An Inertial Navigation System (INS) can easily track position, velocity and orientation of any moving
vehicle. Generally, deterministic errors are present in an uncalibrated Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
which leads to the requirement of an accurate estimation of navigation solution. These inertial sensors,
thus, needs to be calibrated to reduce the error inherent in these systems. By mathematical model of IMU
including both accelerometer and gyroscope is utilized for the purpose of error calibration. Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Human Opinion Dynamics (HOD) Optimization based calibration
techniques have used to obtain error parameters such as bias, scale factor and misalignment errors.
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a method for implementing a 3D pedometer using a three-axis accelerometer and microcontroller. The pedometer can automatically identify walking and running motions and calculate step counts without needing to be worn at the waist. It analyzes the acceleration signals from walking and running to distinguish the motions and accumulate step counts accordingly. The article describes the hardware system, signal analysis methods used to smooth the acceleration data, and an algorithm to determine motion state and step counts based on the 3D acceleration values. Experimental results demonstrate the pedometer's ability to accurately count steps during various motions while being worn in different positions.
IRJET - A Novel Technology for Shooting SportsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a novel technology for shooting sports that uses sensors to analyze errors in a shooter's form and technique. The system uses an Arduino Nano, gyro sensor, sharp sensor, heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor and muscle sensors to track deviations in the shooter's posture, movement, stress on the gun, and other biometrics. The data is analyzed by coaches and the shooter to identify mistakes and customize training sessions. The goal is to help shooters improve their skills and performance through objective tracking and analysis of even minor form errors that might otherwise go unnoticed.
This document summarizes research on using smartphones as inertial navigation systems (INS). It discusses how accelerometers and gyroscopes in smartphones can measure position, orientation, and velocity without external devices like GPS. However, smartphone INS have limitations like drift, bias, noise, and interference that filters can help address. The document reviews literature on INS applications in vehicles and pedestrians, as well as methods to integrate GPS and correct errors, such as Kalman and Markov filters. The goal of this research is to experiment with smartphone INS accuracy in various motions and implement filtering to optimize data collection for potential classroom or app applications.
Human Factor Affects Eye Movement Pattern During Riding Motorcycle on the Mou...toukaigi
This document analyzes eye movement patterns during motorcycle riding on mountains using an eye tracking system. The system recorded eye movements and front views of subjects riding on a mountain route. Analysis found that human factors like traffic, vehicles, and roadside objects influenced fixation points and eye tracking. Specifically, subjects' eyes tracked opposite lane vehicles more when climbing than descending, and fixated mainly at traffic signals, stopped vehicles, close objects, roadside buildings, and vehicles in front. The study aims to understand how human factors impact eye movements during motorcycle riding.
Real-Time Fatigue Analysis of Driver through Iris RecognitionIJECEIAES
This document describes a proposed method for real-time fatigue analysis of drivers through iris recognition. The method uses a camera interfaced with an ARM processor to capture images of the driver's eyes. It analyzes the iris area to determine if the eyes are open or closed. If the eyes are closed continuously for four seconds, it issues a warning signal. The proposed iris recognition method is found to be more accurate than existing methods like eye blinking sensors for detecting driver fatigue, with an accuracy of about 80%. It provides a less complicated way to detect fatigue compared to other physiological measurement-based methods.
This document discusses inertial navigation sensor calibration. It provides an introduction to inertial navigation sensors and methods for calibrating accelerometers and gyroscopes. It describes the components of an inertial measurement unit and common calibration methods like the six position static test. Applications of inertial sensors in areas like navigation, tracking, and robotics are also mentioned.
Gesture Controlled Wheelchair With StretcherIRJET Journal
This document describes a gesture controlled wheelchair with stretcher functionality. It discusses:
1. The need for such a device to help disabled patients and caregivers by allowing independent mobility and easy transfer between a wheelchair and stretcher.
2. The design of the device which uses MEMS sensors and wireless control to detect hand gestures and control the wheelchair's movement and conversion to a stretcher.
3. The potential applications in hospitals and for home use by paralyzed individuals.
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a method for implementing a 3D pedometer using a three-axis accelerometer and microcontroller. The pedometer can automatically identify walking and running motions and calculate step counts without needing to be worn at the waist. It analyzes the acceleration signals from walking and running to distinguish the motions and accumulate step counts accordingly. The article describes the hardware system, signal analysis methods used to smooth the acceleration data, and an algorithm to determine motion state and step counts based on the 3D acceleration values. Experimental results demonstrate the pedometer's ability to accurately count steps during various motions while being worn in different positions.
IRJET - A Novel Technology for Shooting SportsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a novel technology for shooting sports that uses sensors to analyze errors in a shooter's form and technique. The system uses an Arduino Nano, gyro sensor, sharp sensor, heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor and muscle sensors to track deviations in the shooter's posture, movement, stress on the gun, and other biometrics. The data is analyzed by coaches and the shooter to identify mistakes and customize training sessions. The goal is to help shooters improve their skills and performance through objective tracking and analysis of even minor form errors that might otherwise go unnoticed.
This document summarizes research on using smartphones as inertial navigation systems (INS). It discusses how accelerometers and gyroscopes in smartphones can measure position, orientation, and velocity without external devices like GPS. However, smartphone INS have limitations like drift, bias, noise, and interference that filters can help address. The document reviews literature on INS applications in vehicles and pedestrians, as well as methods to integrate GPS and correct errors, such as Kalman and Markov filters. The goal of this research is to experiment with smartphone INS accuracy in various motions and implement filtering to optimize data collection for potential classroom or app applications.
Human Factor Affects Eye Movement Pattern During Riding Motorcycle on the Mou...toukaigi
This document analyzes eye movement patterns during motorcycle riding on mountains using an eye tracking system. The system recorded eye movements and front views of subjects riding on a mountain route. Analysis found that human factors like traffic, vehicles, and roadside objects influenced fixation points and eye tracking. Specifically, subjects' eyes tracked opposite lane vehicles more when climbing than descending, and fixated mainly at traffic signals, stopped vehicles, close objects, roadside buildings, and vehicles in front. The study aims to understand how human factors impact eye movements during motorcycle riding.
Real-Time Fatigue Analysis of Driver through Iris RecognitionIJECEIAES
This document describes a proposed method for real-time fatigue analysis of drivers through iris recognition. The method uses a camera interfaced with an ARM processor to capture images of the driver's eyes. It analyzes the iris area to determine if the eyes are open or closed. If the eyes are closed continuously for four seconds, it issues a warning signal. The proposed iris recognition method is found to be more accurate than existing methods like eye blinking sensors for detecting driver fatigue, with an accuracy of about 80%. It provides a less complicated way to detect fatigue compared to other physiological measurement-based methods.
This document discusses inertial navigation sensor calibration. It provides an introduction to inertial navigation sensors and methods for calibrating accelerometers and gyroscopes. It describes the components of an inertial measurement unit and common calibration methods like the six position static test. Applications of inertial sensors in areas like navigation, tracking, and robotics are also mentioned.
Gesture Controlled Wheelchair With StretcherIRJET Journal
This document describes a gesture controlled wheelchair with stretcher functionality. It discusses:
1. The need for such a device to help disabled patients and caregivers by allowing independent mobility and easy transfer between a wheelchair and stretcher.
2. The design of the device which uses MEMS sensors and wireless control to detect hand gestures and control the wheelchair's movement and conversion to a stretcher.
3. The potential applications in hospitals and for home use by paralyzed individuals.
Motion recognition based 3D pedestrian navigation system using smartphoneAlwin Poulose
This document describes a 3D indoor pedestrian navigation system using a smartphone. It uses motion recognition to detect the user's walking status and orientation. The system estimates the user's 2D position using PDR algorithms based on the detected motion. It also estimates the user's height using the barometric pressure sensor. This provides the user's 3D position for indoor navigation. The document discusses the system design, motion recognition algorithms, PDR algorithms for step detection, length and heading estimation, and the height estimation algorithm. It aims to overcome limitations of conventional PDR systems for smartphone-based indoor navigation.
Abstract - Positioning is a fundamental component of human life to make meaningful interpretations of the environment. Without knowledge of position, human beings are like machines and have very limited capabilities to interact with the environment. Even machines in today’s world can be made smarter if positioning information is made available to them. Indoor positioning of pedestrians is the broad area considered in this thesis. A foot mounted pedestrian tracking device has been studied for this purpose. Systems which utilize foot mounted inertial navigation system has been in the literature for more than two decades. However very few real time implementations have been possible. The purpose of this thesis is to benchmark and improve the performance of one such implementation.
Attitude Estimation And Compensation In Odometric Localization of Mobile Robo...Waqas Tariq
The paper introduces the attitude estimation and compensation in odometric localization of a differential drive indoor mobile robot. A mobile robot navigates through an inclined indoor environment, wherein localization using only wheel encoder is erroneous. The robot uses inertial sensors such as gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer to calculate its attitude and acquires a three degree of rotational data. It is observed that the attitude update using gyroscopes alone are prone to diverge and hence error needs to be eliminated. The advantage of MEMS sensors is less-cost while complementary filter algorithm is low complexity in implementation. The performance of the proposed complementary filter algorithm for attitude estimation and compensation in odometric localization are shown by experiment and analysis of results.
An Experimental Study on a Pedestrian Tracking Deviceoblu.io
The implemented navigational algorithm of an inertial
navigation system (INS), along with the hardware configuration, decides its tracking performance. Besides, operating conditions also influence its tracking performance. The aim of this study is to demonstrate robust performance of a multiple Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) based foot-mounted INS, The Osmium MIMU22BTP, under varying operating conditions. The device, which performs zero-velocity-update (ZUPT) aided navigation, is subjected to different conditions which could potentially influence gait of its wearer, its hardware configuration etc. The gait-influencing factors chosen for study are shoe type, walking surface, path profile and walking speed. Besides, the tracking performance of the device is also studied for different number of on-board IMUs and the ambient temperature. The tracking performance of MIMU22BTP is reported for all these factors and benchmarked using identified performance metrics. We observe very robust tracking performance of MIMU22BTP. The average relative errors are less than 3 to 4% under all the conditions, with respect to drift, distance and height, indicating a potential for a variety of location based services based on foot mounted inertial sensing and dead reckoning.
A haptic feedback system based on leap motion controller for prosthetic hand ...IJECEIAES
Leap motion controller (LMC) is a gesture sensor consists of three infrared light emitters and two infrared stereo cameras as tracking sensors. LMC translates hand movements into graphical data that are used in a variety of applications such as virtual/augmented reality and object movements control. In this work, we intend to control the movements of a prosthetic hand via (LMC) in which fingers are flexed or extended in response to hand movements. This will be carried out by passing in the data from the Leap Motion to a processing unit that processes the raw data by an opensource package (Processing i3) in order to control five servo motors using a microcontroller board. In addition, haptic setup is proposed using force sensors (FSR) and vibro-motors in which the speed of these motors is proportional to the amount of the grasp force exerted by the prosthetic hand. Investigation for optimal placement of the FSRs on a prosthetic hand to obtain convenient haptic feedback has been carried out. The results show the effect of object shape and weight on the obtained response of the FSR and how they influence the locations of the sensors.
Automatic Regulation and Monitoring of CPM Machineijtsrd
The aim of this project is empowered by adding independency to the individuals during Continuous Passive Motion. In this project, a Continuous Passive Motion CPM Machine is designed that will enable the patient to move their leg continuously. This project is for measuring the muscle oxygen of the patient who is using CPM and to control the motion. The oxygen level is measured by using the Near Infrared spectroscopic principle and is attached as a device to the patient and it continuously monitors the oxygen level. This is performed after surgeries like total knee replacement and anterior circulate ligament reconstruction. Patient who has undergone these surgeries must be treated with CPM machine. But the machine could not identify the tearing of the muscles during the procedure and this could lead to post surgical trauma. To prevent these damages to the muscles NIRS is attached to this mechanism. It detects the oxy hemoglobin level in the tissues and stops the machine when the muscle oxygen reaches the threshold value 90 mmHg . The potentiometer is used to vary the oxygen level manually since the oxygen level below the threshold cannot be measured practically. The machine continuously works when the oxygen level is above the threshold. Moreover, ESP8266 module is used to monitor the oxygen level continuously and the data is stored in the cloud for future references. Muniraj. N. J. R | Afsana Azi Firdosh. A | Kavipriya. A | Raj Kumar. C "Automatic Regulation and Monitoring of CPM Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37944.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/37944/automatic-regulation-and-monitoring-of-cpm-machine/muniraj-n-j-r
This document discusses the growing use of wearable sensor technology in sports medicine. It describes various types of movement sensors like pedometers, accelerometers, gyroscopes, and GPS that can track athlete movements, workloads, and positions. It also discusses physiologic sensors like heart rate monitors and temperature sensors. The document concludes that wearable sensors provide a method to monitor real-time physiology and movement to optimize performance, detect injury risks, and design efficient training programs.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Development Of A Warning System For The Epileptic Patients Which Detects The ...Fatih Uçar
This document describes a project to develop a warning system for epileptic patients using sensors to detect seizures. An electronic arm cuff was designed containing an MPU6050 sensor to measure arm movement, an EMG sensor to detect muscle changes, and a heart rate sensor. Data is sent via Bluetooth to an Android app. Thresholds for heart rate, EMG, and acceleration data were set based on research to indicate possible seizures. The prototype was tested on healthy individuals and via simulated seizures. Recommendations include improving the design, testing on more patients, and using more sensitive sensors to detect seizures faster and more reliably.
This paper describes a decision tree (DT) based pedometer algorithm and its implementation on
Android. The DT- based pedometer can classify 3 gait patterns, including walking on level
ground (WLG), up stairs (WUS) and down stairs (WDS). It can discard irrelevant motion and
count user’s steps accurately. The overall classification accuracy is 89.4%. Accelerometer,
gyroscope and magnetic field sensors are used in the device. When user puts his/her smart
phone into the pocket, the pedometer can automatically count steps of different gait patterns.
Two methods are tested to map the acceleration from mobile phone’s reference frame to the
direction of gravity. Two significant features are employed to classify different gait patterns.
Mine-Miner Searching, Detecting and Saving System (M-MATEKS) #SciChallenge2017Tuluğhan Çivioğlu
In this project, it is aimed to put an end to the mine accidents that many people have ended in death, which is happening in Turkey and in the world, to predict and prevent possible accidents. In the study, a wristband was designed for the miners, aiming to measure the gas rates in the mine, to continuously monitor the health status of each miner and to determine the positions of the miners in case of a dent. #SciChallenge2017
Respiration Monitoring System of Lung Phantom Using Magnetic SensorjournalBEEI
Monitoring vital signs is substantial in healthcare to assist both diagnosis and treatment. This work proposes a means of telemonitoring system at initial stage to observe respiratory pattern on lung phantom. Magnetic sensor module LDC1000 is used to read inductance value of conductive material in relation to distance variation. Therefore, respiration pattern can be observed. In continuous mode, the inspiration inductance value is 8 uH, while expiration is 17 uH, with stoppage is 17 uH. For static measurement, the inspiration inductance value is 7.80 uH, while expiration is 16.46 uH and stoppage is 16.46 uH. Those values could be further referred for vital signs telemonitoring system design based on contactless and portable devices.
Development of autopilot for micro aerial vehicle using stm32 microcontrollereSAT Journals
This document describes the development of an autopilot controller for micro aerial vehicles using an STM32 microcontroller. The autopilot uses sensors like a GPS, pressure sensor, magnetometer, and motion processing unit to monitor flight parameters. It generates PWM signals to control servo motors and the aircraft's ailerons, elevator, and rudder to autonomously guide the vehicle. The system was designed with FreeRTOS and tested using an STM32 microcontroller evaluation board. Experimental results showed the integrated sensors could successfully measure values like pressure, temperature, altitude, magnetic fields, acceleration, and gyroscope data to calculate flight dynamics.
Design and development of fall detector using fall accelerationeSAT Journals
Abstract Fall of patients and aged people may become fatal if unnoticed in time. The concept is to have a fall detection system which sends alarm to the concerned people or to the doctor, at the time of eventuality. To minimize fall and its related injuries continuous surveillance of subjects who are diseased and prone to fall is necessary. The article discusses the design and development of a prototype of an electronic gadget which is used to detect fall among elderly and the patients who are prone to it. In this article, the body posture is derived from change of acceleration in three axes, which is measured using triaxial accelerometer (adxl335). The sensor is placed on the lumbar region to study the tilt angle. The acceleration values in each axis are compared twice with threshold and also a delay of 20 secs between two comparisons, to reduce the false alarms. Values of the threshold voltage are selected by experimental methods. The algorithm is executed by microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The location of fall is determined by GPS receiver, which is programmed to track the subject continuously. On detection of fall, the device sends a text message through GSM modem, and communicates it to computer through ZigBee transceivers. The device can also be switched to only alarm if text message is not required. The prototype developed is tested on many subjects and also on volunteers who simulated fall. Out of 50 trials 96% of accuracy is achieved with zero false alarms for daily activities like jogging, skipping, walking on stairs, and picking up objects. Index Terms: Fall Detector, Medical Alarming System, Personal Emergency Response System, triaxial accelerometer, microcontroller
Machine-Learning Estimation of Body Posture and Physical Activity by Wearable...sipij
We aimed to develop the method for estimating body posture and physical activity by acceleration signals from a Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recorder with built-in accelerometer. In healthy young subjects, triaxial-acceleration and ECG signal were recorded with the Holter ECG recorder attached on their chest wall. During the recording, they randomly took eight postures, including supine, prone, left and right recumbent, standing, sitting in a reclining chair, sitting in chairs with and without backrest, and performed slow walking and fast walking. Machine learning (Random Forest) was performed on acceleration and ECG variables. The best discrimination model was obtained when the maximum values and standard deviations of accelerations in three axes and mean R-R interval were used as feature values. The overall discrimination accuracy was 79.2% (62.6-90.9%). Supine, prone, left recumbent, and slow and fast walk were discriminated with >80% accuracy, although sitting and standing positions were not discriminated by this method.
Local Hand Control for Tezpur University Bionic Hand GraspingHao Yuan Cheng
This document describes the development of a local hand control system for a biomimetic bionic hand called the Tezpur University Bionic Hand. The local hand control system uses kinematic and dynamic analysis to derive grasp primitives like finger joint angles and torques that allow the bionic hand to emulate different grasp types like the human hand. Simulation results showed the joint angles and velocities of the bionic hand fingers closely approximated those of human fingers. The local hand control provides an intuitive interface between higher-level grasp recognition and low-level actuation of the bionic hand motors.
Instrumentation and Automation of MechatronicIJERA Editor
This paper presents the methodology used for the automation of a mechanical system, which will be used to
perform scans on tooth surfaces, in this paper the mathematical modeling of the structure for further
implementation was carried out in order to get a reconfigurable device using specialized software. To carry out
this study various mathematical tools for developing the mathematical model were used, then control routines
that allow the manipulation mechanism for each axis independently performed. The implementation was carried
out by integrating various electrical, electronic and computer systems for an efficient control of the movement
and location of robot systems.
Towards Whole Body Fatigue Assessment of Human Movement: A Fatigue-Tracking S...toukaigi
This document proposes a method to assess overall human body fatigue based on combining localized muscle fatigue measurements from surface electromyography (sEMG) and acceleration sensors. It describes tracking localized muscle fatigue over time using a "forgetting factor" to update fatigue levels based on current and previous measurements. The document presents experiments applying this method to assess fatigue from holding a dip position and weight lifting, showing overall fatigue can be quantified by fusing individual muscle fatigue measurements tracked dynamically over time.
Recordemos que las herramientas que entregó el periodismo 2.0 para la creación de contenido en y para la Red, sumando sus características de hipertextualidad, interactividad, multimedia, etc. Son la base para el desarrollo del llamado periodismo 3.0
El documento trata sobre la teoría del color y su aplicación en el diseño gráfico y web. Explica la naturaleza del color y los tipos de color como los colores primarios, secundarios y terciarios. También describe propiedades de colores individuales como el rojo, verde, azul y amarillo. El documento es útil para entender cómo funciona el color y cómo aplicarlo efectivamente en el diseño.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 150A0018-02F CP7000 HD CORE BUILDER 7000 ATM-SWITCH X 32 MO from Launch 3 Telecom. It describes the product, lists contact information for purchasing, and details shipping and warranty policies. It also outlines additional services provided by Launch 3 Telecom such as repairs, maintenance contracts, de-installation, and telecom equipment recycling.
Motion recognition based 3D pedestrian navigation system using smartphoneAlwin Poulose
This document describes a 3D indoor pedestrian navigation system using a smartphone. It uses motion recognition to detect the user's walking status and orientation. The system estimates the user's 2D position using PDR algorithms based on the detected motion. It also estimates the user's height using the barometric pressure sensor. This provides the user's 3D position for indoor navigation. The document discusses the system design, motion recognition algorithms, PDR algorithms for step detection, length and heading estimation, and the height estimation algorithm. It aims to overcome limitations of conventional PDR systems for smartphone-based indoor navigation.
Abstract - Positioning is a fundamental component of human life to make meaningful interpretations of the environment. Without knowledge of position, human beings are like machines and have very limited capabilities to interact with the environment. Even machines in today’s world can be made smarter if positioning information is made available to them. Indoor positioning of pedestrians is the broad area considered in this thesis. A foot mounted pedestrian tracking device has been studied for this purpose. Systems which utilize foot mounted inertial navigation system has been in the literature for more than two decades. However very few real time implementations have been possible. The purpose of this thesis is to benchmark and improve the performance of one such implementation.
Attitude Estimation And Compensation In Odometric Localization of Mobile Robo...Waqas Tariq
The paper introduces the attitude estimation and compensation in odometric localization of a differential drive indoor mobile robot. A mobile robot navigates through an inclined indoor environment, wherein localization using only wheel encoder is erroneous. The robot uses inertial sensors such as gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer to calculate its attitude and acquires a three degree of rotational data. It is observed that the attitude update using gyroscopes alone are prone to diverge and hence error needs to be eliminated. The advantage of MEMS sensors is less-cost while complementary filter algorithm is low complexity in implementation. The performance of the proposed complementary filter algorithm for attitude estimation and compensation in odometric localization are shown by experiment and analysis of results.
An Experimental Study on a Pedestrian Tracking Deviceoblu.io
The implemented navigational algorithm of an inertial
navigation system (INS), along with the hardware configuration, decides its tracking performance. Besides, operating conditions also influence its tracking performance. The aim of this study is to demonstrate robust performance of a multiple Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) based foot-mounted INS, The Osmium MIMU22BTP, under varying operating conditions. The device, which performs zero-velocity-update (ZUPT) aided navigation, is subjected to different conditions which could potentially influence gait of its wearer, its hardware configuration etc. The gait-influencing factors chosen for study are shoe type, walking surface, path profile and walking speed. Besides, the tracking performance of the device is also studied for different number of on-board IMUs and the ambient temperature. The tracking performance of MIMU22BTP is reported for all these factors and benchmarked using identified performance metrics. We observe very robust tracking performance of MIMU22BTP. The average relative errors are less than 3 to 4% under all the conditions, with respect to drift, distance and height, indicating a potential for a variety of location based services based on foot mounted inertial sensing and dead reckoning.
A haptic feedback system based on leap motion controller for prosthetic hand ...IJECEIAES
Leap motion controller (LMC) is a gesture sensor consists of three infrared light emitters and two infrared stereo cameras as tracking sensors. LMC translates hand movements into graphical data that are used in a variety of applications such as virtual/augmented reality and object movements control. In this work, we intend to control the movements of a prosthetic hand via (LMC) in which fingers are flexed or extended in response to hand movements. This will be carried out by passing in the data from the Leap Motion to a processing unit that processes the raw data by an opensource package (Processing i3) in order to control five servo motors using a microcontroller board. In addition, haptic setup is proposed using force sensors (FSR) and vibro-motors in which the speed of these motors is proportional to the amount of the grasp force exerted by the prosthetic hand. Investigation for optimal placement of the FSRs on a prosthetic hand to obtain convenient haptic feedback has been carried out. The results show the effect of object shape and weight on the obtained response of the FSR and how they influence the locations of the sensors.
Automatic Regulation and Monitoring of CPM Machineijtsrd
The aim of this project is empowered by adding independency to the individuals during Continuous Passive Motion. In this project, a Continuous Passive Motion CPM Machine is designed that will enable the patient to move their leg continuously. This project is for measuring the muscle oxygen of the patient who is using CPM and to control the motion. The oxygen level is measured by using the Near Infrared spectroscopic principle and is attached as a device to the patient and it continuously monitors the oxygen level. This is performed after surgeries like total knee replacement and anterior circulate ligament reconstruction. Patient who has undergone these surgeries must be treated with CPM machine. But the machine could not identify the tearing of the muscles during the procedure and this could lead to post surgical trauma. To prevent these damages to the muscles NIRS is attached to this mechanism. It detects the oxy hemoglobin level in the tissues and stops the machine when the muscle oxygen reaches the threshold value 90 mmHg . The potentiometer is used to vary the oxygen level manually since the oxygen level below the threshold cannot be measured practically. The machine continuously works when the oxygen level is above the threshold. Moreover, ESP8266 module is used to monitor the oxygen level continuously and the data is stored in the cloud for future references. Muniraj. N. J. R | Afsana Azi Firdosh. A | Kavipriya. A | Raj Kumar. C "Automatic Regulation and Monitoring of CPM Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37944.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/37944/automatic-regulation-and-monitoring-of-cpm-machine/muniraj-n-j-r
This document discusses the growing use of wearable sensor technology in sports medicine. It describes various types of movement sensors like pedometers, accelerometers, gyroscopes, and GPS that can track athlete movements, workloads, and positions. It also discusses physiologic sensors like heart rate monitors and temperature sensors. The document concludes that wearable sensors provide a method to monitor real-time physiology and movement to optimize performance, detect injury risks, and design efficient training programs.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Development Of A Warning System For The Epileptic Patients Which Detects The ...Fatih Uçar
This document describes a project to develop a warning system for epileptic patients using sensors to detect seizures. An electronic arm cuff was designed containing an MPU6050 sensor to measure arm movement, an EMG sensor to detect muscle changes, and a heart rate sensor. Data is sent via Bluetooth to an Android app. Thresholds for heart rate, EMG, and acceleration data were set based on research to indicate possible seizures. The prototype was tested on healthy individuals and via simulated seizures. Recommendations include improving the design, testing on more patients, and using more sensitive sensors to detect seizures faster and more reliably.
This paper describes a decision tree (DT) based pedometer algorithm and its implementation on
Android. The DT- based pedometer can classify 3 gait patterns, including walking on level
ground (WLG), up stairs (WUS) and down stairs (WDS). It can discard irrelevant motion and
count user’s steps accurately. The overall classification accuracy is 89.4%. Accelerometer,
gyroscope and magnetic field sensors are used in the device. When user puts his/her smart
phone into the pocket, the pedometer can automatically count steps of different gait patterns.
Two methods are tested to map the acceleration from mobile phone’s reference frame to the
direction of gravity. Two significant features are employed to classify different gait patterns.
Mine-Miner Searching, Detecting and Saving System (M-MATEKS) #SciChallenge2017Tuluğhan Çivioğlu
In this project, it is aimed to put an end to the mine accidents that many people have ended in death, which is happening in Turkey and in the world, to predict and prevent possible accidents. In the study, a wristband was designed for the miners, aiming to measure the gas rates in the mine, to continuously monitor the health status of each miner and to determine the positions of the miners in case of a dent. #SciChallenge2017
Respiration Monitoring System of Lung Phantom Using Magnetic SensorjournalBEEI
Monitoring vital signs is substantial in healthcare to assist both diagnosis and treatment. This work proposes a means of telemonitoring system at initial stage to observe respiratory pattern on lung phantom. Magnetic sensor module LDC1000 is used to read inductance value of conductive material in relation to distance variation. Therefore, respiration pattern can be observed. In continuous mode, the inspiration inductance value is 8 uH, while expiration is 17 uH, with stoppage is 17 uH. For static measurement, the inspiration inductance value is 7.80 uH, while expiration is 16.46 uH and stoppage is 16.46 uH. Those values could be further referred for vital signs telemonitoring system design based on contactless and portable devices.
Development of autopilot for micro aerial vehicle using stm32 microcontrollereSAT Journals
This document describes the development of an autopilot controller for micro aerial vehicles using an STM32 microcontroller. The autopilot uses sensors like a GPS, pressure sensor, magnetometer, and motion processing unit to monitor flight parameters. It generates PWM signals to control servo motors and the aircraft's ailerons, elevator, and rudder to autonomously guide the vehicle. The system was designed with FreeRTOS and tested using an STM32 microcontroller evaluation board. Experimental results showed the integrated sensors could successfully measure values like pressure, temperature, altitude, magnetic fields, acceleration, and gyroscope data to calculate flight dynamics.
Design and development of fall detector using fall accelerationeSAT Journals
Abstract Fall of patients and aged people may become fatal if unnoticed in time. The concept is to have a fall detection system which sends alarm to the concerned people or to the doctor, at the time of eventuality. To minimize fall and its related injuries continuous surveillance of subjects who are diseased and prone to fall is necessary. The article discusses the design and development of a prototype of an electronic gadget which is used to detect fall among elderly and the patients who are prone to it. In this article, the body posture is derived from change of acceleration in three axes, which is measured using triaxial accelerometer (adxl335). The sensor is placed on the lumbar region to study the tilt angle. The acceleration values in each axis are compared twice with threshold and also a delay of 20 secs between two comparisons, to reduce the false alarms. Values of the threshold voltage are selected by experimental methods. The algorithm is executed by microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The location of fall is determined by GPS receiver, which is programmed to track the subject continuously. On detection of fall, the device sends a text message through GSM modem, and communicates it to computer through ZigBee transceivers. The device can also be switched to only alarm if text message is not required. The prototype developed is tested on many subjects and also on volunteers who simulated fall. Out of 50 trials 96% of accuracy is achieved with zero false alarms for daily activities like jogging, skipping, walking on stairs, and picking up objects. Index Terms: Fall Detector, Medical Alarming System, Personal Emergency Response System, triaxial accelerometer, microcontroller
Machine-Learning Estimation of Body Posture and Physical Activity by Wearable...sipij
We aimed to develop the method for estimating body posture and physical activity by acceleration signals from a Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recorder with built-in accelerometer. In healthy young subjects, triaxial-acceleration and ECG signal were recorded with the Holter ECG recorder attached on their chest wall. During the recording, they randomly took eight postures, including supine, prone, left and right recumbent, standing, sitting in a reclining chair, sitting in chairs with and without backrest, and performed slow walking and fast walking. Machine learning (Random Forest) was performed on acceleration and ECG variables. The best discrimination model was obtained when the maximum values and standard deviations of accelerations in three axes and mean R-R interval were used as feature values. The overall discrimination accuracy was 79.2% (62.6-90.9%). Supine, prone, left recumbent, and slow and fast walk were discriminated with >80% accuracy, although sitting and standing positions were not discriminated by this method.
Local Hand Control for Tezpur University Bionic Hand GraspingHao Yuan Cheng
This document describes the development of a local hand control system for a biomimetic bionic hand called the Tezpur University Bionic Hand. The local hand control system uses kinematic and dynamic analysis to derive grasp primitives like finger joint angles and torques that allow the bionic hand to emulate different grasp types like the human hand. Simulation results showed the joint angles and velocities of the bionic hand fingers closely approximated those of human fingers. The local hand control provides an intuitive interface between higher-level grasp recognition and low-level actuation of the bionic hand motors.
Instrumentation and Automation of MechatronicIJERA Editor
This paper presents the methodology used for the automation of a mechanical system, which will be used to
perform scans on tooth surfaces, in this paper the mathematical modeling of the structure for further
implementation was carried out in order to get a reconfigurable device using specialized software. To carry out
this study various mathematical tools for developing the mathematical model were used, then control routines
that allow the manipulation mechanism for each axis independently performed. The implementation was carried
out by integrating various electrical, electronic and computer systems for an efficient control of the movement
and location of robot systems.
Towards Whole Body Fatigue Assessment of Human Movement: A Fatigue-Tracking S...toukaigi
This document proposes a method to assess overall human body fatigue based on combining localized muscle fatigue measurements from surface electromyography (sEMG) and acceleration sensors. It describes tracking localized muscle fatigue over time using a "forgetting factor" to update fatigue levels based on current and previous measurements. The document presents experiments applying this method to assess fatigue from holding a dip position and weight lifting, showing overall fatigue can be quantified by fusing individual muscle fatigue measurements tracked dynamically over time.
Recordemos que las herramientas que entregó el periodismo 2.0 para la creación de contenido en y para la Red, sumando sus características de hipertextualidad, interactividad, multimedia, etc. Son la base para el desarrollo del llamado periodismo 3.0
El documento trata sobre la teoría del color y su aplicación en el diseño gráfico y web. Explica la naturaleza del color y los tipos de color como los colores primarios, secundarios y terciarios. También describe propiedades de colores individuales como el rojo, verde, azul y amarillo. El documento es útil para entender cómo funciona el color y cómo aplicarlo efectivamente en el diseño.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 150A0018-02F CP7000 HD CORE BUILDER 7000 ATM-SWITCH X 32 MO from Launch 3 Telecom. It describes the product, lists contact information for purchasing, and details shipping and warranty policies. It also outlines additional services provided by Launch 3 Telecom such as repairs, maintenance contracts, de-installation, and telecom equipment recycling.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 3C17542 product from Launch 3 Telecom. It details how to purchase the product via phone, email, or by filling out a request for quote form online. It also provides information about payment methods, same-day shipping and tracking, warranty, and additional services offered by Launch 3 Telecom such as repairs, maintenance contracts, and equipment deinstallation.
(1) El documento describe el sistema EcoShape de Bosch Rexroth, un sistema versátil y eficiente para optimizar y completar herramientas de producción con pocos componentes y bajos costes. (2) Además, discute la importancia de la ergonomía y la producción ajustada para lograr mayor productividad y calidad mediante sistemas de trabajo diseñados ergonómicamente. (3) Finalmente, explica cómo el sistema MPS de Bosch Rexroth proporciona una solución completa protegida contra descargas electrostáticas.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 3C16079 SuperStack II Advanced RPS Y-Cable from Launch 3 Telecom. It describes the product, payment and shipping options, and warranty. Launch 3 Telecom also offers services like equipment repair, maintenance contracts, de-installation, and asset recovery.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 3C16490 Baseline Switch from Launch 3 Telecom. It describes the product, payment and shipping options, warranty, and additional services offered by Launch 3 Telecom such as repairs, maintenance contracts, de-installation, and telecom equipment recycling. Customers can purchase the 3Com 3C16490 by phone, email, or online form and receive same day shipping with tracking once their order is placed before 3PM EST.
...ancak bu yeni çerçevelerin, başta zincir perakendecilik gibi belirgin farklılıklar taşıyan bazı endüstrilerde kullanıma uygunluğu konusunda fikir birliği sağlanamadığı gözlemleniyor. İç denetim ve risk yönetimi altyapılarının kurulması, işletmeler için (halka arz gibi bazı durumlarda) giderek daha fazla düzenleme ile yasal zorunluluk haline getirildiğinden, tartışmalar bir miktar daha derinleşiyor gibi görünüyor.
Bu kısa çalışma, bugün IPPF (International Professional Practices Framework, IIA, 2013-2017) ile prensipleri ortaya konmuş bulunan iç denetim standardının, zincir perakendecilik endüstrisinde (“endüstri”) nasıl ve hangi sınırlarlamalar altında uygulanabileceğine ilişkin bir incelemeden ibarettir...
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 10/100 Secure Copper NIC (model 3CR990B-97) from Launch 3 Telecom. It describes payment and shipping options, same-day shipping availability, warranty and return policies, and additional services offered like repairs. Customers can purchase the product by phone, email or through the company's website.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 1675-020-050-1.00 Dual Speed Hub 8 from Launch 3 Telecom. Launch 3 Telecom sells telecom hardware and genuine 3Com replacement parts, offers same-day shipping for orders placed before 3PM EST, and backs all purchases with a warranty and return policy. The company also provides services like equipment repair, maintenance contracts, de-installation, and asset recovery.
Experimental Investigations to Study the Air Flow Patterns on the Headlight D...IJERA Editor
This paper presents some experimental investigations to study the air flow patterns on the headlight domes of different two wheelers (HERO HONDA PASSION PLUS and BAJAJ PULSAR) which influence the stability of the vehicle. The pressure distribution over the surface of the profile and the drag force are to be determined for various headlight dome orientations. This study helps in suggesting the suitable headlight dome profile that may reduce the drag force and effect of turbulence which in turn leads to the increase of vehicle stability. The results obtained during the simulation are to be validated by conducting the experiments on the scale down model of the headlight dome of HERO HONDA PASSION PLUS using Wind Tunnel test rig. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool was used to simulate the air flow pattern on the headlight dome in which boundary layer separation doesn’t exist. The results obtained from the simulation are to be compared with the experimental results from the wind tunnel and the variation is to be found and that should be in the acceptable limit.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com SUPERSTACKII-6 from Launch 3 Telecom. It describes Launch 3 Telecom as a supplier of telecom hardware and genuine 3Com replacement parts. It provides details on payment options, same-day shipping and tracking, warranty, and additional services offered by Launch 3 such as repair, maintenance contracts, de-installation, and recycling.
El documento presenta una introducción a la teoría del color para el diseño web. Explica que el color es fundamental para captar la atención del usuario en los primeros segundos y guiar su experiencia. Describe los tipos de color como los colores primarios RGB y cómo se pueden mezclar colores. También analiza propiedades y significados emocionales de colores individuales como el rojo, verde, azul y amarillo.
Este libro analiza el poder de las redes sociales y cómo han evolucionado a través del tiempo, pasando de ser centralizadas a distribuidas. Explica conceptos como pluriarquía, ciberactivismo, mumis y efectos red. Finalmente, discute cómo las redes sociales distribuidas han cambiado la estructura del poder político y económico.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a method for estimating vehicle acceleration using smartphone sensors. It describes using a quaternion-based unscented Kalman filter to remove the effect of gravity from accelerometer readings, allowing the determination of coordinate acceleration in the vehicle frame of reference. The method involves initializing sensor measurements while stationary, then calculating the orientation of the vehicle relative to the sensor and sensor relative to earth to transform acceleration readings into the vehicle frame.
This document describes a method for indoor localization using a smartphone and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) sensor tag. The sensor tag contains an accelerometer, gyroscope, and other sensors to measure a user's motion and transmit the data via BLE to a smartphone app. The app uses dead reckoning algorithms integrating accelerometer and gyroscope data to calculate the user's distance and direction of movement over time without GPS or network connectivity. Challenges included increasing the sensor sampling rate and integrating data from multiple sensors. The described method provides indoor navigation when outdoor positioning systems like GPS are unavailable.
Indoor localisation and dead reckoning using Sensor Tag™ BLE.Abhishek Madav
The mobile application uses readings of the Accelerometer and Gyroscope from the Sensor Tag to describe details of motion in a planar mode. The project has been implemented as a part of the EECS 221 coursework at University of California, Irvine.
This document describes a method for indoor localization using a smartphone and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) sensor tag. The sensor tag contains an accelerometer, gyroscope, and other sensors to measure a user's motion and transmit the sensor data via BLE to a smartphone app. The app uses dead reckoning algorithms integrating accelerometer and gyroscope data to calculate the user's distance and direction of movement over time without GPS or network connectivity. Challenges addressed include increasing the sensor sampling rate and integrating accelerometer and gyroscope data to limit position error accumulation. The described system provides indoor navigation when outdoor positioning systems like GPS are unavailable.
A Review on Characterization and Analysis of Gait PatternIRJET Journal
This document reviews methods for characterizing and analyzing human gait patterns. It discusses using sensors and video cameras to measure gait parameters like walking speed and joint angles, which can help identify abnormalities. Foot switches and video analysis were compared, and video provided more data but was more time-consuming without automation. Sensors like gyroscopes and the IGOD suit were also used to measure joint angles, but were less accurate than a Kinect sensor. Overall, digital video cameras allow measuring gait speed, stride length, and joint angles to help evaluate patients and the effects of treatment.
INS BY M3.pptx and ins ppt as inertial navigationgnaneshgnanu45
This document provides an overview of inertial navigation systems (INS). It describes how INS uses motion sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes, along with complex calculations, to continuously determine the position, orientation, and velocity of an object without external references. The key components of an INS are explained, including how the sensors work and how data is integrated over time to provide real-time navigation outputs. Examples of different INS applications and architectures like strapdown and gimballed systems are also summarized. Recent developments that improve INS accuracy through advanced algorithms and sensor integration are highlighted.
This document discusses optimal sensor placement for detecting human movement and activities. It reviews different methods for gait analysis using sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure joint angles and EMG sensors to measure muscle activity. It analyzes data from a study that placed 6 accelerometers on the chest, wrist, lower back, hip, thigh and foot to detect activities. The study found that a single hip sensor provided the best accuracy at detecting activities at 86%, while chest, wrist and hip sensors together achieved 92% accuracy. No significant improvement was seen from combining data from more than two sensor locations. The document concludes the hip best represents total body movement for activity detection.
Two wheeled self balancing robot for autonomous navigationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and testing of a two-wheeled self-balancing robot capable of autonomous navigation. The robot balances using a PID control loop applied to data from an inertial measurement unit. A complementary filter fuses gyroscope and accelerometer readings to estimate the robot's tilt angle in real-time. Autonomous navigation is achieved using an ultrasonic distance sensor and image processing system to detect obstacles and determine the robot's path. The stability of the balancing system is analyzed using real-time data plotting in MATLAB, allowing tuning of the PID controller constants.
Gait Recognition using MDA, LDA, BPNN and SVMIJEEE
Recognition of any individual is a task to identify the human beings. Human identification using Gait is method to identify an individual by the way he walk or manner of moving on foot of humans. Gait recognition is a type of biometric recognition and related to the behavioral characteristics of biometric recognition. Gait offers ability of distance recognition or at low resolution. In this paper it will present the review of gait recognition system where different approaches and classification categories of Gait recognition like model free and model based approach, MDA, BPNN, LDA, and SVM.
Inertial Navigation for Quadrotor Using Kalman Filter with Drift Compensation IJECEIAES
The main disadvantage of an Inertial Navigation System is a low accuracy due to noise, bias, and drift error in the inertial sensor. This research aims to develop the accelerometer and gyroscope sensor for quadrotor navigation system, bias compensation, and Zero Velocity Compensation (ZVC). Kalman Filter is designed to reduce the noise on the sensor while bias compensation and ZVC are designed to eliminate the bias and drift error in the sensor data. Test results showed the Kalman Filter design is acceptable to reduce the noise in the sensor data. Moreover, the bias compensation and ZVC can reduce the drift error due to integration process as well as improve the position estimation accuracy of the quadrotor. At the time of testing, the system provided the accuracy above 90 % when it tested indoor.
IRJET- A Survey on Control of Mechanical ARM based on Hand Gesture Recognitio...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposed a system using wearable IMU sensors and machine learning to recognize hand gestures and control a mechanical arm. The system uses an IMU-based wearable device to collect gesture data from hand movements. A support vector machine classifier is used to classify the gestures in real-time and control the movements of a mechanical arm. The paper reviews several related works that used different sensors and machine learning algorithms for hand gesture recognition, finding that support vector machines provided high accuracy for gesture classification. The proposed system aims to allow remote control of machines through natural hand gestures.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document presents an adaptive Kalman filter for estimating human body orientation using micro-sensors. The filter uses quaternions to represent orientation to avoid singularities. It includes motion acceleration in the state vector to compensate for interference of body motion on gravity measurements. Additionally, it adapts the process noise covariance based on sensor signal variations to optimize performance under human motion. Experiments showed this algorithm had less error than existing methods and that including motion compensation and adaptive mechanisms improved accuracy of human motion capture.
A wearable inertial sensing-based body sensor network for shoulder range of m...Ecwaytechnoz
This document presents a wearable body sensor network composed of two inertial modules placed on the upper limbs to assess shoulder range of motion in real-time. Each module contains an MCU, accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. The sensors collect acceleration, velocity and magnetic data which is processed through a quaternion filter to minimize errors from sensor noise/drift and estimate shoulder movement without external devices.
A wearable inertial sensing-based body sensor network for shoulder range of m...Ecway Technologies
This document presents a wearable body sensor network composed of two inertial modules placed on the upper limbs to assess shoulder range of motion in real-time. Each module contains an MCU, accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. The sensors collect acceleration, velocity and magnetic data which is processed through a quaternion filter to minimize errors from sensor noise/drift and estimate shoulder movement without external devices.
A wearable inertial sensing-based body sensor network for shoulder range of m...Ecwaytech
This document presents a wearable body sensor network composed of two inertial modules placed on the upper limbs to assess shoulder range of motion in real-time. Each module contains an MCU, accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. The sensors collect acceleration, velocity and magnetic data which is processed through a quaternion filter to minimize errors from sensor noise/drift and estimate shoulder movement without external devices.
A wearable inertial sensing-based body sensor network for shoulder range of m...Ecwaytech
This document presents a wearable body sensor network composed of two inertial modules placed on the upper limbs to assess shoulder range of motion in real-time. Each module contains an MCU, accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. The sensors collect acceleration, velocity and magnetic data which is processed through a quaternion filter to minimize errors from sensor noise/drift and estimate shoulder movement without external devices.
A wearable inertial sensing-based body sensor network for shoulder range of m...Ecway2004
This document presents a wearable body sensor network composed of two inertial modules placed on the upper limbs to assess shoulder range of motion in real-time. Each module contains an MCU, accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. The sensors collect acceleration, velocity and magnetic data which is processed through a quaternion filter to minimize errors from sensor noise/drift and estimate shoulder movement without external devices.
A wearable inertial sensing-based body sensor network for shoulder range of m...Ecway Technologies
This document presents a wearable body sensor network composed of two inertial modules placed on the upper limbs to assess shoulder range of motion in real-time. Each module contains an MCU, accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. The sensors collect acceleration, velocity and magnetic data which is processed through a quaternion filter to minimize errors from sensor noise/drift and estimate shoulder movement without external devices.
Similar to CALIBRATION OF INERTIAL SENSOR BY USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION AND HUMAN OPINION DYNAMICS ALGORITHM (20)
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automatio...ijics
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automation (ITCA 2020) will provide an excellent international forum which contributes new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The conference focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automatio...ijics
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automation (ITCA 2020) will provide an excellent international forum which contributes new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The conference focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
An angular momentum spinner includes two or more rotating arms loaded with an adjustable sliding block
for each arm and laid symmetrically about a rotating center. Each sliding block is controlled to move
along the corresponding rotating arm. Such a spinner can display the conservation of angular momentum
vividly and intuitively, and can also serve as an amusing toy for children. The spinner can be used as a
teaching equipment to demonstrate the theorem of angular momentum conveniently, intuitively and
amusingly.
A STUDY ON APPLICATION OF BAYES’ THEOREM IN APPIN TECHNOLOGYijics
1) The document discusses the application of Bayes' theorem to analyze application development data from Appin Technology, an IT company.
2) Bayes' theorem was used to calculate the probabilities of applications being developed in 2017 based on category (educational, entertainment, purchasing) using development data from 2016 and 2017.
3) The analysis concluded that purchasing applications had the highest probability of being developed in 2017, while educational applications had the lowest probability. The company could improve production by focusing on educational applications.
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automatio...ijics
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automation (ITCA 2020) will provide an excellent international forum which contributes new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The conference focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
5th International Conference on Networks, Communications, Wireless and Mobile Computing (NCWMC 2020) looks for significant contributions to the Computer Networks, Communications, wireless and mobile computing for wired and wireless networks in theoretical and practical aspects. Original papers are invited on computer Networks, network protocols and wireless networks, Data communication Technologies, network security and mobile computing. The goal of this Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)
ISSN : 2249 - 1147 [Online]; 2319 - 412X [Print]
http://airccse.org/journal/IJICS/ijics.html
Call For Papers
Important Dates
· Submission Deadline : January 11, 2020
· Acceptance Notification : February 11, 2020
· Final Manuscript Due : February 19, 2020
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS)ijics
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering.
A STUDY ON APPLICATION OF BAYES’ THEOREM IN APPIN TECHNOLOGYijics
Mathematics is the only word that conquers the whole world. Mathematics comprises each and every concept that exists in this world. Statistics and probability are the two main concepts that are dealing with the statistical survey of this world. Of these two concepts, Probability has one of the Main applications of
dealing with mathematics that is very much useful in real life applications. In this paper, Bayes’ Theorem and its applications are discussed deeply with its application problems using the data which was collected for the company named Appin Technology during the industrial exposure training. This application helped me to give some useful ideas to the company to improve their production level.
An angular momentum spinner includes two or more rotating arms loaded with an adjustable sliding block for each arm and laid symmetrically about a rotating center. Each sliding block is controlled to move along the corresponding rotating arm. Such a spinner can display the conservation of angular momentum vividly and intuitively, and can also serve as an amusing toy for children. The spinner can be used as a teaching equipment to demonstrate the theorem of angular momentum conveniently, intuitively and amusingly.
Integrating Fault Tolerant Scheme With Feedback Control Scheduling Algorithm ...ijics
In order to provide Quality of Service (QoS) in open and unpredictable environment, Feedback based
Control Scheduling Algorithm (FCSA) is designed to keep the processor utilization at the scheduling
utilization bound. FCSA controls CPU utilization by assigning task periods that optimize overall control
performance, meeting deadlines even if the task execution time is unpredictable and through performance
control feedback loop.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
CALIBRATION OF INERTIAL SENSOR BY USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION AND HUMAN OPINION DYNAMICS ALGORITHM
1. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
DOI : 10.5121/ijics.2017.7101 1
CALIBRATION OF INERTIAL SENSOR BY USING
PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION AND HUMAN
OPINION DYNAMICS ALGORITHM
Vikas Kumar Sinha1
, Avinash Kumar Maurya2
1
Assistant professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, MATS University, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh, India
2
Assistant professor, Dept. of Electronics Engineering, G. H. Raisoni College of
Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
An Inertial Navigation System (INS) can easily track position, velocity and orientation of any moving
vehicle. Generally, deterministic errors are present in an uncalibrated Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
which leads to the requirement of an accurate estimation of navigation solution. These inertial sensors,
thus, needs to be calibrated to reduce the error inherent in these systems. By mathematical model of IMU
including both accelerometer and gyroscope is utilized for the purpose of error calibration. Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Human Opinion Dynamics (HOD) Optimization based calibration
techniques have used to obtain error parameters such as bias, scale factor and misalignment errors.
KEYWORDS
PSO Algorithm, Inertial Measurement Unit, Calibration, HOD Algorithm
1. INTRODUCTION
Today Inertial Navigation System (INS) is used in missile guidance, space navigation, marine
navigation and navigation sensor in cellular mobile phones. Inertial sensor consists of
accelerometers and gyroscopes for three dimension linear and angular motion, respectively.
Initially, when inertial sensor was developed, it was very costly and large in size, but after many
improvements now inertial sensor is available in solid state chip and cheaper. To overcome the
limitations of Global Positioning System (GPS) and for high quality of navigation INS is being
used. A tri-axial Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), includes a traid of accelerometers and
gyroscopes. Accelerometers are mounted to estimate the velocity and position (linear motion) of
the aircraft or vehicle and gyroscopes are mounted to keep the orientation in the space (to
measure angular motion) [1]. By using accelerometers and gyroscopes the location of any aircraft
or vehicle can be tracked easily. But, in accelerometers and gyroscopes some errors are present
which is inherent to the IMU.
To use Inertial Navigation System properly, calibration is required. Because, IMUs are typically
not compensated initially, present errors increase gradually with time and distance. Errors in
inertial sensor can be classified into two main parts [2]: deterministic or systematic and random
2. International Journal Of Instrumentation A
or stochastic errors. In recent past, it is studied that, for INS calibration differ
are used such as six-position method, improved six
To calibrate all deterministic errors which are available in INS, these twelve errors are such as
three biases, three scale factors and six m
INS can be calibrated easily without external equipment
In this work of low cost INS calibration, two sophistic optimization techniques are being used
such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Human Opinion Dynamics (HOD). PSO is
inspired from natural behavior of birds or animals and HOD is inspire
It may take few minutes to give output during optimization of given fitness function. HOD is
inspired from social behavior and social influence, which has observed from human’s social life.
After completion of these optimization t
as a result, which are required for calibrated IMU.
2. INERTIAL MEASUREMENT
An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is an electronic device that measures velocity,
forces, and angular motion with the help of accelerometers and gyroscopes. An inertial
measurement unit works even when GPS (
any signal from the satellite like as inside the tunnels and bui
electronic signals interference. An inertial measurement unit measures linear and angular motion
by using accelerometer and gyroscope respectively, which are mounted on an IMU
navigation sensor contains a tri-axial
Figure 1: Flow of physical quantity input to measured signals for accelerometers and gyroscopes
It can be seen that, Deterministic and stochastic errors are present in IMU by which getting low
quality navigation from the sensor. In this paper deterministic errors are going to be discussed.
Deterministic errors include, bias, scale factor, misalignment and non
accelerometer and gyroscope respectively as shown in figure 2. Acceler
without linear motion measurable offset has collected and similarly without any angular motion
gyroscope bias offset can be observed. Ideally scale factors must be unity, but if the values of
scale factors are greater than or les
accelerometers and gyroscopes respectively. Accelerometer misalignment errors can be seen if all
three accelerometers are not aligned properly with the reference frame. Similarly gyroscope
misalignment errors also can be detected if all three gyroscopes are not aligned properly with
respective axis.
International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
or stochastic errors. In recent past, it is studied that, for INS calibration different types of methods
position method, improved six-position method and multi-position method.
To calibrate all deterministic errors which are available in INS, these twelve errors are such as
three biases, three scale factors and six misalignments [3]. After many improvements, low cost
INS can be calibrated easily without external equipment [4].
In this work of low cost INS calibration, two sophistic optimization techniques are being used
such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Human Opinion Dynamics (HOD). PSO is
inspired from natural behavior of birds or animals and HOD is inspired from opinions of human.
It may take few minutes to give output during optimization of given fitness function. HOD is
inspired from social behavior and social influence, which has observed from human’s social life.
After completion of these optimization techniques twelve unknown parameters can be evaluated
as a result, which are required for calibrated IMU.
EASUREMENT UNIT (IMU) SENSOR ERROR MODEL
An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is an electronic device that measures velocity,
forces, and angular motion with the help of accelerometers and gyroscopes. An inertial
measurement unit works even when GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver is not receiving
any signal from the satellite like as inside the tunnels and buildings or in presence of any
electronic signals interference. An inertial measurement unit measures linear and angular motion
by using accelerometer and gyroscope respectively, which are mounted on an IMU
axial IMU.
Figure 1: Flow of physical quantity input to measured signals for accelerometers and gyroscopes
It can be seen that, Deterministic and stochastic errors are present in IMU by which getting low
navigation from the sensor. In this paper deterministic errors are going to be discussed.
Deterministic errors include, bias, scale factor, misalignment and non-orthogonality errors for
accelerometer and gyroscope respectively as shown in figure 2. Accelerometer bias can be seen if
without linear motion measurable offset has collected and similarly without any angular motion
gyroscope bias offset can be observed. Ideally scale factors must be unity, but if the values of
scale factors are greater than or less than the unity, scale factor errors are available in
accelerometers and gyroscopes respectively. Accelerometer misalignment errors can be seen if all
three accelerometers are not aligned properly with the reference frame. Similarly gyroscope
errors also can be detected if all three gyroscopes are not aligned properly with
January 2017
2
ent types of methods
position method.
To calibrate all deterministic errors which are available in INS, these twelve errors are such as
. After many improvements, low cost
In this work of low cost INS calibration, two sophistic optimization techniques are being used
such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Human Opinion Dynamics (HOD). PSO is
d from opinions of human.
It may take few minutes to give output during optimization of given fitness function. HOD is
inspired from social behavior and social influence, which has observed from human’s social life.
echniques twelve unknown parameters can be evaluated
ODEL
An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is an electronic device that measures velocity, gravitational
forces, and angular motion with the help of accelerometers and gyroscopes. An inertial
) receiver is not receiving
ldings or in presence of any
electronic signals interference. An inertial measurement unit measures linear and angular motion
by using accelerometer and gyroscope respectively, which are mounted on an IMU [5]. Inertial
Figure 1: Flow of physical quantity input to measured signals for accelerometers and gyroscopes
It can be seen that, Deterministic and stochastic errors are present in IMU by which getting low
navigation from the sensor. In this paper deterministic errors are going to be discussed.
orthogonality errors for
ometer bias can be seen if
without linear motion measurable offset has collected and similarly without any angular motion
gyroscope bias offset can be observed. Ideally scale factors must be unity, but if the values of
s than the unity, scale factor errors are available in
accelerometers and gyroscopes respectively. Accelerometer misalignment errors can be seen if all
three accelerometers are not aligned properly with the reference frame. Similarly gyroscope
errors also can be detected if all three gyroscopes are not aligned properly with
3. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
3
Figure 2: Classification of deterministic or systematic errors for accelerometer and gyroscope
The IMU sensor model represents the measurements from the actual physical quantity to the IMU
sensor output as shown in figure 1. If an IMU sensor is given which is calibrated, its bias, scale
factor and misalignment or non-orthogonality errors are available for generating a true value from
uncalibrated sensor data. Therefore, the accelerometer error model for these deterministic errors
is as followed:
= ( ) ∗ + (1)
Where,
= × (2)
Equation 2.1 can be rearranged in the form:
= ( ) ∗ − (3)
Where
= raw measured output vector (3 1) from sensor for accelerometer =
= scale factor vector (3 3)
= misalignment vector (3 3)
= bias vector (3× 1) =
= true value of sensor measurement vector (3× 1) =
Here scale factor can be written in matrix form in their respective axis , and !:
=
0 0
0 0
0 0
(4)
4. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
4
Misalignment error can be represented their respective axis , and ! in matrix form:
=
1 # #
# 1 #
# # 1
(5)
#$% are present misalignments in the sensor of the &'(
sensitive axis of acceleration around the )'(
sensitive axis of the sensor [16].
To estimate the fitness function for accelerometer [7]:
= ( − ) + # * − + + # ( − ) (6)
= # ( − ) + * − + + # ( − ) (7)
= # ( − ) + # * − + + ( − ) (8)
, = -.( )/ + ( )/ + ( )/ − ( 0)/. (9)
In this way from sensor error model deterministic errors have 12 parameters: three for biases,
three for scale factors and six for misalignments or orthogonality errors. These all 12 parameters
can be rewritten in single vector form:
∅ 2 # # # # # # (10)
For accelerometer, after calculating , by Equation 9, deterministic errors can be evaluated.
Similarly, fitness function can be estimated for gyroscope:
3 = 3 ( 3 − 3 ) + #3 3 * 3 − 3 + + #3 3 ( 3 − 3 ) (11)
3 = #3 3 ( 3 − 3 ) + 3 * 3 − 3 + + #3 3 ( 3 − 3 ) (12)
3 = #3 3 ( 3 − 3 ) + #3 3 * 3 − 3 + + 3 ( 3 − 3 ) (13)
,3 = -.( 3 )/ + ( 3 )/ + ( 3 )/ − ( 3)/. (14)
Where, 3 = 7.292115 × 10 9
rad/sec, 3 , 3 and 3 are biases in , :;< ! respective
axis, 3 , 3 and 3 are scale factors in their sensitive axis , :;< ! axis.
#3 , #3 , #3 , #3 , #3 and #3 are misalignment errors of gyroscope.
These errors can be arranged in an array form:
∅3 = 3 3 3 3 3 3 #3 #3 #3 #3 #3 #3 (15)
After estimation of fitness function for given range of parameters of accelerometers and
gyroscopes, optimization techniques can be used for optimization.
5. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
5
3. OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
Optimization Technique is an act to find the best fitting parameters for a given minimization
argument. Optimization is a mathematical form which is concerned with finding the maxima or
minima of the fitness functions. Generally fitness functions can be subjected to constraint, which
needs to be provided carefully depending on the knowledge of the range of values that the
unknown variables may have. There are many optimization techniques which are developed to
minimize the cost function or fitness function. Particle Swarm Optimization and Human Opinion
Dynamics technique has explained in section 3.1 and 3.2 respectively.
3.1. PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO) METHOD
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was originally published by Kennedy and Eberhart (1995)
[6]. Basically, PSO is inspired by co-operative behavior observation of social animals and birds
in the nature. Compared with other available different type of optimization techniques, PSO is
easier to implement and to get optimized solution.
In PSO optimization technique, suppose numbers of particles are available here with in the
provided rages. Each particle has four attributes including their current position vector ( $), their
local best position ( =0>'), the velocity vector of swarm particles (?$) and best global position
( =0>'). Now the position and velocity of the swarm particles can be updated by [18]:
?$(@ + 1) = A × ?$(@) + B × C$ × ( =0>' $(@) − $(@)) + B/ × C$/ × ( =0>'(@) − $(@)) (16)
$(@ + 1) = $(@) + ?$(@) × ∆@ (17)
Where, & =1, 2, 3 . . . N
A = inertial weight factor of swarm particles
B , B/ = acceleration coefficients
C$ , C$/ = random numbers uniformly distributed with in [0, 1] range
∆@ = interval discrete time (set to 1)
Here A can be calculated from:
A = AE −
(3FGH 3FIJ)×KLMM0N' $'0M '$ON
P $ELE NLE=0M OQ $'0M '$ON
(18)
In Equation 18, AE = 0.9, AE$N= 0.4, where, A can be vary with in the given range and it can
be seen that A is decreasing with the iteration and acceleration factor B = B/=2 [17]. Local best
position of particle swarms can be updated by [19]:
=0>' $(@ + 1) = =0>' $(@); if , * $(@)+ > , * =0>' $(@)+
= $(@ + 1); if , * $(@)+ ≤ , * =0>' $(@)+ (19)
To evaluate =0>'(@):
6. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
6
=0>'(@ + 1) will be one of the appropriate =0>' $(@ + 1) which will evaluate minimum fitness
function [19].
=0>'(@ + 1) = arg min , * =0>' $(@ + 1)+ ∀ & ∈ V (20)
Figure 3: The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm flow chart
In this way, by using PSO optimization method IMU (accelerometer and gyroscope) can be
calibrated by using fitness function from Equation9 and 14, basic PSO optimization technique
can be applied [8]. This iterative process will follow the flow chart of Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) algorithm is mentioned in figure 3.
3.2. HUMAN OPINION DYNAMICS OPTIMIZATION METHOD
Human opinions are very important area to get some desired conclusion in social life. Human
opinion dynamics lead to decision making ability in social life. This human opinion concept can
be used to solve complex optimization problem. In real life, it can be seen that, suppose some
human opinions are available and their opinions are influenced with each other than, if any
human opinion is providing most influence to other then that opinion will be considered as most
preferable and given a highest rank over all human opinions. Similarly, if any other human
opinion is influencing lesser then last ranker then it will get lesser rank. In this way, all human
opinion will be sorted in ascending order.
Continuous opinion dynamics optimizer (CODO) can be used to solve complex mathematical
problem, where the basic roots of this algorithm are social structure, opinion space, social
influence and updating rule. Social structure has very important role in this algorithm, because it
7. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
7
governs the interaction between two different individual human opinions and among all
individuals.
The second basic important thing is opinion space. In social physics terms, opinions are basically
of two types: discrete and continuous. Discrete opinions can be values such as {0, 1} or {-1, 1}
and continuous could be any real value. Here, continuous opinion will be preferred. W$(@) is
opinion vector at a time t where &= 1, 2, 3 ...N. The opinion vectors should be uniformly
distributed [9].
Social influence is third important rudiment of the algorithm. Each opinion should have decision
making ability. Where opinions are influenced with each-other directly or indirectly and social
influence is the combined effect of these influences. To estimate the social influence, two factors
are responsible, i.e., Social Ranking (SR) of individuals and distance between two different
individuals (d). SR can be calculated by their fitness evaluation in ascending order.
The social influence X$%(@) at a time t of individual ) on individual & can be:
X$%(@) =
YZ[(')
I[(')
(21)
Where <$%(@) is Euclidean distance between individual ) and &. And finally updating rule is one of
the important aspects to be considered in this algorithm. For updating the opinions, various
strategies are adopted as stated in the literatures [10-14]. But, here Durkheimian opinion
dynamics has been used for updating rule. The update rule can be:
∆W$(@) =
∑ (^[(') ^I('))×_I[(')`
[ab
∑ _I[(')`
[ab
+ c$(@) ; & ≠ ) (22)
Where, W%(@) is the neighbors of an individual &. (j=1, 2, 3 ... N) and c$(@) is normally distributed
random noise with mean zero and standard deviation f$(@) at a time t.
Where, S is the strength of disintegrating force of society (S=0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100
as suitable) and ,$%(@) is the modulus of difference between fitness of the individual ) and &
respectively at a time t. If f$(@) is higher, higher is the tendency of and individual towards
individualization. It means if random noise is generated in Equation 22, then by using this
algorithm it will directly converge and get wrong converging point hence, c$(@) (normally
distributed random noise) has very important role for updating rule. So, c$(@) is referred as
adaptive noise [15]. In this way by using these equations (21, 22 and 23) optimized solution can
be determined as shown in table 1.
f$(@) = × ∑ j QI[(')k
%2 (23)
8. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
8
Table 1: Flow of algorithm for human opinion dynamics
4. RESULTS
For the tri-axial accelerometer, IMU can be rotated in three-dimensional space and there is no
need to put the IMU at a desired angle or rotation at particular angular speed. By rotating IMU in
space, raw data can be collected which are affected by deterministic errors such as biases, scale
factors and misalignment or non-orthogonalities for one minute and fourty seconds. Model
parameters of accelerometer and gyroscope have mentioned below in table 2 and 3 of PSO
optimization and HOD optimization techniques respectively. In the below tables #3 , #3 ,
#3 , #3 , #3 and #3 are misalignments , and are bias errors, , and are
respectively scale factors for accelerometer and gyroscope.
4.1. TEST ENVIRONMENT
In laboratory Xsens MTi-G-700 INS is available. MTi-G-700 INS includes an onboard GPS
receiver. The MTi-G-700 INS is not only to provide output and GPS-enhanced three dimension
orientation but also provides AHRS (Arithmetic Heading and Reference System)-augmented
position and velocity in three dimension space. Xsens MTi-G-700 INS is very small in size, low
weight, low cost, very flexible with a wide range of interfacing options. Xsens MTi-G-700 INS
gives output even if sensor is rotating in three dimensional. By rotating Xsens MTi-G-700 INS in
three dimension space, uncalibrated data of the sensor can be measured and collected in xlxs
format. These measured data can be direct used in MATLAB as input (uncalibrated data).
9. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
9
Figure 4: Experimental arrangement of Xsens MTi-G-700
MTi-G-700 INS is directly connected to computer via USB cable. MT manager software is used
to collect the data and can be displayed in computer's screen in real time. The motion of the
sensor can be linear and angular. The INS output data is decoded at 100 Hz. The output of the
accelerometer will be in m/s2
and output of gyroscope will be in rad/sec.
The mathematical model is developed as a fitness function from the error model of INS and
applied to standard Particle Swarm Optimization and Human Opinion Dynamics optimization
techniques, under MATLAB R2013a environment. According to the proposed methodology,
error model can be calibrated by these two optimization techniques independently to estimate the
unknown parameters.
4.2. RESULTS FOR CALIBRATION USING PSO OPTIMIZATION
After evaluation of error model, PSO optimization technique can be applied on fitness function of
Equation 9 and 14 for accelerometer and gyroscope respectively. Evaluated errors for
accelerometer and gyroscope by PSO has shown below in table 2 and these error parameters can
be arranged in form of array in Equation 10 and 15 for accelerometer and gyroscope respectively.
Table 2: Errors for accelerometer and gyroscope by PSO optimization technique
Error Parameters Accelerometer Gyroscope
32116.3048 32178.8073
31393.2765 33282.2932
31411.0244 33680.8198
0.00627 0.000204
0.00636 0.000449
0.00922 0.000215
# 0.0176 0.0025
# 0.0031 -0.0281
# 0.0008 0.0047
# 0.0225 -0.0123
# -0.0018 -0.0288
# 0.0266 -0.0034
10. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
10
4.3. RESULTS FOR CALIBRATION USING HOD OPTIMIZATION
Similarly, Human Opinion Dynamics algorithm can be applied to given fitness function of
Equation 9 and14 of IMU which includes all deterministic errors such as biases, scale factors and
misalignment in respective sensitive axes. After applying HOD algorithm, deterministic errors
can be obtained for accelerometer and gyroscope respectively. In this way, results for a set of
sequence of HOD optimization technique can be obtained by collected raw data of IMU which
are influenced by deterministic errors for accelerometer and gyroscope.
Table 3: Errors for accelerometer and gyroscope by HOD algorithm
Model parameters Accelerometer Gyroscope
32814.6839 32182.3256
32873.7602 31401.4845
32229.5274 32319.6946
0.0071 0.0002
0.0076 0.0003
0.0056 0.0002
# 0.0295 -0.0264
# -0.0285 -0.0015
# -0.0047 -0.0235
# -0.0097 -0.0237
# -0.0007 -0.0072
# -0.0087 -0.0197
It can be seen that twelve error parameters have shown in table 2 and 3 for accelerometers and
gyroscopes by using PSO and HOD optimization techniques. These twelve parameters can be
graphically represented for accelerometers of PSO and HOD optimized values which includes
bias, scale factor and misalignment error parameters as shown in figure 5. Bias errors are in m/s2
,
scale factor are unit less and misalignments are in ̊ degree in figure 5. Similarly graph
representation is shown in figure 6 for gyroscope where, bias errors are in rad/sec, scale factor are
unit less and misalignments are in ̊ degree.
Figure 5: Graph representation of PSO and HOD optimization techniques for accelerometer in respective
axis
11. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
11
Figure 6: Graph representation of PSO and HOD optimization techniques for gyroscope in respective axis
5. CONCLUSION
For calibration purpose, two different and unique methods have been adopted. Low cost MEMS
sensors are having large errors compared to higher grade inertial sensors. These deterministic
errors must be calibrated to get acceptable navigation results. This study attempted to test the
performance of the PSO optimization and Human Opinion Dynamics optimization techniques for
IMU calibration. First, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied for calibration
purpose and getting all deterministic error parameters and on the other side Human Opinion
Dynamics optimization algorithm can be applied on error model of IMU for calibration.
From results, it can be seen that, Particle Swarm Optimization and Human Opinion Dynamics
optimization techniques are giving the satisfactory result. However, since this technique does not
require any specific set of orientation sequences to be managed, it avoids any costly equipment
usage and is to be evolved further.
6. FUTURE WORKS
In future, it is aimed to study stochastic error modeling is to be also studied along with the
deterministic error. Furthermore, it is also desired to study few more optimization techniques
other than PSO and HOD which can be applied here in this scenario. And, lastly it is also aimed
in future to combine stochastic and deterministic error modeling in one framework.
REFERENCES
[1] Unsal, Derya, and Kerim Demirbas. "Estimation of deterministic and stochastic IMU error
parameters." Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), 2012 IEEE/ION. IEEE, 2012.
[2] Nassar, Sameh. Improving the inertial navigation system (INS) error model for INS and INS/DGPS
applications. National Library of Canada= Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2005.
[3] Tee, Kian Sek, et al. "Triaxial accelerometer static calibration." (2011).
[4] Fong, W. T., S. K. Ong, and A. Y. C. Nee. "Methods for in-field user calibration of an inertial
measurement unit without external equipment." Measurement Science and Technology 19.8 (2008):
085202.
12. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
12
[5] Naranjo, Claudia C. Meruane. "Analysis and modeling of MEMS based inertial sensors." School of
Electrical Engineering, Kungliga Tekniska Hgskolan, Stockholm (2008).
[6] Eberhart, Russ C., and James Kennedy. "A new optimizer using particle swarm theory." Proceedings
of the sixth international symposium on micro machine and human science. Vol. 1. 1995.
[7] Zhang, Liguo, Wenchao Li, and Huilian Liu. "Accelerometer Static Calibration based on the PSO
algorithm." 2nd International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information
Technology. Atlantis Press, 2012.
[8] Bai, Qinghai. "Analysis of particle swarm optimization algorithm." Computer and information
science 3.1 (2010): 180.
[9] Kaur, Rishemjit, et al. "Human opinion dynamics: An inspiration to solve complex optimization
problems." Scientific reports 3 (2013).
[10] Nowak, Andrzej, Jacek Szamrej, and Bibb Latané. "From private attitude to public opinion: A
dynamic theory of social impact." Psychological Review 97.3 (1990): 362.
[11] Deffuant, Guillaume, et al. "Mixing beliefs among interacting agents." Advances in Complex Systems
3.01n04 (2000): 87-98.
[12] Hegselmann, Rainer, and Ulrich Krause. "Opinion dynamics and bounded confidence models,
analysis, and simulation." Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 5.3 (2002).
[13] Sznajd-Weron, Katarzyna. "Sznajd model and its applications." arXiv preprint physics/0503239
(2005).
[14] Mäs, Michael, Andreas Flache, and Dirk Helbing. "Individualization as driving force of clustering
phenomena in humans." PLoS Comput Biol 6.10 (2010): e1000959.
[15] Panahandeh, Ghazaleh, Isaac Skog, and Magnus Jansson. "Calibration of the accelerometer triad of an
inertial measurement unit, maximum likelihood estimation and Cramer-Rao bound." Indoor
Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 2010 International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.
[16] Cai, Qingzhong, et al. "Accelerometer calibration with nonlinear scale factor based on multi-position
observation." Measurement Science and Technology 24.10 (2013): 105002.
[17] Mahapatra, Prasant Kumar, et al. "Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based tool position error
optimization." International Journal of Computer Applications 72.23 (2013).
[18] Zhi-Jie, L. I., et al. "An improved particle swarm algorithm for search optimization." 2009 WRI
Global Congress on Intelligent Systems. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2009.
[19] Tan, Chin-Woo, et al. "Design of gyroscope-free navigation systems." Intelligent Transportation
Systems, 2001. Proceedings. 2001 IEEE. IEEE, 2001.
[20] Kaplan, Elliott, and Christopher Hegarty. Understanding GPS: principles and applications. Artech
house, 2005.
[21] Savage, Paul G. Strapdown analytics. Vol. 2. Maple Plain, MN: Strapdown Associates,
2000.Maybeck, Peter S. Stochastic models, estimation, and control. Vol. 3. Academic press, 1982.
[22] Godha, Saurabh. Performance evaluation of low cost MEMS-based IMU integrated with GPS for land
vehicle navigation application. Library and Archives Canada= Bibliothèque et Archives Canada,
2006.
[23] Flenniken, W., J. Wall, and D. Bevly. "Characterization of various IMU error sources and the effect
on navigation performance." ION GNSS. 2005.
[24] Grewal, Mohinder S., Lawrence R. Weill, and Angus P. Andrews. Global positioning systems,
inertial navigation, and integration. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[25] Chatfield, Averil B. Fundamentals of high accuracy inertial navigation. Vol. 174. Aiaa, 1997.
[26] Titterton, David, and John L. Weston. Strapdown inertial navigation technology. Vol. 17. IET, 2004.
[27] Aggarwal, P., et al. "A standard testing and calibration procedure for low cost MEMS inertial sensors
and units." Journal of navigation 61.02 (2008): 323-336.
[28] Artese, G., and A. Trecroci. "Calibration of a low cost MEMS INS sensor for an integrated navigation
system." Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci (2008): 877-882.
[29] Cheuk, Chi Ming, et al. "Automatic calibration for inertial measurement unit." Control Automation
Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2012 12th International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
[30] Skog, Isaac, and Peter Händel. "Calibration of a MEMS inertial measurement unit." XVII IMEKO
World Congress. 2006.
13. International Journal Of Instrumentation And Control Systems (IJICS) Vol.7, No.1, January 2017
13
Vikas Kumar Sinha received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Telecommunication from
Government Engineering College Bilaspur Chhattisgarh India in 2012 and the M.Tech
degree from Manipal Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India in 2015.He is currently
Assistant Professor in MATS University Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. He also worked in
CSIR-CSIO Chandigarh as a M.Tech Trainee for 10 months. His specific research interests
include INS calibration techniques, optimization techniques.
Avinash Maurya received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Telecommunication from
Government Engineering College Bilaspur Chhattisgarh India in 2012 and the M.Tech
degree from SGGS IE&T Nanded, Maharastra, India in 2015. He is currently working as
Assistant Professor in G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
His research interest is fractional order system and optimization.