The document discusses cams and followers. It covers types of cams classified based on shape and follower motion. Key types include radial, cylindrical, and conjugate cams. Followers are classified as knife edge, roller, flat faced, and spherical faced. The document also discusses terms used in radial cams like base circle, pitch point, and pressure angle. It describes the motion of the follower as uniform velocity, simple harmonic motion, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cycloidal motion.
Unit 8-cams, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Learn Online Courses of Subject Engineering Mechanics of First Year Engineering. Clear the Concepts of Engineering Mechanics Through Video Lectures and PDF Notes. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/subject/Engineering-Mechanics
Cam and follower theory prof. sagar a dhotareSagar Dhotare
This ppt covers following points,
Classification of Cam and Follower
Terminology of cam
Importance of Pressure angle
Application of Cam and Follower
Importance of cam and follower
Unit 8-cams, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Learn Online Courses of Subject Engineering Mechanics of First Year Engineering. Clear the Concepts of Engineering Mechanics Through Video Lectures and PDF Notes. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/subject/Engineering-Mechanics
Cam and follower theory prof. sagar a dhotareSagar Dhotare
This ppt covers following points,
Classification of Cam and Follower
Terminology of cam
Importance of Pressure angle
Application of Cam and Follower
Importance of cam and follower
Inversion of four bar chain explained detailed graphic, used for better understanding as well as for teaching purose
For video:
Locomotive chain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTcC_xXfdrA
Four bar chain:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBFFwgCCP0U
Unit Quantities of Turbine | Fluid MechanicsSatish Taji
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/IivrXtRBuF0
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
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Inversion of four bar chain explained detailed graphic, used for better understanding as well as for teaching purose
For video:
Locomotive chain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTcC_xXfdrA
Four bar chain:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBFFwgCCP0U
Unit Quantities of Turbine | Fluid MechanicsSatish Taji
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/IivrXtRBuF0
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
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Reconstruction of globoidal cam follower motion curve based on B-splineIJRES Journal
Due to the development of the CNC technology, manufacturing the complex surface is becoming
more and more easier. Globoidal cam is an important part of intermittent motion mechanism, so nowadays
machining the globoidal cam by CNC machine is a new research area. In general, the contour line of the
globoidal cam can be described by the follower motion curve. But because of the property of the globoidal
cam, its contour surface is non-development, so the follower motion curve cannot defined by mathematical
expression. In order to solve this problem, this paper attempts to reconstruct the follower motion curve based on
B-spline by the help of MATLAB. In this research, 3 common follower motion laws are discussed: modified
constant velocity, modified trapezoid and modified sine. By observing the results, it can be said that
reconstruction of the follower motion curve is similar to the original curve which defined by mathematical
equation.
Fundamentals of Kinematics and Mechanism.pdfLakhan Mali
In this PPT, the Basics of Kinematics and Mechanisms is explained in the simple manner. Also the inversion of all basic mechanisms is also given in the PPT.
Kinematic links, Constrained motions, Kinematic Pairs, Types of constrained motion, Equivalent Linkage Mechanisms.
Difference between the Machine, Mechanisms and structure
Steering Gear Mechanisms
Cam Mechanism And Flexible Drives
Machine Elements
Basic Explanation
History
Mechanism Explained
Disclaimer: All research materials are internet based. I do not own anything. Video links are included (from youtube).
Correction: Cam mechanism can do vice versa.
Leader: Andrei Matias
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
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• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
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• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
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It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
1. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Syllabus:
Types of cams and followers,
Analysis of standard motions to the follower,
Determination of cam profiles for different follower motions,
Methods of control: pressure angle, radius of curvature and undercutting.
Jump phenomenon of Eccentric cam,
Introduction to advanced cam curves (up to 3-4- 5 Polynomial cam only)
Marking Scheme
Insem Exam -
Endsem Exam 16 Marks
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Introduction
A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or oscillating
motion to another element known as follower.
The cam and the follower have a line contact and constitute a higher pair.
Complicated output motions which are otherwise difficult to achieve can easily be
produced with the help of cams.
Cams are widely used in automatic machines, internal combustion engines,
machine tools, printing control mechanisms, and so on.
They are manufactured usually by die-casting, milling or by punch-presses.
Necessary elements of a cam mechanism are
A driver member known as the cam
A driven member called the follower
A frame which supports the cam and guides the follower
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
3. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Applications
Fig. Robotic self reckoning
plotter
Fig. Mechanical toy- Drop Cam
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Cam Operated Valve
4. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Types of Cams:
Cams are Classified According to
1. Shape
2. Follower movement
3. Manner of constraint of the follower.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
5. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
1. According to Shape:
a) Wedge and Flat Cams
A wedge cam has a wedge W which, in general, has a translational motion.
The follower F can either translate [Fig.(a)] or oscillate [Fig.(b)].
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Wedge and Flat Cams
6. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
b. Radial or Disc Cams
A cam in which the follower moves radially from the centre of rotation of
the cam is known as a radial or a disc cam (Fig. (a) and (b)].
Radial cams are very popular due to their simplicity and compactness.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Radial or Disc Cams
7. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
c. Spiral Cams
A spiral cam is a face cam in which a groove is cut in the form of a spiral
as shown in Fig.
The spiral groove consists of teeth which mesh with a pin gear follower.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Spiral Cams
8. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
d. Cylindrical Cams
In a cylindrical cam, a cylinder which has a circumferential contour cut in the
surface, rotates about its axis.
The follower motion can be of two types as follows: In the first type, a groove is cut
on the surface of the cam and a roller follower has a constrained (or positive)
oscillating motion .
Fig. Cylindrical Cams
9. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
e. Conjugate Cams
A conjugate cam is a double-disc cam, the two discs being keyed together and are in
constant touch with the two rollers of a follower (shown in Fig.).
Thus, the follower has a positive constraint.
Such a type of cam is preferred when the requirements are low wear, low noise,
better control of the follower, high speed, high dynamic loads, etc.
Fig. Conjugate Cams
10. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
f. Globoidal Cams
A Globoidal cam can have two types of surfaces, convex or concave.
A circumferential contour is cut on the surface of rotation of the cam to impart
motion to the follower which has an oscillatory motion (Fig.).
The application of such cams is limited to moderate speeds and where the angle of
oscillation of the follower is large.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Globoidal Cams
11. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
g. Spherical Cams
• In a spherical cam, the follower oscillates about an axis perpendicular to the axis
surface of rotation of the cam.
• Note that in a disc cam, the follower oscillates about an axis parallel to the axis of
rotation of the cam.
• A spherical cam is in the form of a spherical surface which transmits motion to the
follower (Fig.).
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Spherical Cams
12. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
2. According to Follower Movement
• The motions of the followers are distinguished from each other by the dwells they
have.
• A dwell is the zero displacement or the absence of motion of the follower during the
motion of the cam.
• Cams are classified according to the motions of the followers in the following ways:
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
13. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
1. Rise-Return-Rise (R-R-R)
• In this, there is alternate rise and return of
the follower with no periods of dwells
(Fig. a).
• Its use is very limited in the industry.
• The follower has a linear or an angular
displacement.
2. Dwell-Rise-Return-Dwell (D-
R-R-D)
• In such a type of cam, there is rise and
return of the follower after a dwell Fig.(b).
• his type is used more frequently than the
R-R-R type of cam.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. (b) D-R-R-D
Fig.(a) R-R-R
14. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
3. Dwell-Rise-Dwell-Return-Dwell
(D-R-D-R-D)
• It is the most widely used type of cam.
• The dwelling of the cam is followed by rise
and dwell and subsequently by return and
dwell as shown in fig. (c).
• In case the return of the follower is by a fall
[Fig.(d)], the motion may be known as Dwell-
Rise-Dwell (D-R-D).
Fig.(c) D-R-D-R-D
Fig.(d) D-R-D-R-D
15. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
3. According to Manner of
Constraint of the Follower
a. Pre-loaded Spring Cam
A pre-loaded compression spring is
used for the purpose of keeping the contact
between the cam and the follower.
b. Positive-drive Cam
In this type, constant touch
between the cam and the follower is maintained
by a roller follower operating in the groove of a
cam.
Fig. Pre-loaded Spring Cam
Fig. Positive-drive Cam
16. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
3. Gravity Cam
If the rise of the cam is achieved by the rising surface of the cam and the return by
the force of gravity or due to the weight of the cam, the cam is known as a gravity
cam.
However, these cams are not preferred due to their uncertain behavior.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
17. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Classification of Followers
1. According to the Surface in Contact
a) Knife Edge Follower:
Contacting end of the follower surface- Knife edge
Type of motion- Sliding Motion.
Small area of contacting surface results in excessive
wear.
A considerable side thrust exists between the
follower and the guide.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Knife Edge Follower
18. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
(b) Roller Follower:
Contacting end of the follower surface- Roller
Type of motion- Rolling Motion.
Rate of wear is reduced due to rolling motion
Side thrust exists between the follower and the guide.
Extensively used where more space is available such
as in stationary gas and oil engines and aircraft engines.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Roller Follower
19. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
(c) Flat Faced or Mushroom Follower:
Contacting end of the follower surface-Perfectly Flat
Face
Type of motion- Sliding Motion
high surface stresses are produced.
side thrust between the follower and the guide is much
reduced in case of flat faced Followers due to the
friction between the contacting surface of the follower.
The flat faced followers are generally used where
space is limited such as in cams which operate the
valves of automobile engines.
When the flat faced follower is circular, it is then called
a mushroom follower.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Flat Faced or Mushroom
Follower
20. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
(d) Spherical Faced Follower:
Contacting end of the follower surface - Spherical Shape
Type of motion- Sliding Motion
In order to minimize these stresses, the flat end of the follower is
machined to a spherical shape.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Cam with Spherical Faced
Follower
Fig. Cam with Spherical Faced
Follower
21. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
2. According to the Motion of the Follower:
(a) Reciprocating or Translating Follower:
When the follower reciprocates in guides as the cam rotates uniformly, it is known
as reciprocating or translating follower.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Reciprocating or Translating Follower
22. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
(b) Oscillating or Rotating Follower:
• When the uniform rotary motion of the cam is converted into predetermined
oscillatory motion of the follower, it is called oscillating or rotating follower.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Oscillating or Rotating Follower
23. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
(a) Radial follower:
When the motion of the follower is along an
axis passing through the centre of the cam, it is
known as radial follower.
(b) Off-set follower:
When the motion of the follower is along an
axis away from the axis of the cam centre, it is
called off-set follower.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
3. According to the Path of Motion of the Follower:
Fig. Radial Follower
Fig. Offset Follower
24. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Terms Used in Radial Cams
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fig. Terminology of Radial Cams
1. Base circle
2. Trace Point
3. Pressure Angle
4. Pitch point
5. Pitch Circle
6. Pitch Curve
7. Prime Circle
8. Lift or Stroke
25. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Terms Used in Radial Cams
1. Base circle:
It is the smallest circle that can be drawn to the
cam profile.
2. Trace point:
It is a reference point on the follower and is used
to generate the pitch curve.
In case of knife edge follower, the knife edge
represents the trace point and the pitch curve
corresponds to the cam profile.
In a roller follower, the centre of the roller
represents the trace point.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
26. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
3. Pressure angle:
It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a
normal to the pitch curve.
This angle is very important in designing a cam profile. If the
pressure angle is too large, a reciprocating follower will jam in its bearings.
4. Pitch point:
It is a point on the pitch curve having the maximum pressure angle.
5. Pitch circle:
It is a circle drawn from the centre of the cam through the pitch points.
6. Pitch curve:
It is the curve generated by the trace point as the follower moves
relative to the cam.
For a knife edge follower, the pitch curve and the cam profile are same
whereas for a roller follower, they are separated by the radius of the roller.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
27. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
7. Prime circle:
It is the smallest circle that can be drawn from the centre of the cam and
tangent to the pitch curve.
For a knife edge and a flat face follower, the prime circle and the base
circle are identical.
For a roller follower, the prime circle is larger than the base circle by the
radius of the roller.
8. Lift or stroke:
It is the maximum travel of the follower from its lowest position to the
topmost position.
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
28. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Motion of the Follower:
The follower, during its travel, may have one of the following motions.
1. Uniform velocity
2. Simple harmonic motion
3. Uniform acceleration and retardation
4. Cycloidal motion
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
29. Zeal Education Society's
Zeal College of Engineering & Research,
Narhe, Pune-41
Unit-IV Cam and Follower
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Diagrams when
the Follower Moves with Uniform Velocity:
Prof. L. B. Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering