Manuela Porceddu and Michele Campagna "Urbanisation processes in landscape protected areas in Sardinia"

1. Urbanisation processes
in landscape protected areas
in Sardinia
by
Manuela Porceddu, Michele Campagna
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

2. Context
Where:
Landscape protected areas by Law 1497/39 in the Island of Sardinia
What:
Strong anthropogenic pressure
How:
Preliminary assessment of past and current urbanisation processes in
these protected areas based on Sardinian Regional SDI spatial data
Why:
Supporting the update of existing protection strategies and measures
within the framework of the Regional Landscape Plan (RLP)
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

3. Regional
geoportal
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

4. ISTAT
Series
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

5. Landscape protection framework
International level
2000: European Landscape Convention (ELC)
National level
2004: Decree n°42 (“Urbani Code”) “Piano Paesaggistico Regionale”
1999: Legislative Decree n° 490
“Piano Paesistico”
1985: Law n° 431 (“Galasso”)
1939: Law n° 1497 “Piano Territoriale Paesistico”
1922: Law n° 778 (no plan)
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

6. Landscape protection framework - Plans
First PTP Sardinian PTP’s RLP
(1979) (1993-2006) (2006)
“Molentargius - Monte Urpinu”
“PTP n. 14 - Isole di “Ambito n. 1 -
S.Pietro e S.Antioco” Golfo di Cagliari”
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

7. Urbanisation processes
Historic centres
Urban growth before 1950
Urban sprawl after 1950
Tourist settlements
Major industrial areas, Production and
Commercial sites
Quarries and Mines
Military sites and Major structures of public services
Infrastructures
Artificial water bodies
Transport Infrastructure networks (Roads, Railroads)
and nodes Landscape protected
areas by Law 1497/39
… in Sardinia
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

8. Urbanisation processes
Urbanised surfaces identified in RLP
5% Urbanized areas
according to the
classification of the RLP
Rest of the landscape
95%
Sardinia Landscape
Urban centres protected areas
0,1%
Tourist settlements 0,2%
1% 0,5%
0,4% Major industrial areas, Production and
1,5%
0,2% Commercial sites 0,5%
Quarries and Mines 2,5%
0,3% Military sites and Major structures of
1,5%
1,8% public service
Roads, Railroads (occupied surface)
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

9. Urbanisation and sprawl
Main cities and towns
Main urban sprawl drivers:
the post-II World War urban expansions (until the late 1950s)
the attempts to implement strategic planning by the so-called
“Piano di Rinascita” (since the 1960s).
The analysis on a set of 29 protected urban sites (18% of the total),
shows since 1960 urban land use in landscape protected areas
has almost doubled (44%)
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

10. Urbanisation and sprawl
Growth in protected urban sites
Landscape areas
Tempio Pausania protected by Law 1497/39
existing in 1960
Sassari
Alghero
Nuoro
Urban land uses until 1960
44%
56%
Urban land uses since 1960
to recent period
Cagliari
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

11. Urbanization and sprawl
Tourist areas
The analysis on selected landscape protection sites affected by tourist
development shows since 1970 to 1983,
over 50% of all tourist implementation plans in Sardinia were approved and
the 96% of them lay in protected areas defined by Law 1497/39.
Law 1497/39 and the Landscape plans
failed to give operational tools for the implementation of protection measures
allowing for changes towards not conformant land-uses
and the share of tourist settlement rate in protected areas rise up again.
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

12. Urbanization and sprawl
Landscape protected areas sites in tourist coastal areas
Landscape areas
protected by Law 1497/39
sites in tourist coastal areas
0,1%
15,6%
Until 1970
1970 - 1983
30,6% 53,7% 1984 - 1997
1998 - 2004
Tourist implementation plans approved in Sardinia
since 1970 to 2004
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

13. Land-use changes
Rural areas
The analysis based on the Regional SDI geodatabase
(time series 2003 and 2008) concerning land-use changes in rural areas,
focuses on agricultural land, and in details on permanent crop land
(orchards and traditional crops such as olive groves and vineyards).
In 2003-2008 agricultural areas of Sardinian land decreased from 37% to 35%.
Meanwhile permanent crops increase about 18% and a similar trend was found in
landscape protected areas, though with minor change rate ( +14%).
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

14. Land-use changes
Agricultural areas and permanent crops in 2003 - 2008
37%
Trend of agricultural areas
27%
35%
26%
2003 2008 2003 2008
Sardinia Landscape areas
protected by Law 1497/39
Variation of permanent crops
+18%
+14%
Landscape areas
Sardinia Landscape areas
Sardinia
protected by Law 1497/39
protected by Law n° 1497/39
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

15. Population dynamics and residential
occupancy
Population positive trend along time
1991-2001: decrease in population (–1% in Sardinia, -7% in
landscape protected areas ), increase in the number of the
houses (+15% in Sardinia, +3% in landscape protected areas)
and in the number of houses occupied by non-residents
(from 25% to 27% in Sardinia, and from 47% to 50% in
landscape protected areas)
2001: 20% of total regional population was living in
landscape protected areas.
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

16. Conclusions (I)
Issues
Overall lack of efficacy in the implementation of the landscape protection policies
given by the national legislative framework in the last 70 years, particularly with regards
to urban and tourist settlements growth
Negative population growth rate paralleled by the increase of real estate stock shows
a decreasing occupancy rate, particularly in landscape and natural protected areas
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

17. Conclusions (II)
Opportunities
The recent development in Italian legislation for landscape protection and the current
update of the RLP may allow to amend past practices towards a more careful
implementation of landscape safeguard policies
The Regional SDI was proven to enable analyses for the assessment of the impacts of
past and current spatial development policies
Further coordinated actions to promote sustainable rural land use
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it

18. Thank you
for your attention!
M. Porceddu mporceddu@unica.it
M. Campagna campagna@unica.it