CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.2 ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
•
0 likes•643 views
The document discusses several attempts to improve international relations following World War 1 from 1919-1933. It describes how the US returned to isolationism and refused to ratify the peace settlement, causing issues. It also discusses poor relations between France and Britain over German recovery, border disputes after the settlement, and fears of communism in Russia. Several conferences and agreements were attempted to stabilize relations, including the Washington Conferences, Dawes Plan, Locarno Treaties, Kellogg-Briand Pact, and Young Plan, but many failed to reach lasting agreements or reduce tensions, with implications for German foreign policy.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.4 AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
The document discusses American foreign policy in the period following World War 1. It describes the US return to isolationism due to fears of war and foreign meddling, which undermined the peace settlement and League of Nations. It also discusses how the US insistence on repayment of war debts caused economic problems for European nations and their dependence on German reparations, as well as the international effects of the Wall Street stock market crash of 1929, which spread economic problems worldwide.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The document discusses several questions related to the aftermath of World War 1 and the Paris Peace Settlement. It provides context and analysis for each question.
Question 1 discusses Germany imposing harsh terms on Russia in 1918, contradicting Wilson's 14 Points. It notes the peacemakers faced contradictory demands and the instability of successor states.
Question 2 examines German objections to the Treaty of Versailles and whether they were justified. It discusses security concerns, territorial losses, and reparations while noting the treaty could have been worse.
Question 3 analyzes two sources critical of the treaty, arguing it would lead to future war, and discusses evaluating their provenance as coming from German and British perspectives.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF DEVELOPMENT: 4.4 JAPAN AND MILITARY DI...
A comprehensive presentation about the military dictatorship in Japan during 1930, suitable for Cambridge History AS exam.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The document contains questions and answers related to the history of the League of Nations and the United Nations. It discusses key figures in the establishment of the League like Woodrow Wilson. It also analyzes reasons for the League's failures to prevent aggression in the 1930s and debates over how to establish a more effective international organization after World War 2 to maintain peace.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE PEACE SETTLEMENT
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE PEACE SETTLEMENT. It contains: the peace settlement, 3 main concerns, big three: France, Britain, USA, Wilson 14 points, giving peace a chance.
Wilson's 14 points and treaty of versailles
Woodrow Wilson proposed a plan for peace after World War 1 that included open diplomacy, free trade, and the League of Nations to maintain order, but the U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles and did not join the League. Germany was forced to pay severe reparations after losing the war and blamed for its start, straining Europe's economies, until the Dawes Plan in 1924 lent Germany money to pay reparations to allies who then paid the U.S.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: LOCARNO TREATY
The Locarno Treaty of 1925 confirmed Germany's borders as established by the Treaty of Versailles. It agreed that Germany, France, Belgium, Poland, and Czechoslovakia would not go to war or dispute each other's borders. Britain and Italy pledged to ensure the terms were upheld. The treaty helped Germany's recovery by reducing suspicions with neighbors and allowing Germany to join the League of Nations in 1926. However, Hitler broke the Locarno Treaty in 1936 by remilitarizing the Rhineland.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
France did not get everything it wanted from the Versailles Treaty. While France received some German territory and was likely to receive significant reparations payments, the treaty did not fully satisfy French Prime Minister Clemenceau's demands regarding Alsace-Lorraine and colonial territories. Additionally, Clemenceau sought a treaty guaranteeing military support from Britain and the U.S. if Germany became aggressive again, but the U.S. refused to approve the treaty and Britain was unwilling to commit without American involvement, leaving France feeling exposed to future German threats. This failure contributed to Clemenceau's defeat in the 1920 French presidential election.
Recommended
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.4 AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
The document discusses American foreign policy in the period following World War 1. It describes the US return to isolationism due to fears of war and foreign meddling, which undermined the peace settlement and League of Nations. It also discusses how the US insistence on repayment of war debts caused economic problems for European nations and their dependence on German reparations, as well as the international effects of the Wall Street stock market crash of 1929, which spread economic problems worldwide.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The document discusses several questions related to the aftermath of World War 1 and the Paris Peace Settlement. It provides context and analysis for each question.
Question 1 discusses Germany imposing harsh terms on Russia in 1918, contradicting Wilson's 14 Points. It notes the peacemakers faced contradictory demands and the instability of successor states.
Question 2 examines German objections to the Treaty of Versailles and whether they were justified. It discusses security concerns, territorial losses, and reparations while noting the treaty could have been worse.
Question 3 analyzes two sources critical of the treaty, arguing it would lead to future war, and discusses evaluating their provenance as coming from German and British perspectives.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF DEVELOPMENT: 4.4 JAPAN AND MILITARY DI...
A comprehensive presentation about the military dictatorship in Japan during 1930, suitable for Cambridge History AS exam.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The document contains questions and answers related to the history of the League of Nations and the United Nations. It discusses key figures in the establishment of the League like Woodrow Wilson. It also analyzes reasons for the League's failures to prevent aggression in the 1930s and debates over how to establish a more effective international organization after World War 2 to maintain peace.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE PEACE SETTLEMENT
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE PEACE SETTLEMENT. It contains: the peace settlement, 3 main concerns, big three: France, Britain, USA, Wilson 14 points, giving peace a chance.
Wilson's 14 points and treaty of versailles
Woodrow Wilson proposed a plan for peace after World War 1 that included open diplomacy, free trade, and the League of Nations to maintain order, but the U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles and did not join the League. Germany was forced to pay severe reparations after losing the war and blamed for its start, straining Europe's economies, until the Dawes Plan in 1924 lent Germany money to pay reparations to allies who then paid the U.S.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: LOCARNO TREATY
The Locarno Treaty of 1925 confirmed Germany's borders as established by the Treaty of Versailles. It agreed that Germany, France, Belgium, Poland, and Czechoslovakia would not go to war or dispute each other's borders. Britain and Italy pledged to ensure the terms were upheld. The treaty helped Germany's recovery by reducing suspicions with neighbors and allowing Germany to join the League of Nations in 1926. However, Hitler broke the Locarno Treaty in 1936 by remilitarizing the Rhineland.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
France did not get everything it wanted from the Versailles Treaty. While France received some German territory and was likely to receive significant reparations payments, the treaty did not fully satisfy French Prime Minister Clemenceau's demands regarding Alsace-Lorraine and colonial territories. Additionally, Clemenceau sought a treaty guaranteeing military support from Britain and the U.S. if Germany became aggressive again, but the U.S. refused to approve the treaty and Britain was unwilling to commit without American involvement, leaving France feeling exposed to future German threats. This failure contributed to Clemenceau's defeat in the 1920 French presidential election.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE GERMAN PERSPECTIVE
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE GERMAN PERSPECTIVE. It contains: German expectations, figures on losses, the realities, the humiliation, stab in the back theory, November Criminals theory.
Weimar Germany - were Germans reactions to the treaty justified?
The document discusses whether German opinions of the unfairness of the Treaty of Versailles were justified. It provides context on the German government strongly encouraging public hatred of the treaty's terms. While territory and military conditions were less punitive than what Germany previously imposed on Russia, the loss of land and reduced military damaged German pride. There is debate around whether the German government undermined defeat by portraying soldiers as victors, and if blaming all the war guilt on Germany dishonored soldiers. Historians have different views on whether Germans understandably saw themselves as victims due to being excluded from negotiations.
Weimar Germany - military defeat myth and reality
This page discusses the circumstances of Germany's World War One defeat, as well as perceptions about this in Germany.
Reactions to Treaty
The document summarizes the immediate reactions of Britain, France, the US, and Germany to the Treaty of Versailles. Britain's citizens wanted harsher terms but were satisfied with territorial gains. France did not think Germany was weakened enough. The US refused to ratify the treaty. Germany viewed the terms as a 'diktat' and did not like assigning sole war guilt or paying reparations.
Paris Peace Conference
The document discusses the Paris Peace Conference following World War I. The major powers - the US, France, and Britain - had differing views on how to settle the peace terms. France wanted to cripple Germany to prevent future wars, while the US and Britain wanted a lasting peace. Woodrow Wilson introduced his Fourteen Points plan calling for open diplomacy, self-determination, and a League of Nations to maintain stability. However, applying self-determination to redraw national borders raised complex issues over ethnic populations in territories like Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Alsace-Lorraine.
World History - The Treaty of Versailles
The document discusses the costs and consequences of World War I. It describes the immense human costs of the war in lives lost and refugees created. It also discusses the financial toll of reconstruction and reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. Politically, empires collapsed and new nationalist movements emerged. The document outlines Wilson's Fourteen Points and goal of establishing the League of Nations. However, the Treaty of Versailles was opposed by many as too harsh on Germany, sowing seeds for future conflict. Key weaknesses included humiliating Germany and excluding Russia from the peace negotiations.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION 2015 - AGE OF IMPERIALISM: QUESTIONS AND ANSWER...
This document provides questions and guidance for answering questions about European imperialism in Africa from 1871-1900. It begins by outlining factors that led European nations to participate in the "scramble for Africa," including strategic, economic and political motivations as well as the impacts of industrialization and developing technologies. Subsequent questions require analyzing these factors in more depth and making judgments about their relative significance. Other questions address the aims of the 1885 Treaty of Berlin, implications of the Boer Wars for British foreign policy, and the extent to which African peoples benefited from European colonization. Guidance is provided for each question emphasizing the need for depth, balance, fully explained arguments, and use of factual evidence from the context provided.
Conversation big3
The document summarizes a dialogue between Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Georges Clemenceau, who were negotiating the peace treaties after World War 1. Each leader had different views - Wilson was idealistic, Lloyd George prioritized the British economy, and Clemenceau wanted to severely punish Germany. They debated Germany's reparations, punishment, and disarmament. Ultimately they agreed Germany would pay reparations, reduce its army and navy, lose colonies, and accept blame, and Wilson's proposal to create the League of Nations was also supported.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: DAVID LLOYD GEORGE
David Lloyd George was the British prime minister from 1916 to 1922 who, along with Clemenceau of France, Wilson of the US, and Orlando of Italy, made up the "Big Four" that negotiated the Treaty of Versailles after World War I. Lloyd George initially wanted a more compromise peace with Germany so they would not seek revenge later, their economy could resist communism, and increased trade would benefit Britain. However, he ultimately agreed to Germany's harsh punishment due to promises made in the 1918 British election to "make Germany pay".
Lecture no. 11 world w ar i
The document defines war as an armed contest between independent political units using military force to pursue policy goals. It lists several causes of war including human aggression, the need for power, nationalism, and shifts in the balance of power. World War I is defined as a substantial military conflict between organized forces of states. The war began from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and involved the Allied powers of Britain, France, Russia, Italy against the Central powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary over the Balkans. The war ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
Chapter 1.1 Treaty of Versailles Sec3EXP Dunman Sec Revision
The document outlines key information about the Treaty of Versailles that students should know when studying it. They should understand the aims and motivations of the "Big Three" leaders (US, Britain, France) in negotiating the treaty, as well as the terms imposed on Germany and their impact. Each country had different experiences in World War 1 that shaped their goals. France sought revenge after great losses, Britain wanted payment but Germany's future participation in European affairs, while the US prioritized establishing long-term peace. The harsh terms crippled Germany's economy and military and deeply resented, fueling German anger in later years.
The Peace Treaties After The First World War
The document discusses the peace treaties after World War 1 and whether they were fair to Germany. It provides context on the mood in Europe in 1919 and objectives to understand the Paris Peace Conference. It includes a starter activity matching statements to countries and two discussion points on whether Germany could get a fair outcome given they had not formally surrendered and the fighting took place mainly in France. It then provides a podcast and questions to listen to about the Treaty of Versailles and the goals and viewpoints of different countries' leaders involved in the peace negotiations.
Treaty of Versailles Revision
The document provides an overview of key topics and events related to the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference. It summarizes the aims and views of the "Big Three" leaders (Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, and Wilson of the US) regarding the peace settlement. It also outlines the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles, German reactions to it, and the treaty's importance in the aftermath of World War 1.
Great depression on a world scale
After WWI, the Treaty of Versailles created new borders and states but many were unhappy with the results, fueling disputes. The League of Nations was ineffective at maintaining peace without US support. Strict enforcement of reparations on Germany led to economic issues across Europe. As the global depression took hold in the late 1920s and early 1930s, unemployment rose sharply and economic output declined severely in nearly every country.
The Treaty Of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919 after World War 1, imposed harsh terms on Germany including war guilt, territorial losses, military restrictions, and heavy reparations. While the Allied leaders felt it adequately weakened Germany, Germans felt the terms were extremely unjust and punitive, fueling resentment that some argue contributed to the rise of Hitler and the start of World War 2.
WWI Comes To An End
The end of WWI saw the "Big Four" Allied powers of Britain, France, Italy, and the US negotiate the Treaty of Versailles with defeated Germany. US President Woodrow Wilson advocated for his Fourteen Points plan and League of Nations to prevent future wars, but the US ultimately did not join the League due to opposition in the Senate. The punitive Treaty assigned sole blame and massive reparations to Germany, sowing resentment and paving the way for WWII.
Germany at war military war
This document summarizes key events of World War 2 from 1939 to 1945. It outlines Germany's initial military success using blitzkrieg tactics, but notes failures in Russia and inability to force Britain's surrender. It then discusses the turning points as Germany lost ground, including Allied victories at El Alamein and Stalingrad. The document concludes with Germany fighting a defensive war by 1943 and Hitler's increasing detachment from reality, leading to unconditional surrender in 1945.
Wilson fights for peace
President Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points plan for a just peace after World War I that included open diplomacy, free trade, and a League of Nations. However, France and Britain rejected Wilson's plan and imposed a harsh Treaty of Versailles on Germany that crippled its economy through war reparations and territorial losses. The treaty was also criticized for not respecting Woodrow Wilson's principle of self-determination for colonized peoples. While Wilson advocated for US membership in the League of Nations, the US Senate refused to ratify the treaty, leaving the country isolated and the League weakened.
Were the Treaties Fair?
The document discusses the differing viewpoints of Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Georges Clemenceau during the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles after World War 1. Wilson advocated for leniency on Germany and self-determination for smaller nations. Lloyd George publicly supported Wilson but privately disagreed with some points and wanted to weaken Germany. Clemenceau wanted to severely punish Germany to prevent future attacks on France. The treaty terms reflected compromises between their positions but ultimately dissatisfied all parties.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 5.4 THE ORIGINS AND ...
The origins of the United Nations can be traced back to 1941 when the Atlantic Charter established the need for an international organization. In 1943 and 1944, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and China agreed to form the UN and issued proposals to establish a general international organization at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference. The key aims of the UN were to maintain international peace and security through dispute arbitration and collective action, and to achieve international cooperation on economic, social, and humanitarian issues. Both the League of Nations and UN aimed to promote collective security and neither had their own army, though the UN addressed some of the League's weaknesses like allowing non-unanimous decisions in the General Assembly and Security Council.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.1 THE PEACE SETTLEMENTS...
A comprehensive revision of Chapter 2 - Age of Uncertainty, Subchapter 2.1 The Peace Settlements of 1920 and 1921.
Ch2 entrepreneurial super-hero[1]
This document discusses the traits and characteristics of entrepreneurs. It notes that entrepreneurs tend to be innovative, opportunistic, independent, achievement-oriented, self-confident, proactive, and able to handle risk and uncertainty. Successful entrepreneurs like Michael Dell and Richard Branson are profiled for exhibiting these traits. The chapter also outlines implications for entrepreneurial management, organizational structure, and leadership, emphasizing the need for vision, communication, delegation, and creating a culture of innovation, learning, and ownership.
More Related Content
What's hot
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE GERMAN PERSPECTIVE
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE GERMAN PERSPECTIVE. It contains: German expectations, figures on losses, the realities, the humiliation, stab in the back theory, November Criminals theory.
Weimar Germany - were Germans reactions to the treaty justified?
The document discusses whether German opinions of the unfairness of the Treaty of Versailles were justified. It provides context on the German government strongly encouraging public hatred of the treaty's terms. While territory and military conditions were less punitive than what Germany previously imposed on Russia, the loss of land and reduced military damaged German pride. There is debate around whether the German government undermined defeat by portraying soldiers as victors, and if blaming all the war guilt on Germany dishonored soldiers. Historians have different views on whether Germans understandably saw themselves as victims due to being excluded from negotiations.
Weimar Germany - military defeat myth and reality
This page discusses the circumstances of Germany's World War One defeat, as well as perceptions about this in Germany.
Reactions to Treaty
The document summarizes the immediate reactions of Britain, France, the US, and Germany to the Treaty of Versailles. Britain's citizens wanted harsher terms but were satisfied with territorial gains. France did not think Germany was weakened enough. The US refused to ratify the treaty. Germany viewed the terms as a 'diktat' and did not like assigning sole war guilt or paying reparations.
Paris Peace Conference
The document discusses the Paris Peace Conference following World War I. The major powers - the US, France, and Britain - had differing views on how to settle the peace terms. France wanted to cripple Germany to prevent future wars, while the US and Britain wanted a lasting peace. Woodrow Wilson introduced his Fourteen Points plan calling for open diplomacy, self-determination, and a League of Nations to maintain stability. However, applying self-determination to redraw national borders raised complex issues over ethnic populations in territories like Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Alsace-Lorraine.
World History - The Treaty of Versailles
The document discusses the costs and consequences of World War I. It describes the immense human costs of the war in lives lost and refugees created. It also discusses the financial toll of reconstruction and reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. Politically, empires collapsed and new nationalist movements emerged. The document outlines Wilson's Fourteen Points and goal of establishing the League of Nations. However, the Treaty of Versailles was opposed by many as too harsh on Germany, sowing seeds for future conflict. Key weaknesses included humiliating Germany and excluding Russia from the peace negotiations.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION 2015 - AGE OF IMPERIALISM: QUESTIONS AND ANSWER...
This document provides questions and guidance for answering questions about European imperialism in Africa from 1871-1900. It begins by outlining factors that led European nations to participate in the "scramble for Africa," including strategic, economic and political motivations as well as the impacts of industrialization and developing technologies. Subsequent questions require analyzing these factors in more depth and making judgments about their relative significance. Other questions address the aims of the 1885 Treaty of Berlin, implications of the Boer Wars for British foreign policy, and the extent to which African peoples benefited from European colonization. Guidance is provided for each question emphasizing the need for depth, balance, fully explained arguments, and use of factual evidence from the context provided.
Conversation big3
The document summarizes a dialogue between Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Georges Clemenceau, who were negotiating the peace treaties after World War 1. Each leader had different views - Wilson was idealistic, Lloyd George prioritized the British economy, and Clemenceau wanted to severely punish Germany. They debated Germany's reparations, punishment, and disarmament. Ultimately they agreed Germany would pay reparations, reduce its army and navy, lose colonies, and accept blame, and Wilson's proposal to create the League of Nations was also supported.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: DAVID LLOYD GEORGE
David Lloyd George was the British prime minister from 1916 to 1922 who, along with Clemenceau of France, Wilson of the US, and Orlando of Italy, made up the "Big Four" that negotiated the Treaty of Versailles after World War I. Lloyd George initially wanted a more compromise peace with Germany so they would not seek revenge later, their economy could resist communism, and increased trade would benefit Britain. However, he ultimately agreed to Germany's harsh punishment due to promises made in the 1918 British election to "make Germany pay".
Lecture no. 11 world w ar i
The document defines war as an armed contest between independent political units using military force to pursue policy goals. It lists several causes of war including human aggression, the need for power, nationalism, and shifts in the balance of power. World War I is defined as a substantial military conflict between organized forces of states. The war began from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and involved the Allied powers of Britain, France, Russia, Italy against the Central powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary over the Balkans. The war ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
Chapter 1.1 Treaty of Versailles Sec3EXP Dunman Sec Revision
The document outlines key information about the Treaty of Versailles that students should know when studying it. They should understand the aims and motivations of the "Big Three" leaders (US, Britain, France) in negotiating the treaty, as well as the terms imposed on Germany and their impact. Each country had different experiences in World War 1 that shaped their goals. France sought revenge after great losses, Britain wanted payment but Germany's future participation in European affairs, while the US prioritized establishing long-term peace. The harsh terms crippled Germany's economy and military and deeply resented, fueling German anger in later years.
The Peace Treaties After The First World War
The document discusses the peace treaties after World War 1 and whether they were fair to Germany. It provides context on the mood in Europe in 1919 and objectives to understand the Paris Peace Conference. It includes a starter activity matching statements to countries and two discussion points on whether Germany could get a fair outcome given they had not formally surrendered and the fighting took place mainly in France. It then provides a podcast and questions to listen to about the Treaty of Versailles and the goals and viewpoints of different countries' leaders involved in the peace negotiations.
Treaty of Versailles Revision
The document provides an overview of key topics and events related to the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference. It summarizes the aims and views of the "Big Three" leaders (Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, and Wilson of the US) regarding the peace settlement. It also outlines the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles, German reactions to it, and the treaty's importance in the aftermath of World War 1.
Great depression on a world scale
After WWI, the Treaty of Versailles created new borders and states but many were unhappy with the results, fueling disputes. The League of Nations was ineffective at maintaining peace without US support. Strict enforcement of reparations on Germany led to economic issues across Europe. As the global depression took hold in the late 1920s and early 1930s, unemployment rose sharply and economic output declined severely in nearly every country.
The Treaty Of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919 after World War 1, imposed harsh terms on Germany including war guilt, territorial losses, military restrictions, and heavy reparations. While the Allied leaders felt it adequately weakened Germany, Germans felt the terms were extremely unjust and punitive, fueling resentment that some argue contributed to the rise of Hitler and the start of World War 2.
WWI Comes To An End
The end of WWI saw the "Big Four" Allied powers of Britain, France, Italy, and the US negotiate the Treaty of Versailles with defeated Germany. US President Woodrow Wilson advocated for his Fourteen Points plan and League of Nations to prevent future wars, but the US ultimately did not join the League due to opposition in the Senate. The punitive Treaty assigned sole blame and massive reparations to Germany, sowing resentment and paving the way for WWII.
Germany at war military war
This document summarizes key events of World War 2 from 1939 to 1945. It outlines Germany's initial military success using blitzkrieg tactics, but notes failures in Russia and inability to force Britain's surrender. It then discusses the turning points as Germany lost ground, including Allied victories at El Alamein and Stalingrad. The document concludes with Germany fighting a defensive war by 1943 and Hitler's increasing detachment from reality, leading to unconditional surrender in 1945.
Wilson fights for peace
President Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points plan for a just peace after World War I that included open diplomacy, free trade, and a League of Nations. However, France and Britain rejected Wilson's plan and imposed a harsh Treaty of Versailles on Germany that crippled its economy through war reparations and territorial losses. The treaty was also criticized for not respecting Woodrow Wilson's principle of self-determination for colonized peoples. While Wilson advocated for US membership in the League of Nations, the US Senate refused to ratify the treaty, leaving the country isolated and the League weakened.
Were the Treaties Fair?
The document discusses the differing viewpoints of Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Georges Clemenceau during the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles after World War 1. Wilson advocated for leniency on Germany and self-determination for smaller nations. Lloyd George publicly supported Wilson but privately disagreed with some points and wanted to weaken Germany. Clemenceau wanted to severely punish Germany to prevent future attacks on France. The treaty terms reflected compromises between their positions but ultimately dissatisfied all parties.
What's hot (19)
Weimar Germany - were Germans reactions to the treaty justified?
Weimar Germany - were Germans reactions to the treaty justified?
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION 2015 - AGE OF IMPERIALISM: QUESTIONS AND ANSWER...
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION 2015 - AGE OF IMPERIALISM: QUESTIONS AND ANSWER...
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: DAVID LLOYD GEORGE
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: DAVID LLOYD GEORGE
Chapter 1.1 Treaty of Versailles Sec3EXP Dunman Sec Revision
Chapter 1.1 Treaty of Versailles Sec3EXP Dunman Sec Revision
Viewers also liked
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 5.4 THE ORIGINS AND ...
The origins of the United Nations can be traced back to 1941 when the Atlantic Charter established the need for an international organization. In 1943 and 1944, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and China agreed to form the UN and issued proposals to establish a general international organization at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference. The key aims of the UN were to maintain international peace and security through dispute arbitration and collective action, and to achieve international cooperation on economic, social, and humanitarian issues. Both the League of Nations and UN aimed to promote collective security and neither had their own army, though the UN addressed some of the League's weaknesses like allowing non-unanimous decisions in the General Assembly and Security Council.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.1 THE PEACE SETTLEMENTS...
A comprehensive revision of Chapter 2 - Age of Uncertainty, Subchapter 2.1 The Peace Settlements of 1920 and 1921.
Ch2 entrepreneurial super-hero[1]
This document discusses the traits and characteristics of entrepreneurs. It notes that entrepreneurs tend to be innovative, opportunistic, independent, achievement-oriented, self-confident, proactive, and able to handle risk and uncertainty. Successful entrepreneurs like Michael Dell and Richard Branson are profiled for exhibiting these traits. The chapter also outlines implications for entrepreneurial management, organizational structure, and leadership, emphasizing the need for vision, communication, delegation, and creating a culture of innovation, learning, and ownership.
Ch1 the entrepreneurial_revolution
The document discusses the history and concepts of corporate entrepreneurship. It summarizes key thinkers who developed ideas around entrepreneurship from the 18th century onward. It then defines corporate entrepreneurship as the process by which individuals within an existing organization create new organizations or instigate renewal. The document also discusses different approaches to corporate entrepreneurship like corporate venturing, intrapreneurship, and entrepreneurial transformation. It contrasts traditional management styles with entrepreneurial management.
IIA2014 Corporate Entrepreneurship WS
This document summarizes workshops on corporate entrepreneurship held at Innovation in Action 2014. It includes pre-workshop materials describing the agenda and goals. The workshop content section compiles notes on discussing why corporate entrepreneurship is important, how companies can engage in it, and challenges they may face. A post-workshop reflection emphasizes that innovation allows companies to seize opportunities and that the fast will overtake the slow if companies do not engage entrepreneurially.
Corporate entrepreneurship
The document discusses corporate entrepreneurship, which involves pursuing new opportunities within an organization without regard to existing resources. It describes how entrepreneurial managers can link technical knowledge to customer needs to create new businesses or transform existing companies. The objectives, characteristics, components, forms, factors influencing, and limitations of corporate entrepreneurship are outlined.
Entrepreneurship Lecture Notes Part 1
Part One of Entrepreneurship Lecture Notes on Students Enterprise Club at www.studentsenterpriseclub.com.
This is a Study guide for intending Entrepreneurs.
Corporate entrepreneurship
This document discusses corporate entrepreneurship, defining it as activities that receive organizational sanction and resource commitments for innovative results. It also discusses the need for corporate entrepreneurship due to factors like increased competition and the benefits it provides like constantly innovating. The key aspects of corporate entrepreneurship discussed are innovation, strategy, and corporate venturing. Innovation can be radical or incremental. Strategy involves developing an entrepreneurial vision and structure. Corporate venturing aims to institutionalize embracing innovation for long term growth. Overall the document provides an overview of the concept and key elements of corporate entrepreneurship.
Viewers also liked (8)
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 5.4 THE ORIGINS AND ...
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 5.4 THE ORIGINS AND ...
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.1 THE PEACE SETTLEMENTS...
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.1 THE PEACE SETTLEMENTS...
Similar to CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.2 ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The Ruhr Crisis.pdf
The document discusses the Ruhr Crisis of 1923 and its aftermath. Key points:
1) The Ruhr Crisis began when France invaded the Ruhr region of Germany in 1923 due to Germany missing reparations payments. This led to hyperinflation and economic collapse in Germany.
2) The Dawes Plan of 1924 reduced German reparations payments and arranged foreign loans for Germany, primarily from the US, to stabilize its economy.
3) The Locarno Treaty of 1925 saw Germany agree to its western borders in return for its admission to the League of Nations, signaling a major improvement in Franco-German relations. However, Germany did not accept its eastern borders.
4) While the Locarno Treaty
Futile Search
After WWI, there was an uneasy peace in Europe as border disputes arose among new nations and the League of Nations proved ineffective without US support. Germany struggled to pay war reparations to France, leading France to occupy the Ruhr Valley in Germany, causing hyperinflation and economic crisis. The Dawes Plan helped stabilize Germany's economy and its relations with France in the mid-1920s. However, the Great Depression starting with the US stock market crash of 1929 brought European prosperity to an end, with high unemployment across nations. John Maynard Keynes and Franklin Roosevelt introduced economic theories and programs like the New Deal to stimulate demand and put people back to work to solve the crisis.
Workbook lesson7 group4brandon Period 3
The document summarizes several international agreements and events in the 1920s relating to disarmament, reparations, and relations between the US and other countries:
1) The Washington Naval Conference of 1921-1922 saw the US, Japan, and UK agree to limit naval armaments to prevent an expensive arms race.
2) The Dawes Plan of 1924 restructured German reparations payments to help stabilize its economy.
3) The Young Plan of 1928 further reduced German reparation amounts payable over 58 years.
4) Tensions grew between the US and Mexico in the 1920s over land and resource policies enacted under Mexican President Calles.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - WHY DID THE WAR STARTED IN 1939?
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, a weak League of Nations that failed to stop aggression, the economic depression that led to the rise of extreme right-wing governments, countries adopting aggressive foreign policies for economic reasons, Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles and using force to expand Germany, the aggression of Italy and Japan, the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France that encouraged further aggression, and the failure of Britain, France and Russia to form an alliance against Germany due to ideological differences.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: REPARATIONS
The document discusses reparations imposed on Germany after World War 1. It defines reparations as compensation paid by defeated powers to victors after war. At the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was required to pay 6.6 billion pounds in reparations over 42 years to the Allied powers, however, this was unrealistic as Germany's economy was in ruins after the war. Germany never paid the full reparations amount and the issue led to tensions with France and was eventually abandoned in 1931.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: WHY WORLD WAR ...
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939, including the flawed peace settlements after World War 1 that made Germany resentful, the weakness of the League of Nations in halting aggression by countries like Japan and Italy, the global Depression that empowered extreme right-wing leaders like Hitler, the adoption of aggressive foreign policies by some countries, Hitler's violations of the Treaty of Versailles and use of force, and the appeasement of Germany by Britain and France which emboldened further aggression by Hitler.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: THE IMPACT OF THE TREATY ON GERMANY UP TO 1923.
Depression and inflation in germany
Germany faced severe economic problems following World War 1 due to hyperinflation caused by printing money to pay war debts. This led to currency devaluation and public unrest. An American banker stabilized Germany's currency in 1924 through loans, restoring economic stability. Germany then signed peace treaties with France and joined agreements like the Kellogg-Briand Pact, promoting peace in Europe after economic recovery.
Area four Period 5
The document summarizes several key events in the 1920s including the Washington Naval Conference of 1921-1922 which sought to limit naval armaments, the Dawes Plan of 1924 which provided loans to help Germany pay reparations, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 which renounced war as an instrument of national policy, and economic expansion in Latin America under the Good Neighbor Policy.
End of WWI
World War I ended in 1918 with Germany agreeing to an armistice based on President Wilson's 14 Points. The Paris Peace Conference then established the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, which placed sole blame for the war on Germany and imposed heavy reparations. Germany lost territory and was demilitarized under the punitive treaty. Dissatisfaction with the treaty's terms sowed the seeds for World War II as Germany and others felt cheated while the US turned isolationist.
Slides explaining the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, marked the end of World War I and was one of the most significant peace treaties in history. It imposed severe penalties on Germany, including substantial territorial losses, disarmament, and reparations payments. The treaty aimed to punish Germany for its role in the war and prevent future aggression. However, its harsh terms led to widespread resentment among the German population and contributed to economic hardship and political instability in the country. Many historians argue that the treaty's punitive measures sowed the seeds of resentment and discontent, ultimately paving the way for the rise of Adolf Hitler and the outbreak of World War II. Despite its intentions to secure peace, the Treaty of Versailles proved to be a controversial and ultimately flawed attempt to restore stability to post-war Europe. The Treaty of Versailles, signed at the Palace of Versailles in France, was the culmination of negotiations among the Allied powers and Germany following the end of World War I. It aimed to address the causes of the war, assign blame, and establish terms for peace and reconstruction. The treaty imposed significant territorial losses on Germany, including the cession of Alsace-Lorraine to France and parts of West Prussia to Poland. Germany was also required to demilitarize the Rhineland and limit its army to 100,000 troops.
FLASH REVISE CARDS - THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
FLASH REVISE CARDS - THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS,
To join the League of Nations, countries first had to commit to a policy of disarmament.
This meant that each nation had to take steps to reduce their arms buildup including soldiers and weapons. Those who signed the Treaty of Versailles also agreed to these terms as well.
To aid the process of disarmament the League of Nations held a disarmament conference in Geneva, Switzerland.
The Disarmament Conference sought to reduce a nations stockpiles of offensive weapons and ensure the independence of many countries. However, countries felt that the rate of disarmament was poor and many countries were not disarming fairly or at an even rate. This particularly annoyed Germany and Hitler who withdrew Germany from the conference in 1934.
Wemar Germany - germans' reaction to the treaty of versailles
Germans reacted with fury to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. While Germany expected some punishment for World War I, the treaty's terms went far beyond expectations and were seen as an imposed diktat rather than a negotiated agreement. massive protests erupted across Germany over the harsh reparations payments, loss of territory, and military restrictions. The treaty deeply undermined the new Weimar Republic and fueled nationalist sentiments, as Germans felt the nation was not truly at fault for starting the war.
End of WWI- McDowell
By 1917, both sides in World War I had resorted to defensive warfare as neither could launch a successful massive attack. There was growing discontent and mutinies in the British and French armies. Russia experienced several military defeats under Czar Nicholas II's weak leadership, which led to the November Revolution and the Bolsheviks seizing power under Vladimir Lenin. Russia then signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany to exit the war. Germany's own resources were depleted by shortages of food and supplies, and its final offensive in 1918 failed. On November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to an armistice to end the fighting based on U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's proposed Fourteen Points for negotiating a
Post-WWI European Security
Several treaties were signed in the 1920s to promote peace and stability in Europe after World War 1. The Locarno Pact of 1925 established security in Western Europe by guaranteeing borders and demilitarizing the Rhineland. The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 had 15 nations renounce war as a means of resolving disputes. While countries agreed on disarmament in principle, mistrust prevented meaningful reductions as nations still saw war as a tool of diplomacy. Conferences in Washington, London, and Geneva made some naval and arms limitations but ultimately failed to achieve general disarmament due to rising tensions.
League of natiion
The document discusses several territorial and sovereignty disputes that were examined by the League of Nations between 1920-1928. It summarizes the key disputes, including between Sweden and Finland over the Aland Islands (decided in Finland's favor), Germany protesting territorial losses after WWI (rejected by the League), a dispute between Britain, Turkey and Iraq over the oil-rich Mosul region (partially awarded to Turkey), a dispute between Greece and Italy over murdered officials (decided partly in Italy's favor), a clash between Bolivia and Paraguay over an island (League pushed for peaceful resolution), and a dispute between France and Britain over nationality laws (settled by foreign ministers). The League had varying levels of success in resolving disputes, depending
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: HISTORIAN REACTIONS
The document discusses historian reactions to the Treaty of Versailles. While some historians argue the treaty was too harsh on Germany, others point out Germany could have faced even harsher terms. The treaty's terms were not solely responsible for Germany's economic woes, and Germany experienced prosperity in the mid-1920s despite reparations payments. Historians disagree on whether the treaty was a reasonable solution given the circumstances or a "disastrous half measure" that left Germany wanting revenge.
The treaty of_versaillescbrph2
The Paris Peace Conference was held in 1919 after World War 1 to negotiate peace treaties with defeated nations. Canada insisted on being recognized as an independent nation separate from Britain due to its war efforts. However, the US did not want Canada to have a separate vote. The Treaty of Versailles was ultimately signed by most parties except Germany, which opposed the terms. Germany was later forced to sign and pay extensive reparations to the Allies.
The Myopia of Hope (Bob Swarup presentation, Feb 2013)
The document discusses the aftermath of World War 1 in Europe, including reparations imposed on Germany, debt restructuring efforts from 1919-1939, and the economic and political instability that resulted. It led to high inflation, strained sovereign debt, and extremist political parties gaining power in Germany. Multiple plans attempted to resolve debts but failed due to US insistence on repayment and austerity policies that worsened the Great Depression. This cycle of unresolved debt, inflation and extremism created tensions that ultimately enabled the rise of the Nazis in Germany.
World War One: Paris Peace Settlement, Treaty of Versailles, 1919
Overview of the Treaty of Versailles, views of Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George and the German response
Similar to CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.2 ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (20)
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - WHY DID THE WAR STARTED IN 1939?
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - WHY DID THE WAR STARTED IN 1939?
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: WHY WORLD WAR ...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: WHY WORLD WAR ...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
FLASH REVISE CARDS - THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
FLASH REVISE CARDS - THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Wemar Germany - germans' reaction to the treaty of versailles
Wemar Germany - germans' reaction to the treaty of versailles
The Myopia of Hope (Bob Swarup presentation, Feb 2013)
The Myopia of Hope (Bob Swarup presentation, Feb 2013)
World War One: Paris Peace Settlement, Treaty of Versailles, 1919
World War One: Paris Peace Settlement, Treaty of Versailles, 1919
More from George Dumitrache
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCES
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE
On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power.
However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg.
This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy.
It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments.
Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign.
On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event.
This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime.
The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned.
The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency.
This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason.
The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment.
Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party.
The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair.
On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%.
The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933
Hitler was not immediately appointed chancellor after the success of the July 1932 elections, despite being leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler.
Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 03. NAZI'S LITTLE SUCCESS
The document discusses the early success of the Nazi party in Germany. It notes that while the party made progress in organization and membership in its early years after 1919, it had little impact in elections initially. The Nazis received only 6.5% of the vote in their first national election in 1924. Later elections in 1928 saw their support decline further to just 2.6% as the German economy and political situation stabilized under Stresemann. While the Nazis appealed to specific groups frustrated with the Weimar Republic, they remained a small party with less than 30,000 members by 1925.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920
The document provides background information on the origins and early development of the Nazi party in Germany during the 1920s. It describes how the party began as the German Workers' Party led by Anton Drexler before Hitler joined in 1919 and became the leader in 1921. It also outlines some of the key aspects of the Nazi party platform outlined in the 25-point program, including nationalism, anti-Semitism, and a desire for more territory. Finally, it discusses Hitler's failed Munich Putsch coup attempt in 1923 and how he wrote Mein Kampf while in prison.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 01. FASCISM
1) Post-war instability and economic crisis weakened established political systems in countries like Germany and Italy. 2) A sense of nationalism was used by fascist leaders to promote unity and scapegoat others for the nation's problems. 3) Charismatic leaders like Hitler and Mussolini were able to gain followers by promoting fascism as an alternative to communism and liberal democracy.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 10. THE FALL OF WEIMAR 1930-1933
The document provides background information on the rise of the Nazi party in Germany between 1930-1933. It discusses how Germany's economic dependence on American loans led to the collapse of German industry following the 1929 Wall Street crash. This caused widespread unemployment, with over 6 million people jobless by 1932. As economic conditions deteriorated, support grew for the Nazis as they promised strong leadership and blamed Jews and communists for Germany's problems. The Nazis increased their Reichstag seats in elections in 1933 after Hitler became Chancellor, and he then used emergency powers to crush opposition and establish a one-party Nazi state in Germany.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 09. TABLES AND CARTOONS
The document discusses the Weimar Republic in Germany through tables and cartoons as part of a Cambridge IGCSE depth study on Germany. It provides information on the political and economic challenges faced by the Weimar Republic between 1919-1933 through statistical tables and illustrations. The depth study uses multiple visual elements to summarize key events and issues like inflation, unemployment, and the rise of extremism during this period of German history.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESS
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929
Gustav Stresemann was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1923 during the Weimar Republic period. As Chancellor and later as Foreign Minister, he implemented policies that helped stabilize Germany's economy and improve its international standing. This included establishing a new currency to end hyperinflation, crushing communist uprisings, and pursuing diplomatic agreements like the Locarno Pact to normalize Germany's relations with other European powers. However, the economic and political stability of the Weimar Republic remained fragile.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the Feldherrnhalle, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazi Party members and four police officers. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATION
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 04. WEIMAR TURMOIL YEARS 1919-1923
Weimar had faced a series of problems between 1919 and 1923 (hyperinflation, Munich Putsch, Kapp Putsch) but despite the odds had managed to survive.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...
Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's ability to produce revenue-generating coal and iron ore decreased. As war debts and reparations drained its coffers, the German government was unable to pay its debts. Some of the former World War I Allies didn't buy Germany's claim that it couldn't afford to pay.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY
The document summarizes the impact of World War 1 on Germany. It discusses how Germany initially found success on the Eastern Front and made advances on the Western Front in 1918 but was eventually overwhelmed as the US joined the war effort. Germany experienced political instability, economic devastation from blockades, widespread hunger and disease, and psychological trauma from defeat. The German people bitterly blamed leaders for the defeat, sowing seeds for the rise of the Nazis in the unstable Weimar Republic that followed the war.
08. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Questions and Answers.pptx
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
07. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Abyssinian Crisis.pptx
This cartoon was likely published after the Stresa Pact was signed in early 1935, when Britain and France failed to raise the issue of Abyssinia with Mussolini and were perceived as turning a blind eye to his plans in hopes of keeping Italy as an ally against Germany. The cartoon directly criticizes the British and French policy of appeasing Mussolini, so the purpose was to criticize, not just inform. By criticizing the policy, the hope would be to influence and change the policy by swaying public opinion.
06. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Manchurian Crisis.pptx
Manchurian Crisis. On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptx
GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The Great Depression of 1930-33 meant people turned to extremist dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were keen to invade other countries. This made it hard for the League to maintain peace. The League had some very ambitious plans and ideals – to stop war and make the world a better place.
More from George Dumitrache (20)
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCES
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCES
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 03. NAZI'S LITTLE SUCCESS
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 03. NAZI'S LITTLE SUCCESS
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 10. THE FALL OF WEIMAR 1930-1933
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 10. THE FALL OF WEIMAR 1930-1933
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 09. TABLES AND CARTOONS
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 09. TABLES AND CARTOONS
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESS
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESS
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATION
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATION
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 04. WEIMAR TURMOIL YEARS 1919-1923
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 04. WEIMAR TURMOIL YEARS 1919-1923
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY
08. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Questions and Answers.pptx
08. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Questions and Answers.pptx
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptx
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptx
Recently uploaded
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcBÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdWound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Recently uploaded (20)
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY REVISION - AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: 2.2 ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- 2. INTERNATIONALINSTABILITY19191923 USA’s refusal to ratify the peace settlement: USA’s return to isolationism; implications. Poor relations between France and Britain: different attitudes towards German recovery. Fear of communism: Russian fears of isolation. Border disputes arising from the settlement: e.g. between Turkey and Greece, leading to revision of settlement. USA’s concerns over Japanese expansion: leading to Washington Conferences 1921–22. USA’s insistence that war debts were repaid: economic implications, especially for Britain and France. Failure of Genoa Conference 1922: aims; failure to reach agreement. French occupation of the Ruhr: France’s motives; opposition from Britain.
- 3. IMPROVINGRELATIONS19231933 Dawes Plan 1924: Germany’s failure to keep up with reparations payments; French reaction; aims and implications of Dawes Plan. Locarno Treaties 1925: agreements over German, French and Belgian borders; improved relations between France and Germany; effective working relationship between Briand and Stresemann; historical debate regarding how significant the treaties really were. Kellogg–Briand Pact 1928: intended to maintain peace; little real value. Young Plan 1929: reduction in the amount of German reparations; implications; France’s willingness to agree. World Disarmament Conference 1932–33: aims; failure to reach agreement; implications for German foreign policy.