Camel cigarettes
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The Joe Camel cigarette ads were banned in 1997 because they were targeting children. Studies showed that children as young as 6 could correctly identify Joe Camel as the mascot for Camel cigarettes. As part of banning the Joe Camel ads, R.J. Reynolds had to pay $10 million to fund anti-smoking efforts in California cities. New restrictions in 1997 and 2010 banned outdoor cigarette advertising, use of cartoons in ads, and included audio restrictions for tobacco advertisements.
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made. They reflect what is considered important and what a com-
pany wants to achieve.
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risks of smoking. It is hard to gauge the influence of such semi-
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Strategic decisions move a company toward its stated goals and
perceived success. Strategic decisions also reflect the firm’s social
responsibility and the ethical values on which such decisions are
made. They reflect what is considered important and what a com-
pany wants to achieve.
Mark Pastin, writing on the function of ethics in business deci-
sions, observes:
There are fundamental principles, or ground rules, by which
organizations act. Like the ground rules of individuals,
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possible for the organization and what the actions mean.
Buried beneath the charts of organizational responsibility,
the arcane strategies, the crunched numbers, and the politi-
cal intrigue of every firm are sound rules by which the game
unfolds.
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national firms and governments and also reflect the social respon-
sibility and ethical values underpinning the decisions. Study the
following situations in the global cigarette marketplace carefully
and assess the ground rules that guided the decisions of firms and
governments.
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In the United States, 480,000 deaths, about one in five, are related to
smoking each year. About 250 billion cigarettes were sold in the U.S.
in 2017, but sales are shrinking rapidly. Unit sales have been drop-
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5 percent in the last 10 years. The U.S. Surgeon General’s campaign
against smoking, higher cigarette taxes, nonsmoking rules in public
areas, and the concern Americans have about general health have
led to the decline in tobacco consumption. Faced with various class-
action lawsuits, the success of states in winning lawsuits, and pend-
ing federal legislation, tobacco companies have stepped up their
international marketing activities to maintain profits.
Even though companies have agreed to sweeping restrictions in
the United States on cigarette marketing and secondhand smoke
and to bolder cancer-warning labels, they are fighting as hard as
ever in the Third World to convince the media, the public, and
policymakers that similar changes are not needed. In seminars at
luxury resorts worldwide, tobacco companies invite journalists, all
expenses paid, to participate in programs that play down the health
risks of smoking. It is hard to gauge the influence of such semi-
nars, but in the Philippines, a government plan to reduce smoking
by children was “neutralized” by a public relations campaign from
cigarette companies to remove “cancer awareness and prevention”
as a “key concern.” A slant in favor of the tobacco industry’s point
of view seemed to prevail.
At a time when most industrialized countries are discourag-
ing smoking, the tobacco industry is avidly courting consumers
throughout the developing world using catchy slogans, obvious
image campaigns, and single-cigarette sales t.
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Prohibition was the act of making alcohol illegal in the United States from 1920 to 1933, as mandated by the 18th Amendment. The temperance movement in the late 19th century pushed for prohibition as a way to reduce alcohol-related issues like domestic abuse. However, prohibition failed to stop alcohol consumption and led to the rise of organized crime rings that bootlegged alcohol. Speakeasies, underground bars that served alcohol, proliferated during this time. Famous gangsters like Al Capone gained power and wealth through bootlegging and other illegal activities related to prohibition. By the 1930s, opposition to prohibition grew and it was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.
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The Leo Burnett Co.'s Marlboro Man campaign from 1955 onward is ranked as the #3 most influential advertising campaign of all time. Leo Burnett founded the agency in 1935 and created iconic campaigns for many brands. For Marlboro cigarettes, Burnett used American western themes featuring real cowboys and stuntmen, known as the Marlboro Men, to promote the brand's filters as a safer cigarette. The campaign was highly successful, helping Marlboro become the top cigarette brand by the 1970s. However, several Marlboro Men later died from smoking-related illnesses.
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COMU3222 (Part 1)
Between 1950-1970:
1) Smoking rates in the US were very high, with over half of men and a quarter of women smoking daily.
2) The tobacco industry formed the Tobacco Industry Research Committee to promote the idea that smoking was not conclusively linked to health risks and fund research that countered public health studies.
3) Government regulations on tobacco advertising increased through the 1960s due to pressure from health organizations' research showing smoking caused cancer, though the tobacco industry fought these measures through lobbying and advertising.
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This document provides background information on changing social values and cultural conflicts in the United States during the 1920s. It discusses the differences between rural and urban lifestyles as many Americans migrated to cities during this period. This urbanization led to clashes between traditional rural values and the new, modern culture of the cities. One example given is the conflict between fundamentalism and the teaching of evolution, which came to a head in the famous Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925. The document examines several social and cultural issues that emerged from the changing times, including Prohibition and the rise of organized crime. In summary, it outlines how the rapid changes of the 1920s created divisions as Americans grappled with adjusting traditional ways of life.
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The document provides a history of advertising in the United States from the early 1700s to modern day. It discusses the growth of the advertising industry and key developments over time, including the first newspaper advertisements in Boston in 1704, the rise of magazines in the 1700s, the founding of the first advertising agency in 1843, and the emergence of radio and television advertising in the 1920s. It also outlines major occupations within the advertising field and different forms and mediums of advertising used today.
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The document provides a history of American advertising from the 18th century to present day. It discusses the growth and organization of the advertising industry in the US. Key topics covered include the first newspaper advertisements in the 1700s, the rise of advertising agencies in the 1800s, employment trends and occupations within the industry, and important events and technological developments that shaped advertising over time, including radio, television, and the internet.
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The letter urges the US Senate Committee on Health to pass a law banning all tobacco advertising. It summarizes research showing that tobacco advertising influences tobacco usage rates, especially among teenagers and young adults. Banning tobacco advertising would significantly reduce tobacco consumption and positively impact public health, as evidenced by other countries that have enacted such bans. The letter cites experts who argue that the tobacco industry strategically targets youth to replace smokers who quit or pass away, exploiting teenagers' need for independence, and that banning advertising would undermine this strategy by decreasing smoking initiation rates among youth.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
All info about Diabetes and how to control it.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Camel cigarettes
- 2. Joe Camel Ad
- 3. Analysis • Cigarette ads are made to seem that successful people smoke • Smoking will give you everything you ever wanted • Smoking cigarettes will give you a different persona • Smoking will give you a smooth character • People in Hollywood smoke and they are famous.
- 4. Banned • The Joe Camel ads where banned in 1997, because Camel was thought to be targeting little kids • Children the age of 6 could correctly associate “Joe Camel” with cigarettes as they could associate the Disney Channel logo with Mickey Mouse (The Journal of the American Medical Association) • The marketing team from R.J. Reynolds also had to pay $10 million dollars to San Francisco and other California cities to fund anti-smoking efforts
- 5. Cigarette ad restrictions • In 1997, the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement bans outdoor, billboard, and public transportation advertising of cigarettes in 46 states. • It also banned advertisements targeting young children • Also banned the use of cartoons such as Marlboro Man and Joe Camel
- 6. Tobacco Control Act • Signed into law on June 22, 2010 by President Barak Obama • Newly effective with this act, “audio advertisements are not permitted to contain any music or sound effects • Any audio soundtrack accompanying a video advertisement is limited to words only, with no music or sound effects