This document contains summaries of 10 chapters related to the Indian constitution and government. It provides definitions for key terms like secularism, federalism, and separation of powers. It also summarizes the structure and purpose of important government institutions like the parliament, judiciary, and public services. Multiple choice questions are included with short answers summarizing the roles of things like the prime minister, fundamental rights, and the purpose of having laws and a constitution.

1. Chapter -1
(The Indian Constitution)
Q.1- Cite two countries who are in the process of
preparing their constitution?
Ans.- (1) Nepal
(2) Bhutan
Q.2- Do you think all countries require a constitution?
Ans.- Constitution is the mirror of country to reflect their
political system.
Q.3- What does a constitution describe ?
Ans.- Constitution describes The fundamental rules and
basic law which is governed by our society.
Q.4- What do you understand by the system of checks and
balances ?
Ans.- Checks and balances help to allay any attempt at
authoritarian rule or any other form of injustice.
Q.5- How does a constitution prevent the tyranny of the
government?
Ans.- Some people may use their lordship for dominating
members of their own community then growth of
minority might be stopped. So, Constitution is
prevent the tyranny of the minority by the majority.

2. Q.6- Different between fundamental right and directive
principles of state policy ?
Ans.- Fundamental right are mandatory for government
and it is concerned with the individual but the
directive principles are optional for government and
it is concerned with the society.
Q.7- What do you understand by secularism?
Ans.- Purely secularism means freedom of religion and
non-interference policy of state in religious activity
and all religions are equal before law.
Q.9- Constitutions serve several purpose; Discuss.
Ans.- Constitutions serve several purpose are –
1.Justice :- The Constitution gives the opportunity
‘Justice For All’ to India citizen. so every people
have right to get justice.
2.Liberty :- Constitution provides liberty to all
citizen of India to secure their freedom.
3.Equality :- This objective ensure the equality of
citizen and all are equal in the eye of law.
4.Fraternity :- Constitutions encourage the
nationalism and brotherhood among the Indian
citizen.
5.Integrity :- Constitution makes unity for strength
and connect to each others.

3. Chapter - 2
(Understanding Seclarism)
Q.- fill in the blanks.
1. theocratic state
2. preamble
3. history and culture
4. freedom of religion
Q.- True or false
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
Q.1- How is the practice of secularism in USA different
from the practice of Indian secularism.
Ans.- In the USA, state will not intervene in affairs of the
religion and religion will not interfere in the affairs
of the state. but in India, State can intervene in
religious affairs.
Q.2- What affirmative action does the Indian state take to
promote freedom of religion?
Ans.- In the fundamental right article 25 to 29 give the
guarantee to freedom of religion.

4. Q.3- What does our constitution promote communal
harmony?
Ans.- Our constitution promotes the communal harmony
by belief that all religion are equal before law.
Q.4- How does the Indian constitution promote
secularism? Cite three instances.
Ans.- (1) All religions are equal before law
(2) The Indian state does not have an official religion
(3) Respect the sentiments and freedom of all
religions
Q.5- Name at least one country where secularism is
compulsory.
Ans.- India, USA and UK
Q.6- What is secularism?
Ans.- Secularism means separation of religion from the
state.
Q.7- List the different festivals on which holidays are
declared in your schools?
Ans.- 1. Diwali or Deepawali
2. Holi
3. Eid-ul-fitar
4. Christmas
5. Rakshabandhan

5. 6. Onam
7. Baisakhi
8. Independence day
9. Republican day
10. Mahatma Gandhi jayanti
Q.8- Why is the question of secularism not one of
sentiment but of law in India?
Ans.- The secular objective of the state has been
specifically expressed by inserting the word ‘secular’
in the preamble. It means freedom of religion is the
fundamental rights of all citizens not only one.
Q.9- How is the different from a theocratic state?
Ans.- In a theocratic state a a particular religion is given
priority over other religions. countries like Pakistan
and Iran are Islamic republics, where Islam is given
precedence but other religions also coexist. The
Vatican city is also an example of a theocratic state.

6. Chapter - 3
(Why Do We Need a Parlament)
Q.- Tick the correct answer.
1. Majority
2. legacy of the India’s freedom
3. franchise or suffrage
4. the highest number of votes
5. three sessions
Q.2- State true or false
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
Q.1- What do the words in the preamble “we, the people
of India” mean?
Ans.- It means that People of India govern country
ourselves.
Q.2- When did India adopt the universal adult franchise?
Ans.- Since 1951
Q.3- Why is it said that people are sovereign?

7. Ans.- Because people have a right to vote a government
into power and also vote a government out of power.
Q.4- Who is the leader of the House in lok sabha?
Ans.- Prime minister
Q.5- Who is the leader of the opposition?
Ans.- second, highest vote achiever party choose their
opposition leader.
Q.6- What is universal adult franchise?
Ans.- Universal adult franchise gives the right to vote to
every Indian who is 18 years or above.
Q.7- What is the bicameral system?
Ans.- Bicameral system of parliament provides two house
of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Q.8- How are the Rajya Sabha member elected?
Ans.- The representatives of a state are elected the Rajya
Sabha members by single transferable vote and 12
members are nominated by president.
Q.9- Who becomes the leader of the House?
Ans.- The majority party elected their leader as becomes
prime minister.

8. Q.10- Describe the legislative functions of the parliament?
Ans.- Legislative functions of parliament:-
1- Monitoring the expenditure of public funds :-
Parliament control all finance activity of Executives,
prepare annual budget and impose the taxes.
2- Power to amend the constitution :- The parliament
has power to pass the bill and amend the constitution.
3- Judicialfunction :- The parliament can be impeach
to president, vice president, high court judge and
other high federal officer.
4- Electoral function :- The parliament participates in
the election of the president and vice president.

9. Chapter - 4
(Understanding Law)
Ans.- Fill In the Blank.
1. Law
2. Parliament
3. Enacted
4. Article 14
Ans.- 1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
Q.1- Give one reason why law is needed?
Ans.- Law is needed for preventing unjust and crime.
Q.2- How did word ‘Law’ originated?
Ans.- The word Law was originated from Latin word ‘leg’.
Q.3- What is anarchy?
Ans.- If there were no law and chaos and confusion
everywhere, that is anarchy.
Q.4- Why are law important?
Or
Why do we need laws?

10. Ans.- Law is important for ;
1. prevent unjust and crime
2. To avoid any kind of chaos and confusion
Q.5- How are the new law formed in India?
Ans.- The Law formed in India in four steps :
1.First, a bill is introduced in the parliament.
2.Second, the bill is passed by the parliament.
3.Third, The bill, after getting passed by the
parliament is sent to the president for his
acceptance.
4.Fourth, when bill is adopted in the parliament, it
becomes an act and after acceptance of president it
becomes law.

11. Chapter - 5
(The Judiciary)
Q.1- What is the judiciary composed of?
Ans.- The Judiciary composed of Courts, Judges and
Justice.
Q.2- Into how many levels is the Judiciary divided?
Ans.- 1. Supreme Court
2. High Courts
3. Subordinate Courts
Q.3- What are Nyay panchayat?
Ans.- Small, low scale courts which provide fast justice to
villagers are called Nyay panchayat.
Q.4- How are the judges of the Supreme Court appointed?
Ans.- 1. Be a citizen of India
2. Be an advocate at a high court for at least 10
years.
3. Be an judge of High court for at least 5 years
Q.5- What are the powers and functions of the High
Court?
Ans.- 1. It approves a death sentence awarded by a
sessions judge
2. It supervises the activities of the lower records.

12. Q.6- With what objectives were Lok Adalat set up?
Ans.- Lok adalat set up for giving fast descions and saving
money.
Q.7- ‘PIL is a weapon for the poor’. Explain?
Ans.- Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was set up in 1980 by
Supreme Court for ensure justice for poor people.
Q.8- What is the difference between civil law and criminal
Law?
Ans.- page no. 257
Q.9- Why do we need a judiciary?
Ans.- We need Judiciary for
1.Settling the disputes
2.Interpretation of the laws
3.Protecting our fundamental rights
4.Establishing the rule of law
5.Advisory jurisdiction

13. Chapter - 6
(Understanding our Criminal Justice Sysem)
Q.1- Who is public prosecutor?
Ans.- A public prosecutor the offender who violates the
laws.
Q.2- Who heads the police administration in a state?
Ans.- Director General of police
Q.3- What is a First information report (FIR)?
Ans.- FIR is written document filed by the victim in police
station.
Q.4- Who is responsible for the defense of the accused?
Ans.- Defense lawyer is responsible for the defense of the
accused.
Q.5- What do you understand by fair trial?
Ans.- Fair trial is a opportunity to accused for defending
himself or herself in court.
Q.6- Describe the procedure to file an FIR.
Ans.- First information report (FIR) is filed by the victim
or victim’s family. FIR is a written document
prepared by the police which they mention the date,
time, place and detail of the offence including a

14. description of the event. Police hand over that report
with accused to the court and court decides that
accused is guilty or innocent.

15. Chapter - 9
(Public Facilities)
Q.1- What is meant by public facility?
Ans.- Facility for each and everyone are called public
facility.
Q.2- Who is responsible for providing public facilities to
the people?
Ans.- Government
Q.3- Why do large numbers of people die in India?
Ans.- Due to non-availability of safe water for drinking
Q.4- Why does the Government provide for public
facilities?
Ans.- Government provide facilities to public for making
their life more comfortable and make them
productive.
Q.5- Is water a fundamental Right?
Ans.- Water is a fundamental Right as a part of Right to
life under article 21.
Q.6- What do you know of the rapid transit system in
India?

16. Ans.- Rapid transit in India consists of metro and monorail
system. In 1984, Kolkata metro first time started
rapid transit in India.
Q.7- Why has the Transport system made rapid progress
in India of late?
Ans.- Transport in India is an important part of the nation’s
economy. Since 1990s, development of infrastructure
within the country has progressed at a rapid pace,
and today there is a wide variety of modes of
transport by land water and air. However, accesses to
these facilities are not consistent and uniform across
the country.

17. Chapter - 10
(Law and Social Justice)
Q.1- On what is the principle of social justice founded?
Ans.- On the principle of human right and equality
Q.2- When is the minimum wage revised?
Ans.- Twice a year
Q.3- What is the age group of children who are covered by
the Right to Education Act?
Ans.- 6-14 years age group
Q.4- What do the many government schemes and policies
aim to achieve?
Ans.- Many government schemes and policies aim to
achieve equality of opportunity to ensure social
justice.
Q.5- Mention some places where children cannot be
employed?
Ans.- Children cannot be employed in:
1.Transport sector
2.Railway station
3.Firework industries
4.Plastic or fiberglass workshop
5.Automobile and garages

18. Q.6- Why is labor easily available in India?
Ans.- India has a high rate of population growth as well as
unemployment. So labor is very easily available in
India. There are many sectors, where unskilled
worker are required but that sectors are often very
risky and they ignore all safety issues for earning
profit. If laborers injured an accident, so contractor
replaced them to others easily.