Canada was discovered in 1534 by Jacques Cartier and colonized by France in 1663 when they founded Quebec and Montreal. There were four wars between French and Indian aborigines until the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713 between France and England. Canada gained constitutional autonomy when its constitution was repatriated in 1982. Canada has a population of 32.7 million people, with 45% of English descent, 27% of French descent, and 28% of other origins. While 59.3% speak English and 22.7% speak French, many are bilingual or speak other languages.