute
If you have a faculty website put copies of the files on your
faculty site and send students to your website to download the
copy.
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Step 4: Distribute
Distribute to students:
Connect with your bookstore to make print copies available for
your students.
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Step 4: Distribute
Fill out the
Adoption Form
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open.bccampus.ca
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GRANTS!
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What can you
do?
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What can YOU do?
• Adopt an Open Textbook for your class
Review an open textbook in your field
• Adapt an open textbook to fit the needs of
your class
• Create your own open textbook
• Create ancillary resources for an open
textbook and share them
• Engage your students in open pedagogy
• Connect. Collaborate.
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open.bccampus.ca
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What WILL you
do?
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May 24– 25, 2017
Vancouver, B.C.
Questions?
Visit www.bccampus.ca/otsummit-2017 for more
information
or email opentext@bccampus.ca
Editor's Notes
I work at BCcampus , where we acknowledge the Coast and Straits Salish People on whose traditional territories we are privileged to live, work and play.
I work at BCcampus , where we acknowledge the Coast and Straits Salish People on whose traditional territories we are privileged to live, work and play.
One of the drivers for open education is that education is becoming increasingly more expenses. While there are a number of affordability issues, as listed in this slide, books and supplies are not the highest cost leading to affordability issues – but it is the one cost that faculty and institutions can impact and it has a special impact on the academic success of students.
Tuition fees began rising faster than the rate of inflation in the mid-1990s. Undergraduate students in Ontario ($8,114) paid the highest average tuition fees in 2016/2017.
Tuition fees began rising faster than the rate of inflation in the mid-1990s. Undergraduate students in Ontario ($8,114) paid the highest average tuition fees in 2016/2017.
Tuition fees began rising faster than the rate of inflation in the mid-1990s. Undergraduate students in Ontario ($8,114) paid the highest average tuition fees in 2016/2017.
These large levels of debt impact the life decisions students make for years to come.
Image source: http://mfi-miami.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Game-of-Loans.jpg
McElroy, Lori. “Student Aid and University Persistence: Does debt matter?” Millennium Scholarship Foundation, 2005.
Screenshot of http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/alberta-universities-report-dramatic-rise-in-food-bank-use
Open Educational Resources are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use or re-purposing by others.
These are examples of OER that can be integrated into teaching practice – Free to use and licensed under a CC license
https://sites.camosun.ca/camosun_innovates/OLR/
CC licenses enable the free distribution of otherwise copyrighted work. A CC license is used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created. Authors retain IP, but may allow for differing levels of flexibility – 5R
retain in the newest OER- fundamental R, if I can download and adapt my own copy…
retain was assumed but became important to call it out
permissions must be granted for free, for one to think of it as an OER
5 Rs means that we need formal legal instruments to grant these- creative commons licenses
through the act of putting a CC license on a presentation, book, etc— i am formally telling you this is okay…
becoming more popular because of the good will of open, but it is really just a marking measure
- have to create an account
- not having 5 R permissions
apply test- is it granted me the permissions to engage in the 5Rs?
when you make the choice to use copyright work you are at that point of struggle- internet enables, but copyright restricts
There are three main reasons that propel BCcampus’s drive for open education and in particular in the open textbook project. To increase access to higher education by reducing students, to give faculty more control over their instructional resources, and to improve learning outcomes for students.
At the start of the project in 2012, BCcampus did an inventory of the highest enrolled subject areas at BC post-secondary institutions. Many established open education projects had already created and adapted open educational resources and open textbooks in some of these areas, so rather than start from scratch by creating new textbooks BCcampus decided to adopt open textbooks that already existed and had a proven track record of high quality and widely adopted materials.
BCcampus then posted these open textbooks in their collection and began to solicit reviews from BC faculty. Faculty were to review a book’s comprehensiveness, content accuracy, relevance, clarity, consistency and modularity. Each review was then posted with the open textbook in the collection. As you can see these reviews are open because they are posted along with the reviewer’s name and which institution he or she is affiliated with. Also each review is released under a CC-BY-ND license. ND (non-derivative) was added as a condition to the Creative Commons license to ensure the reviews could not be changed.
From the reviews BCcampus then put out a call for proposals for faculty to adapt the textbook based on the reviews. They wanted to ensure that whatever was missing or lacking from a textbook in the collection that it was then adapted to meet the needs of BC Faculty. In some cases the reviews indicated that the books were too US centric, or that some of the chapters were not relevant for the BC context. Being able to adapt a textbook to meet specific learning outcomes, that is the power of working in the Open. The faculty had the opportunity to change the textbook. Here is one example of an adaptation- Professor Jessie Key at VIU adapted the Introductory Chemistry book based on the reviews submitted.
We continue to create a suite of guides and toolkits to provide support the adaptation of open textbooks and related work in open education.
Some of these, such as the Adaptation Guide and Pressbooks Guide, are “open creations”, i.e. works in progress or under development that are publicly viewable and accessible, openly licensed, and available for harvesting and comments.
If you go to our website, you will see all of these items listed under the “Resources” drop-down link.
This open creation concept is brand new, something I came up with a few weeks and blogged about. It really came out of laziness. I wanted to offer my work to the world without finishing it; but, on the other hand, my perfectionist self wanted to make sure each guide went through the rigorous steps of review, copy editing, proof reading.
I have also found that putting one’s work up for other’s to see is a great opportunity to gather ideas and even if someone doesn’t directly comment on the work, when I’m asked a question and don’t have an answer, I can always say: “That’s a great idea. I don’t’ know the answer, but I’ll put a page in the Adaptation Guide and think about it. Maybe someone else has a solution.”
intuition is going to tell you “you get what you pay for”- you hear free and think low quality, sub standard materials
quality question-
when you think about quality about educational resources, there is only one criterion that matters - to what degree do those materials support learning
things that are nice vs. instructional design
what are predictors of student learning?- not a nice book cover
unless you are an instructional designer it is hard to see instructional design
quality of educational materials begin and end when students learn from them
intuition is going to tell you “you get what you pay for”- you hear free and think low quality, sub standard materials
quality question-
when you think about quality about educational resources, there is only one criterion that matters - to what degree do those materials support learning
things that are nice vs. instructional design
what are predictors of student learning?- not a nice book cover
unless you are an instructional designer it is hard to see instructional design
quality of educational materials begin and end when students learn from them
There are a number of studies that highlight the proven quality and efficacy of open educational resources. One result in particular, and most recent, highlights just this. Across eleven academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (with 48,623 students participated) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks.
Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276.
Almost 50, 000 students participating in eleven studies…
…where 93% experienced the same or better outcomes when assigned open educational resources, such as open textbooks.
OER Adoption
replacing whatever was previously “required materials” section with OER
81 course sections
If each student at camosun used just one open textboo
Another way to find ancillary resources is by using the advanced google search
You can type in the content you wish to search and change the usage rights to meet a creative commons license.
How much of that publisher content do you usually change to suit your course?