This document provides an overview of computer aided manufacturing (CAM) systems and CNC machine tools. It discusses the history of CAM beginning in 1955 with the development of numerical control machines. Key developments include the APT programming language in 1959, direct numerical control in 1960, and the introduction of graphics-based CAM systems in the 1980s. The document also covers control systems, motion systems, machining centers, programming methods including APT and CAM, and the process of generating CNC toolpaths from CAD models.
For System-on-Chip (SOC) at sub-0.25um nodes, In-System-Programmability (ISP) is a must. A novel ISP solution is discussed to resolve the CMOS logic vs. NVM (non-volatile-memory) compatibility challenges, so that they can co-exist on the same chip without too much impact on the CMOS logic baseline (including device model and process flow).
The LAMC ECC Project involved implementing Trimble robotic total stations. These stations allow surveyors to remotely control surveying equipment without having to physically move it. This implementation streamlined surveying workflows and improved safety by reducing the need for surveyors to work in hazardous areas.
WorkNC is a CAD and CAM solution that provides automatic programming for 2 to 5-axis machining applications. It offers a hybrid CAD system integrated with CAM functions for preparing parts for machining. WorkNC provides numerous automated toolpaths to efficiently machine parts with minimal manual input in a few clicks. It includes solutions for roughing, finishing, drilling and 5-axis machining.
The document discusses computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and numeric control (NC) technology, including definitions of CAM and NC, the components and operation of NC/CNC systems, the advantages of CAM and NC, different types of production processes, and historical developments in automation and programmable machine control.
This document summarizes the lecture on control systems for CAD/CAM given by Professor Young-Woo Park. It discusses the evolution of control systems from manual to computer-based control, including the use of ladder logic, programmable logic controllers, and closed-loop control systems. It then focuses on servo control systems, describing the typical components of a servo system including the controller, drive, feedback devices, and how proportional control works to minimize error between the actual and commanded position.
The document discusses using NX CAM software to generate NC code for machining a die cavity model. It describes setting up the model, defining milling operations and parameters, generating tool paths, and simulating the tool path. Key steps include creating a milling operation, setting tool and cutting parameters, generating depth-first tool paths, and verifying the tool path through simulation. The goal is to produce CNC code to machine the die cavity model.
For System-on-Chip (SOC) at sub-0.25um nodes, In-System-Programmability (ISP) is a must. A novel ISP solution is discussed to resolve the CMOS logic vs. NVM (non-volatile-memory) compatibility challenges, so that they can co-exist on the same chip without too much impact on the CMOS logic baseline (including device model and process flow).
The LAMC ECC Project involved implementing Trimble robotic total stations. These stations allow surveyors to remotely control surveying equipment without having to physically move it. This implementation streamlined surveying workflows and improved safety by reducing the need for surveyors to work in hazardous areas.
WorkNC is a CAD and CAM solution that provides automatic programming for 2 to 5-axis machining applications. It offers a hybrid CAD system integrated with CAM functions for preparing parts for machining. WorkNC provides numerous automated toolpaths to efficiently machine parts with minimal manual input in a few clicks. It includes solutions for roughing, finishing, drilling and 5-axis machining.
The document discusses computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and numeric control (NC) technology, including definitions of CAM and NC, the components and operation of NC/CNC systems, the advantages of CAM and NC, different types of production processes, and historical developments in automation and programmable machine control.
This document summarizes the lecture on control systems for CAD/CAM given by Professor Young-Woo Park. It discusses the evolution of control systems from manual to computer-based control, including the use of ladder logic, programmable logic controllers, and closed-loop control systems. It then focuses on servo control systems, describing the typical components of a servo system including the controller, drive, feedback devices, and how proportional control works to minimize error between the actual and commanded position.
The document discusses using NX CAM software to generate NC code for machining a die cavity model. It describes setting up the model, defining milling operations and parameters, generating tool paths, and simulating the tool path. Key steps include creating a milling operation, setting tool and cutting parameters, generating depth-first tool paths, and verifying the tool path through simulation. The goal is to produce CNC code to machine the die cavity model.
The document provides information on CIM and Automation Lab. It discusses CNC part programming using CAM packages, flexible manufacturing systems, robot programming, and experiments on pneumatics, hydraulics and electro-pneumatics that will be conducted as part of the lab. The examination scheme involves questions from CNC part programming and a viva voce section.
The document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It begins by explaining the history of numerical control, which was developed in the 1950s and used coded instructions to automate machine tools. The development of electronics like microprocessors led to computer-based CNC systems with greater flexibility and precision. CNC machines are now used across many industries to automate machining processes. The document outlines the advantages of CNC machines like higher productivity, quality and accuracy compared to manual machine tools. It provides definitions of CNC and describes the typical components and closed-loop control systems used.
Paul Brodbeck has 30 years of experience in process control engineering and chemical engineering. He advocates for a top-down approach to developing complex and maintainable PAT systems by starting with simple building blocks and adding complexity over time through a learn-by-doing method. This includes implementing basic PID control loops first and then expanding to more advanced multivariate and multi-variable process control strategies using online analyzers and modeling techniques in MATLAB.
The document describes an industrial training institute that offers a 24-week CNC machining and programming course. The course covers topics like CNC turning, milling, programming using Fanuc and Siemens controllers, tooling, safety procedures, and more. It is aimed at candidates with qualifications in mechanical/production fields and includes both theoretical and practical training.
Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features, machining centre, and part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining
The document discusses OPAL-RT's EMTP-RV real-time interface capabilities. It describes how EMTP-RV circuit models can be converted to Simulink diagrams for real-time simulation using a data translator and custom netlist generation. Examples show asynchronous machine models and a 23-bus network converted from EMTP-RV and simulated in real-time. The conclusions state that most EMTP-RV models and functionalities can now be translated to Simulink/SimPowerSystems for real-time simulation using the commercialized EMTP-RV interface in OPAL-RT products.
This document provides an overview of numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) systems and programming. It discusses the basic components and types of NC systems, CNC machine construction details, part programming fundamentals, and micromachining processes like wafer machining. The key topics covered include NC axis conventions, CNC drive systems, work holding, automatic tool changers, programming methods, coordinate systems, tool and work offsets, interpolation types, subroutines, canned cycles, and surface micromachining.
This document provides information about numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machining. It defines NC as using coded programs to automatically operate machines, with CNC adding an onboard computer. The history of NC is described from its origins in 1947 to modern CNC. Key aspects of CNC systems like controllers, programming, and integrated CAD/CAM are summarized. Other machining techniques like EDM and laser cutting are also briefly outlined.
The document discusses numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It covers topics like the basic components and classification of NC machines, different control systems used in NC/CNC like open loop and closed loop systems, types of NC machines based on control system like point-to-point and contouring systems, driving systems including AC, DC and stepping motors, tooling systems, applications and advantages/disadvantages of NC/CNC machines. The document also discusses part programming fundamentals, manual and CNC part programming, micromachining and wafer machining processes.
The document discusses numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It covers topics like the basic components and classification of NC machines, different control systems used in NC/CNC like open loop and closed loop systems, types of NC machines based on control system like point-to-point and contouring systems, driving systems including AC, DC and stepping motors, tooling systems, applications and advantages/disadvantages of NC/CNC machines. The document also discusses part programming fundamentals, manual and CNC part programming, micromachining techniques like surface micromachining and wafer machining.
This document provides an overview of numerical control and computer numerical control systems. It discusses the need for NC/CNC, the advantages and disadvantages, classifications of NC machines, and components of NC systems such as driving devices, feedback devices, dimensioning systems, and interpolation methods. Key points covered include the history of NC development, the difference between open-loop and closed-loop control, and explanations of incremental and absolute positioning systems.
This document provides information on numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It discusses the basic components and classification of NC machines, types of numerical control systems, and part programming fundamentals for CNC machines. The document also covers topics like micromachining, wafer machining, and manual part programming for CNC machines.
Unit 4-ME8691 & COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURINGMohanumar S
This document provides information on numerical control systems and computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It defines numerical control and describes traditional NC, CNC, and DNC systems. It discusses the basic components of NC systems including software, machine control units, and machine tools. It also covers CNC machine construction, driving systems, tooling systems, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of NC and CNC machines. Finally, it discusses topics like part programming fundamentals, coordinate systems, canned cycles, and micromachining.
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses information technology to support engineers in tasks like analysis, simulation, design, planning, diagnosis, and repair. CAE tools are used to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies. CAE encompasses simulation, validation, and optimization of products and manufacturing tools. In the future, CAE systems will provide more information to support design teams in decision making.
Quick NC simulation & verification for high speed machiningLiu PeiLing
Numerical Control (NC) machining is the cutting edge of modern manufacturing technology. NC errors could break cutter edges, destroy work pieces and even damage the machine tool. In recent years, more and higher speed cutting is applied in the industry due to the advancement of machine tool technology and the demand of shorter production time. However, checking the NC codes for high speed machining is difficult due to the lack of information on material removal rate and the large size of NC blocks. In this paper, a novel high speed NC simulation method in an extended Z-map approach is presented, which offers higher simulation accuracy of the resulted geometry and with reasonable cutting load calculation. In conclusion the authors propose the pervasive manufacturing modeling and simulation for multi machining and layered manufacturing processes.
Unit 4-FUNDAMENTAL OF CNC AND PART PROGRAMING.pptxdinesh babu
This document provides an overview of numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) systems used to automate machine tools. It discusses the basic components and classifications of NC systems, including traditional NC, CNC, and distributed NC. The document also covers part programming fundamentals, including coordinate systems, preparatory functions, and canned cycles used in CNC part programs. Various CNC machine types and applications are described, along with advantages and disadvantages of NC and CNC automation.
Components of CNC Machine _ Parts of CNC Machine - Engineering Learn.pdfManjunathan99
The document discusses the key components of a CNC machine. It describes 18 main components: 1) the central processing unit, 2) the memory control unit, 3) the programmable logic controller, 4) the machine control panel, 5) the machine tool, 6) the input devices, 7) the servomotor, 8) the servo control unit, 9) the feedback devices, 10) the feedback system, 11) the display unit, 12) the driving system, 13) the bed, 14) the headstock, 15) the tailstock, 16) the tailstock quill, 17) the footswitch or pedal, and 18) the chuck. Each of these components plays an important role
An Approach to Overcome Modeling Inaccuracies for Performance Simulation Sig...Pankaj Singh
RNM is finding prominence in functional verification signoff, However there is clear modeling gap when it comes to performance simulation of high-speed SerDes. Sometimes the pre-silicon simulation results show passing results with respect to Jitter tolerance (JTOL) specification which may not match the actual silicon validation results. These performance issues manifest due to inaccuracies of model where it may not comprehend the actual circuit behavior. There is no clear methodology to overcome these model gaps for performance simulation signoff.
This paper discusses in detail the techniques used to accurately model and verify high-speed SerDes systems for performance simulation.
The document provides information on CIM and Automation Lab. It discusses CNC part programming using CAM packages, flexible manufacturing systems, robot programming, and experiments on pneumatics, hydraulics and electro-pneumatics that will be conducted as part of the lab. The examination scheme involves questions from CNC part programming and a viva voce section.
The document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It begins by explaining the history of numerical control, which was developed in the 1950s and used coded instructions to automate machine tools. The development of electronics like microprocessors led to computer-based CNC systems with greater flexibility and precision. CNC machines are now used across many industries to automate machining processes. The document outlines the advantages of CNC machines like higher productivity, quality and accuracy compared to manual machine tools. It provides definitions of CNC and describes the typical components and closed-loop control systems used.
Paul Brodbeck has 30 years of experience in process control engineering and chemical engineering. He advocates for a top-down approach to developing complex and maintainable PAT systems by starting with simple building blocks and adding complexity over time through a learn-by-doing method. This includes implementing basic PID control loops first and then expanding to more advanced multivariate and multi-variable process control strategies using online analyzers and modeling techniques in MATLAB.
The document describes an industrial training institute that offers a 24-week CNC machining and programming course. The course covers topics like CNC turning, milling, programming using Fanuc and Siemens controllers, tooling, safety procedures, and more. It is aimed at candidates with qualifications in mechanical/production fields and includes both theoretical and practical training.
Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features, machining centre, and part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining
The document discusses OPAL-RT's EMTP-RV real-time interface capabilities. It describes how EMTP-RV circuit models can be converted to Simulink diagrams for real-time simulation using a data translator and custom netlist generation. Examples show asynchronous machine models and a 23-bus network converted from EMTP-RV and simulated in real-time. The conclusions state that most EMTP-RV models and functionalities can now be translated to Simulink/SimPowerSystems for real-time simulation using the commercialized EMTP-RV interface in OPAL-RT products.
This document provides an overview of numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) systems and programming. It discusses the basic components and types of NC systems, CNC machine construction details, part programming fundamentals, and micromachining processes like wafer machining. The key topics covered include NC axis conventions, CNC drive systems, work holding, automatic tool changers, programming methods, coordinate systems, tool and work offsets, interpolation types, subroutines, canned cycles, and surface micromachining.
This document provides information about numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machining. It defines NC as using coded programs to automatically operate machines, with CNC adding an onboard computer. The history of NC is described from its origins in 1947 to modern CNC. Key aspects of CNC systems like controllers, programming, and integrated CAD/CAM are summarized. Other machining techniques like EDM and laser cutting are also briefly outlined.
The document discusses numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It covers topics like the basic components and classification of NC machines, different control systems used in NC/CNC like open loop and closed loop systems, types of NC machines based on control system like point-to-point and contouring systems, driving systems including AC, DC and stepping motors, tooling systems, applications and advantages/disadvantages of NC/CNC machines. The document also discusses part programming fundamentals, manual and CNC part programming, micromachining and wafer machining processes.
The document discusses numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It covers topics like the basic components and classification of NC machines, different control systems used in NC/CNC like open loop and closed loop systems, types of NC machines based on control system like point-to-point and contouring systems, driving systems including AC, DC and stepping motors, tooling systems, applications and advantages/disadvantages of NC/CNC machines. The document also discusses part programming fundamentals, manual and CNC part programming, micromachining techniques like surface micromachining and wafer machining.
This document provides an overview of numerical control and computer numerical control systems. It discusses the need for NC/CNC, the advantages and disadvantages, classifications of NC machines, and components of NC systems such as driving devices, feedback devices, dimensioning systems, and interpolation methods. Key points covered include the history of NC development, the difference between open-loop and closed-loop control, and explanations of incremental and absolute positioning systems.
This document provides information on numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It discusses the basic components and classification of NC machines, types of numerical control systems, and part programming fundamentals for CNC machines. The document also covers topics like micromachining, wafer machining, and manual part programming for CNC machines.
Unit 4-ME8691 & COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURINGMohanumar S
This document provides information on numerical control systems and computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It defines numerical control and describes traditional NC, CNC, and DNC systems. It discusses the basic components of NC systems including software, machine control units, and machine tools. It also covers CNC machine construction, driving systems, tooling systems, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of NC and CNC machines. Finally, it discusses topics like part programming fundamentals, coordinate systems, canned cycles, and micromachining.
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses information technology to support engineers in tasks like analysis, simulation, design, planning, diagnosis, and repair. CAE tools are used to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies. CAE encompasses simulation, validation, and optimization of products and manufacturing tools. In the future, CAE systems will provide more information to support design teams in decision making.
Quick NC simulation & verification for high speed machiningLiu PeiLing
Numerical Control (NC) machining is the cutting edge of modern manufacturing technology. NC errors could break cutter edges, destroy work pieces and even damage the machine tool. In recent years, more and higher speed cutting is applied in the industry due to the advancement of machine tool technology and the demand of shorter production time. However, checking the NC codes for high speed machining is difficult due to the lack of information on material removal rate and the large size of NC blocks. In this paper, a novel high speed NC simulation method in an extended Z-map approach is presented, which offers higher simulation accuracy of the resulted geometry and with reasonable cutting load calculation. In conclusion the authors propose the pervasive manufacturing modeling and simulation for multi machining and layered manufacturing processes.
Unit 4-FUNDAMENTAL OF CNC AND PART PROGRAMING.pptxdinesh babu
This document provides an overview of numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) systems used to automate machine tools. It discusses the basic components and classifications of NC systems, including traditional NC, CNC, and distributed NC. The document also covers part programming fundamentals, including coordinate systems, preparatory functions, and canned cycles used in CNC part programs. Various CNC machine types and applications are described, along with advantages and disadvantages of NC and CNC automation.
Components of CNC Machine _ Parts of CNC Machine - Engineering Learn.pdfManjunathan99
The document discusses the key components of a CNC machine. It describes 18 main components: 1) the central processing unit, 2) the memory control unit, 3) the programmable logic controller, 4) the machine control panel, 5) the machine tool, 6) the input devices, 7) the servomotor, 8) the servo control unit, 9) the feedback devices, 10) the feedback system, 11) the display unit, 12) the driving system, 13) the bed, 14) the headstock, 15) the tailstock, 16) the tailstock quill, 17) the footswitch or pedal, and 18) the chuck. Each of these components plays an important role
An Approach to Overcome Modeling Inaccuracies for Performance Simulation Sig...Pankaj Singh
RNM is finding prominence in functional verification signoff, However there is clear modeling gap when it comes to performance simulation of high-speed SerDes. Sometimes the pre-silicon simulation results show passing results with respect to Jitter tolerance (JTOL) specification which may not match the actual silicon validation results. These performance issues manifest due to inaccuracies of model where it may not comprehend the actual circuit behavior. There is no clear methodology to overcome these model gaps for performance simulation signoff.
This paper discusses in detail the techniques used to accurately model and verify high-speed SerDes systems for performance simulation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Camsys overview
1. CAM Systems & CNC Machine
Overview - Lecture 3
Overview to Computer Aided Manufacturing -
ENGR-2963 - Fall 2005
Class Manager - Sam Chiappone
2. History
1955 - John Parsons and US Air Force define a
need to develop a machine tool capable of
machining complex and close tolerance aircraft
parts with the same quality time after time
(repeatability). MIT is the subcontractor and
builds the machine for the project.
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
3. History: Continued
1959 - MIT announces Automatic Programmed
Tools (APT) programming language
1960 - Direct Numerical Control (DNC). This
eliminates paper tape punch programs and allows
programmers to send files directly to machine
tools
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
4. History: Continued
1968 - Kearney & Trecker machine tool builders
market first machining center
1970’s - CNC machine tools & Distributed
Numerical Control
1980’s - Graphics based CAM systems
introduced. Unix and PC based systems available
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
5. History: Continued
1990’s - Price drop in CNC technology
1997 - PC- Windows/NT based “Open Modular
Architecture Control (OMAC)” systems
introduced to replace “firmware” controllers.
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
6. Control Systems
Open-Loop Control
– Stepper motor system
– Current pulses sent from control unit to motor
– Each pulse results in a finite amount of revolution of
the motor001” is possible
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
7. Control Systems
Open-Loop Limitations
– Control unit “assumes” desired position is achieved
– No positioning compensation
– Typically, a lower torque motor
Open-Loop Advantages
– Less complex, Less costly, and lower maintenance
costs
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
8. Control Systems
Closed-Loop Control
– Variable DC motors - Servos
– Positioning sensors -Resolvers
» Feedback to control unit
» Position information compared to target location
» Location errors corrected
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
9. Control Systems
Closed-Loop Advantages
– DC motors have the ability to reverse instantly to adjust
for position error
– Error compensation allows for greater positional
accuracy (.0001”)
– DC motors have higher torque ranges vs.. stepper
motors
Closed-loop limitations
– Cost
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
10. Three Basic Categories of
Motion Systems
Point to Point - No contouring capability
Straight cut control - one axis motion at a time is
controlled for machining
Contouring - multiple axis’s controlled
simultaneously
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
11. Three Basic Categories of
Motion Systems
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
12. CNC vs. NC Machine Tools
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) - A
numerical control system in which the data
handling, control sequences, and response to input
is determined by an on-board computer system at
the machine tool.
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
13. CNC
Advantages
– Increased Program storage capability at the machine tool
– Program editing at the machine tool
– Control systems upgrades possible
– Option -resident CAM system at machine tool
– Tool path verification
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
14. NC
Numerical Control (NC) - A control system which
primarily processes numeric input. Limited
programming capability at the machine tool. Limited
logic beyond direct input. These types of systems are
referred to as “hardwire controls” and were popular
from the 1950’s to 1970’s.
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
15. Machining Centers
A machining center can be defined as a machine tool
capable of:
– Multiple operation and processes in a single set-up
utilizing multiple axis
– Typically has an automatic mechanism to change tools
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
16. Machining Centers
– Machine motion is programmable
– Servo motors drive feed mechanisms for tool axis’s
– Positioning feedback is provided by resolvers to the
control system
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
17. Machining Centers
Example - A turning center capable of OD
turning, external treading, cross-hole drilling,
engraving, and milling. All in machining is
accomplished in one “set-up.” Machine may have
multiple spindles.
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
18. Machining Centers
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
19. Programming Methods
Automatically Programmed Tools (APT)
– A text based system in which a programmer defines a
series of lines, arcs, and points which define the
overall part geometry locations. These features are
then used to generate a cutter location (CL) file.
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
20. Programming Methods-APT
– Developed as a joint effort between the aerospace
industry, MIT, and the US Airforce
– Still used today and accounts for about 5 -10% of all
programming in the defense and aerospace industries
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
21. Programming Methods-APT
– Requires excellent 3D visualization skills
– Capable of generating machine code for complicated
part programs
» 5 axis machine tools
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
22. Programming Methods-APT
Part definition
P1=Point/12,20,0
C1=Circle/Center,P1,Radius,3
LN1=Line/C1. ATANGL,90
Cutter Commands
TLRT,GORT/LN1.TANTO,C1
GOFWD/C1,TANTO,L5
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
23. Programming Methods-CAM
Computer Aided Machining (CAM) Systems
– Graphic representation of the part
– PC based
– Integrated CAD/CAM functionality
– “Some” built-in expertise
Speed & feed data based on material and tool specifications
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
24. Programming Methods-CAM
– Tool & material libraries
– Tool path simulation
– Tool path editing
– Tool path optimization
– Cut time calculations for cost estimating
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
25. Programming Methods-CAM
– Import / export capabilities to other systems
» Examples:
Drawing Exchange Format (DXF)
Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES)
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
26. The Process CAD to NC File
Start with graphic representation of part
– Direct input
– Import from external system
» Example DXF / IGES
– 2D or 3D scan
» Model or Blueprint
(At this point you have a graphics file of your geometry)
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
27. The Process CAD to NC File
Define cutter path by selecting geometry
– Contours
– Pockets
– Hole patterns
– Surfaces
– Volume to be removed
(At this point the system knows what you want to cut)
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
28. The Process CAD to NC File
Define cut parameters
– Tool information
» Type, Rpm, Feed
– Cut method
» Example - Pocket mill zig-zag, spiral, inside-out
» Rough and finish parameters
(At this point the system knows how you want to cut the part)
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
29. The Process CAD to NC File
Execute cutter simulation
– Visual representation of cutter motion
Modify / delete cutter sequences
(At this point the system has a “generic” cutter location (CL)
file of the cut paths)
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
30. The Process CAD to NC File
Post Processing
– CL file to machine specific NC code
Filters CL information and formats it into NC
code based on machine specific parameters
– Work envelope
– Limits - feed rates, tool changer, rpm’s, etc.
– G & M function capabilities
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
31. Output: NC Code
Numerical Control (NC) Language
– A series of commands which “direct” the cutter motion
and support systems of the machine tool.
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
32. Output: NC Code
G-Codes (G00, G1, G02, G81)
Coordinate data (X,Y,Z)
Feed Function (F)
Miscellaneous functions (M13)
N - Program sequence number
T - Tool call
S - Spindle command
Intro to CAM
Rensselaer Polytechnic Chiappone
Institute
34. Example of CNC
Programming
What What Must Be Done To Drill A Hole On A
CNC Vertical Milling Machine
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35. Tool Home
Top
View
1.) X & Y Rapid To Hole Position
Front
View
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36. Top
View 2.) Z Axis Rapid Move
Just Above Hole
3.) Turn On Coolant
4.) Turn On Spindle
Front .100”
View
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37. Top
View
5.) Z Axis Feed Move to
Drill Hole
Front
View
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38. Top
View 6.) Rapid Z Axis Move
Out Of Hole
Front
View
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39. Top
View 7.) Turn Off Spindle
8.) Turn Off Coolant
9.) X&Y Axis Rapid
Move Home
Front
View
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40. Here’s The CNC Program! Tool At Home
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
Front N030 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
View N035 M30
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41. Tool At Home
Top O0001
View O0001
Number Assigned to this program
Front
View
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42. Tool At Home
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N005 Sequence Number
G54 Fixture Offset
G90 Absolute Programming Mode
S600 Spindle Speed set to 600 RPM
M03 Spindle on in a Clockwise Direction
Front
View
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43. Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
G00 Rapid Motion
X1.0 X Coordinate 1.0 in. from Zero
Y1.0 Y Coordinate 1.0 in. from Zero
Front
View
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44. Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
G43 Tool Length Compensation
H01 Specifies Tool length compensation
Z.1 Z Coordinate .1 in. from Zero
Front M08 Flood Coolant On
View
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45. Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
G01 Straight Line Cutting Motion
Z-.75 Z Coordinate -.75 in. from Zero
Front F3.5 Feed Rate set to 3.5 in./min.
View
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46. Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
Front G00 Rapid Motion
Z.1 Z Coordinate .1 in. from Zero
View M09 Coolant Off
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47. O0001
N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
Top
View N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
N030 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
G91 Incremental Programming Mode
Front G28 Zero Return Command
View X0, Y0, Z0
X,Y,& Z Coordinates at Zero
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48. Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
Front N030 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
View N035 M30
M30 End of Program
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49. Output: NC Code - Canned
Cycles
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50. CAD to NC Code
Import DXF Geometry
File IGES Direct input
Tool Path Generation
What you want to cut
How you want to cut
Tool Type
CL Rpm’s – Feeds
Post Process Method
File
Canned cycles
Cut direction
NC Code OEM
N1 G80 G90 Custom
N3 G0 T01 M06 Language
N5 G0 X0 Y0
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51. Advantages of CNC Machine
Tools
Ease of part duplication
Flexibility
Repeatability
Quality control through process control
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52. Advantages of CNC Machine
Tools
Accommodates simple to complex parts geometry
Improved part aesthetics
Increased productivity
Technology costs are decreasing
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53. Advantages of CNC Machine
Tools
Reduced set-up time
Reduced lead times
Reduced inventory
Better machine utilization
Job advancement opportunities
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54. Advantages of CNC Machine
Tools
CNC machine tools are more rigid than
conventional machine tools
– $$$- Climb milling requires about 10 - 15 % less horsepower vs.
conventional cutting, but requires a ridged machine tool with no
backlash
– Increased Rpm’s and feeds
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Editor's Notes
An example of creating a CNC program using a simple hole drilled on a computer numerical controlled (CNC) vertical milling machine.
In this case, we are using a simple analogy to stress how a programmer must be able to visualize a CNC program’s execution. We first look at how a machinist would machine a hole in a work piece held in a vise on a milling machine. Then we’ll show how the same operation will be performed with a CNC program. The machinist standing in front of the milling machine has everything they need right in front of them. They wouldn’t forget something as simple as turning the spindle on before trying to drill the hole. On the other hand, a CNC programmer must typically work with nothing more than a blueprint, a pencil, a calculator, and a blank piece of paper. They must be able to visualize every motion and function of the program’s execution in their minds .
Here is the same operation (drilling a hole) performed by a CNC program. Each step will be explained.