IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Development IJERD : hard copy of journal, Call for Papers 2012, publishing of journal, journal of science and technology, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
1. The document summarizes a study that investigated awareness of renewable energy technology education in Adamawa and Taraba States of northeast Nigeria. A total of 360 questionnaires were administered across 12 local government areas, with respondents aged 18-50.
2. The results revealed that 67% of respondents in both states were unaware of any form of renewable energy. 54% had not shown concern for the environment previously. However, most respondents were willing to learn about and adopt renewable energy technologies.
3. The majority of respondents felt they needed more information about renewable energy, especially through radio and schools. However, over 70% thought the government should take primary responsibility for increasing renewable energy use.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE POWER SUPPLY IN THE NIGERIAN POWER IND...IAEME Publication
The challenge of climate change results primarily from the global use of fossil
fuel. Renewable energy as alternative energy source allows the use of natural sources
such as micro-hydro, wind; solar, and biomass that are sustainable to be explored.
The increase in the dependence on renewable energy calls for attention which can be
solved by the use of energy management. Energy management will provide a
consistent and controllable power supply. There is the need for the integration of
energy management into the grid planning and design. In this work, Energy
management using energy storage is thus considered as one design method for the
system to maximize simplicity and increase reliability using HOMER, a conventional
simulation tool.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Development of Indices for Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Technologies Imp...IJEAB
The history of economic development is on the cost of ecology rather than the sustaining environment and development. The countries that became centrally located in the stream of economic exchanges among people around the world impacted the environment in the long run. Newspapers and editorials include environmental horror stories almost on a daily basis and demand better management of natural resources (Jangu, 2014). But who is listening? The environment is not just lush green trees, threated plant and animal species. It is the entity on which humans primarily exist, and agricultural and industrial development depends. Development on the cost of the environment can never be sustainable rather it would take us to a point causing enormous ecological losses and human sufferings primarily because of the present rate of development in developing countries. In order to contribute to the overall development in India, access to modern energy and cleaner fuel for rural households is important. The Brundtland Commission in its 1987 report ‘Our Common Future’ coined the most quoted definition of the term sustainable development, i.e., development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs (Mathur and Goswami, 2016). Sustainable production and consumption of resources helps to satisfy necessities of life such as nutritious food, good health, clean water and sanitation, clean energy, education, employment creating sustainable communities while combating climate change. Having a negative energy balance for decades, India is forced to purchase energy from other countries to fulfil the needs of the entire country. Hence, energy access is an important component of poverty alleviation and an indispensable element of sustainable human development. Government of India has initiated numerous development programmes focussing on providing sustainable energy solutions to rural communities often deprived of clean and uninterrupted energy supply for their daily energy requirements. The study entitled ‘Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households’ was conducted in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh states. The outcomes of the study provide a roadmap for future programmes promoting the use of clean, efficient and modern energy technologies, to be implemented more effectively. Findings would further benefit the primary and secondary key stakeholders involved in research and development, formulation of policies and regulations, promoting sale and purchase and provide financial assistance to future energy programmes meant to popularize the use of Renewable Energy Technologies.
In the present generation energy plays a vital role in our world and for human life it´s very important factor. There is a methodical meeting taking place regarding the conservation of energy and every time there is a review in the agenda. Energy demand and supply were endeavored by these countries. To rectify these problems, there should be more research in the generation of energy with the greater efficiency and try to use energy in more efficient manner. Solar energy remains as the most prominent source of energy as it is cost effective and environmentally friendly. Reviews convey that solar energy systems will play a major role in the power generations. As per present scenario there is a great importance to the solar energy using photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems exhibit an important role for solar energy production.
Sustainable Development of Bioenergy from Agriculture Residues and EnvironmentTriple A Research Journal
This communication discusses a comprehensive review of biomass energy
sources, environment and sustainable development. This includes all the
biomass energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy
conservation scenarios, energy savings and other mitigation measures
necessary to reduce emissions globally. The current literature is reviewed
regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biomass
technology. This study gives an overview of present and future use of
biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and
other materials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market
situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that
biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested,
implemented, and demonstrated, but especially in remote rural areas.
Keywords: Biomass resources, wastes, woodfuel, biofuels, energy,
environment, sustainability related with bioenergy development, disperse
systems formulation science, surfactant sciences
RENEWABLE ENERGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE POWER SUPPLY IN THE NIGERIAN POWER IND...IAEME Publication
The challenge of climate change results primarily from the global use of fossil
fuel. Renewable energy as alternative energy source allows the use of natural sources
such as micro-hydro, wind; solar, and biomass that are sustainable to be explored.
The increase in the dependence on renewable energy calls for attention which can be
solved by the use of energy management. Energy management will provide a
consistent and controllable power supply. There is the need for the integration of
energy management into the grid planning and design. In this work, Energy
management using energy storage is thus considered as one design method for the
system to maximize simplicity and increase reliability using HOMER, a conventional
simulation tool.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Development of Indices for Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Technologies Imp...IJEAB
The history of economic development is on the cost of ecology rather than the sustaining environment and development. The countries that became centrally located in the stream of economic exchanges among people around the world impacted the environment in the long run. Newspapers and editorials include environmental horror stories almost on a daily basis and demand better management of natural resources (Jangu, 2014). But who is listening? The environment is not just lush green trees, threated plant and animal species. It is the entity on which humans primarily exist, and agricultural and industrial development depends. Development on the cost of the environment can never be sustainable rather it would take us to a point causing enormous ecological losses and human sufferings primarily because of the present rate of development in developing countries. In order to contribute to the overall development in India, access to modern energy and cleaner fuel for rural households is important. The Brundtland Commission in its 1987 report ‘Our Common Future’ coined the most quoted definition of the term sustainable development, i.e., development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs (Mathur and Goswami, 2016). Sustainable production and consumption of resources helps to satisfy necessities of life such as nutritious food, good health, clean water and sanitation, clean energy, education, employment creating sustainable communities while combating climate change. Having a negative energy balance for decades, India is forced to purchase energy from other countries to fulfil the needs of the entire country. Hence, energy access is an important component of poverty alleviation and an indispensable element of sustainable human development. Government of India has initiated numerous development programmes focussing on providing sustainable energy solutions to rural communities often deprived of clean and uninterrupted energy supply for their daily energy requirements. The study entitled ‘Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households’ was conducted in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh states. The outcomes of the study provide a roadmap for future programmes promoting the use of clean, efficient and modern energy technologies, to be implemented more effectively. Findings would further benefit the primary and secondary key stakeholders involved in research and development, formulation of policies and regulations, promoting sale and purchase and provide financial assistance to future energy programmes meant to popularize the use of Renewable Energy Technologies.
In the present generation energy plays a vital role in our world and for human life it´s very important factor. There is a methodical meeting taking place regarding the conservation of energy and every time there is a review in the agenda. Energy demand and supply were endeavored by these countries. To rectify these problems, there should be more research in the generation of energy with the greater efficiency and try to use energy in more efficient manner. Solar energy remains as the most prominent source of energy as it is cost effective and environmentally friendly. Reviews convey that solar energy systems will play a major role in the power generations. As per present scenario there is a great importance to the solar energy using photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems exhibit an important role for solar energy production.
Sustainable Development of Bioenergy from Agriculture Residues and EnvironmentTriple A Research Journal
This communication discusses a comprehensive review of biomass energy
sources, environment and sustainable development. This includes all the
biomass energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy
conservation scenarios, energy savings and other mitigation measures
necessary to reduce emissions globally. The current literature is reviewed
regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biomass
technology. This study gives an overview of present and future use of
biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and
other materials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market
situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that
biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested,
implemented, and demonstrated, but especially in remote rural areas.
Keywords: Biomass resources, wastes, woodfuel, biofuels, energy,
environment, sustainability related with bioenergy development, disperse
systems formulation science, surfactant sciences
Over the last decade, the liberalization of the electricity market has been sought. In order to fight the environmental impact caused by the use of fossil fuels, it is aimed to change the current system of centralized generation and achieve a more distributed one; distributed resources can use renewable or non-renewable resources as main source of energy, one way to implement these distributed systems is through micro electrical grids, since these allow improving energy efficiency. The way to efficiently implement this type of network is an important point to be solved in future research and even more if the way of conducting an electricity market for different communities is unknown. That is why this text presents the characteristics of microgrids, the management of microgrids, and the wide and promising panorama of future opportunities for a great development of this type of grid.
Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households in Haryana and Himachal Prade...IJAEMSJORNAL
In developing countries the energy problems are both widespread and serious. Lack of access to sufficient and sustainable supplies of energy impacts around 90% of the population of many developing countries. People are compelled to live without regular and good quality electricity supply. The rural population remains dependent on fuels such as animal dung, crop residues, fuel wood and charcoal to cook their daily meals. Without efficient, clean energy, people are undermined in their efforts to engage effectively in productive activities and improve their quality of life (Barnes and Floor, 1996). India is home to the largest rural population in the world with approx. 68.84% of the total population residing in rural areas (Census, 2011). In order to contribute to the overall development in India, access to modern energy and cleaner fuel for rural households is important. There is a need to bridge the access gap by expanding energy systems to meet the energy requirements of the fast growing population and mitigate the threat of climate change. The best possible solution to the energy poverty challenges lies in the shift towards sustainable energy technologies. In the present scenario, the uncontrollable increase in use of non-renewable energies such as fossil fuel, oil, natural gas has led to fluctuation of demand and supply. This negative energy balance for decades has forced India to purchase energy from other countries to fulfill the needs of the entire country. Hence, energy access is an important component of poverty alleviation and an indispensable element of sustainable human development. Government of India has initiated numerous development programmes, focusing on providing sustainable energy solutions to rural communities often deprived of clean and uninterrupted energy supply for their daily energy requirements. The study entitled ‘Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households’ was conducted in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh states. The outcomes of the study provide a roadmap for future programmes promoting the use of clean, efficient and modern energy technologies, to be implemented more effectively. Findings would further benefit the primary and secondary key stakeholders involved in research and development, formulation of policies and regulations, promoting sale and purchase and provide financial assistance to future energy programmes meant to popularize the use of Renewable Energy Technologies.
Public engagement in Ontario's energy policy 2009 2016Marco Covi
Major Research Project on the evolution of public engagement in Ontario on energy and environmental policy compared and contrasted against the UK. Lessons that can be learned are discussed as well as limitations to implementation of robust public engagement processes.
DATABASES ANALYSIS OF HYDROPOWER RESOURCE POTENTIAL AROUND THE GLOBEEEIJ journal
The renewable generation is one of the fast growing power system .Whereas the world is facing the
challenge of effectively exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources, not only to meet the increasing
energy demand, but also to preserve and to reduce the depletion of fossil fuels and to lessen the amount of
CO2 emissions in our atmosphere .The national energy generation resources of every country plays an
important role in the development. The energy transition is well underway in most European countries. It
has a growing impact on electric power systems as it dramatically modifies the way electricity is produced.
In this paper, our focus is to perform a systematic review of hydropower resource potential around the
Globe. In this study we will address three research queries: 1) what is the existing status of hydropower
resource potential around the globe? 2) What kind of methodologies frameworks and approaches are used
for exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources 3) What are the limitations of exploiting renewable
resource potentials. The purpose of the study is to highlight the current research issues, to provide valid
solutions to these issues and to find out the limitations of existing work in this area of hydropower resource
potential. This will be done by performing quantitative literature analysis of different databases and all the
results will be gathered by analysing the statistical data using “SPSS”. Remedial techniques for handling
the limitation of usability engineering management will be planned in future.
In this paper, Agham explores the issue of the use of renewable energy in the country and its place in achieving a pro-people, pro-environment national power industry. The paper would go through the basics of renewable energy (RE), the country's renewable energy resources and potentials vis-à-vis the current energy pattern. The overarching policy and program of the government will then be discussed, its impacts on the current energy landscape and Agham's critique on the current framework.
Household Perspectives and value of Low-Carbon off-grid Energy Technologies i...AI Publications
Kenya is constrained by low rural clean energy access, particularly among communities in remote settings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the social value and preferences of low-carbon off-grid technologies by households in Kenyan rangelands as an alternative to the national grid for powering isolated low-income communities. To this end a household survey was conducted on a settlement in Laikipia North using interview schedules to assess demographic characteristics, energy consumption patterns and average expenditure on traditional fuels, clean energy awareness, preferences and willingness to pay. Key findings revealed that residential off-grid clean energy options studied were largely found to be socially viable, as rural households are willing to switch from high-carbon fuels, but affordability is a key concern. The most acceptable off-grid low-carbon lighting technologies for remote low-income homesteads are Pico solar lamps and solar panels, while portable Liquid petroleum gas stoves and clean cook-stoves were found to be the most acceptable technology for low-carbon cooking at household level due to the relatively low cost, and portability factors which are favorable for pastoralist communities. It was also found that despite the Kenyan Government commitment towards a green economy, a change in policy direction would be necessary to ensure that there is inclusive access to clean energy through awareness programs and targeted financial interventions in support of low-income energy-deprived communities.
Renewable energy, institutional stability, environment and economic growth ne...Power System Operation
The anthropogenic impact of conventional energy sources encourages the utilization of renewable energy, as it
has become a strategic commodity for economic growth. On the other hand, institutional stability is the prerequisite
without which environmental quality cannot be assured and the economy cannot function. However,
in recent literature, very little consideration has been given to this important phenomenon. This study is set to
analyze the energy-institutional stability-economic growth nexus, as well as the energy-institutional stabilityenvironmental
quality nexus, by incorporating the Cobb Douglas production function and the Diet and Rosa
environmental function respectively. The sample consists of the D-8 countries and the time period spans 1990 to
2016. To analyze the developed models, Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least
Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) tests are applied, along with other econometric
techniques. The panel ARDL statistics indicate significant cointegration among all variables of both functions,
while the FMOLS test reveals that consumption of both nonrenewable and renewable energy has a positive
impact on economic growth, as well as on environmental degradation. Further, results indicate that institutional
stability is crucial for establishing a nation on a sound footing and protecting environmental quality. Based on
these results, the study suggests a blend of both types of energy and a gradual transition toward renewable
energy sources, with better implementation of policies and technological advances, to produce, preserve, and
transmit renewable energy production.
Integrated Science: Merging scientific disciplines to address global challengesDuPont
DuPont's Senior Vice President and Chief Science & Technology Officer, Doug Muzyka, addressed the 2013 Council for Chemical Research (CCR) conference on May 20, 2013.
The world is facing unprecedented challenges, brought on partly due to the increasing demands of a growing population. Muzyka challenged the chemical industry, who plays an important role in providing sustainable energy solutions, to continue to differentiate and diversify chemical offerings. According to Muzyka, our ongoing success will require continued integration of science, diversification of ideas and collaboration.
Over the last decade, the liberalization of the electricity market has been sought. In order to fight the environmental impact caused by the use of fossil fuels, it is aimed to change the current system of centralized generation and achieve a more distributed one; distributed resources can use renewable or non-renewable resources as main source of energy, one way to implement these distributed systems is through micro electrical grids, since these allow improving energy efficiency. The way to efficiently implement this type of network is an important point to be solved in future research and even more if the way of conducting an electricity market for different communities is unknown. That is why this text presents the characteristics of microgrids, the management of microgrids, and the wide and promising panorama of future opportunities for a great development of this type of grid.
Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households in Haryana and Himachal Prade...IJAEMSJORNAL
In developing countries the energy problems are both widespread and serious. Lack of access to sufficient and sustainable supplies of energy impacts around 90% of the population of many developing countries. People are compelled to live without regular and good quality electricity supply. The rural population remains dependent on fuels such as animal dung, crop residues, fuel wood and charcoal to cook their daily meals. Without efficient, clean energy, people are undermined in their efforts to engage effectively in productive activities and improve their quality of life (Barnes and Floor, 1996). India is home to the largest rural population in the world with approx. 68.84% of the total population residing in rural areas (Census, 2011). In order to contribute to the overall development in India, access to modern energy and cleaner fuel for rural households is important. There is a need to bridge the access gap by expanding energy systems to meet the energy requirements of the fast growing population and mitigate the threat of climate change. The best possible solution to the energy poverty challenges lies in the shift towards sustainable energy technologies. In the present scenario, the uncontrollable increase in use of non-renewable energies such as fossil fuel, oil, natural gas has led to fluctuation of demand and supply. This negative energy balance for decades has forced India to purchase energy from other countries to fulfill the needs of the entire country. Hence, energy access is an important component of poverty alleviation and an indispensable element of sustainable human development. Government of India has initiated numerous development programmes, focusing on providing sustainable energy solutions to rural communities often deprived of clean and uninterrupted energy supply for their daily energy requirements. The study entitled ‘Renewable Energy Options among Rural Households’ was conducted in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh states. The outcomes of the study provide a roadmap for future programmes promoting the use of clean, efficient and modern energy technologies, to be implemented more effectively. Findings would further benefit the primary and secondary key stakeholders involved in research and development, formulation of policies and regulations, promoting sale and purchase and provide financial assistance to future energy programmes meant to popularize the use of Renewable Energy Technologies.
Public engagement in Ontario's energy policy 2009 2016Marco Covi
Major Research Project on the evolution of public engagement in Ontario on energy and environmental policy compared and contrasted against the UK. Lessons that can be learned are discussed as well as limitations to implementation of robust public engagement processes.
DATABASES ANALYSIS OF HYDROPOWER RESOURCE POTENTIAL AROUND THE GLOBEEEIJ journal
The renewable generation is one of the fast growing power system .Whereas the world is facing the
challenge of effectively exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources, not only to meet the increasing
energy demand, but also to preserve and to reduce the depletion of fossil fuels and to lessen the amount of
CO2 emissions in our atmosphere .The national energy generation resources of every country plays an
important role in the development. The energy transition is well underway in most European countries. It
has a growing impact on electric power systems as it dramatically modifies the way electricity is produced.
In this paper, our focus is to perform a systematic review of hydropower resource potential around the
Globe. In this study we will address three research queries: 1) what is the existing status of hydropower
resource potential around the globe? 2) What kind of methodologies frameworks and approaches are used
for exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources 3) What are the limitations of exploiting renewable
resource potentials. The purpose of the study is to highlight the current research issues, to provide valid
solutions to these issues and to find out the limitations of existing work in this area of hydropower resource
potential. This will be done by performing quantitative literature analysis of different databases and all the
results will be gathered by analysing the statistical data using “SPSS”. Remedial techniques for handling
the limitation of usability engineering management will be planned in future.
In this paper, Agham explores the issue of the use of renewable energy in the country and its place in achieving a pro-people, pro-environment national power industry. The paper would go through the basics of renewable energy (RE), the country's renewable energy resources and potentials vis-à-vis the current energy pattern. The overarching policy and program of the government will then be discussed, its impacts on the current energy landscape and Agham's critique on the current framework.
Household Perspectives and value of Low-Carbon off-grid Energy Technologies i...AI Publications
Kenya is constrained by low rural clean energy access, particularly among communities in remote settings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the social value and preferences of low-carbon off-grid technologies by households in Kenyan rangelands as an alternative to the national grid for powering isolated low-income communities. To this end a household survey was conducted on a settlement in Laikipia North using interview schedules to assess demographic characteristics, energy consumption patterns and average expenditure on traditional fuels, clean energy awareness, preferences and willingness to pay. Key findings revealed that residential off-grid clean energy options studied were largely found to be socially viable, as rural households are willing to switch from high-carbon fuels, but affordability is a key concern. The most acceptable off-grid low-carbon lighting technologies for remote low-income homesteads are Pico solar lamps and solar panels, while portable Liquid petroleum gas stoves and clean cook-stoves were found to be the most acceptable technology for low-carbon cooking at household level due to the relatively low cost, and portability factors which are favorable for pastoralist communities. It was also found that despite the Kenyan Government commitment towards a green economy, a change in policy direction would be necessary to ensure that there is inclusive access to clean energy through awareness programs and targeted financial interventions in support of low-income energy-deprived communities.
Renewable energy, institutional stability, environment and economic growth ne...Power System Operation
The anthropogenic impact of conventional energy sources encourages the utilization of renewable energy, as it
has become a strategic commodity for economic growth. On the other hand, institutional stability is the prerequisite
without which environmental quality cannot be assured and the economy cannot function. However,
in recent literature, very little consideration has been given to this important phenomenon. This study is set to
analyze the energy-institutional stability-economic growth nexus, as well as the energy-institutional stabilityenvironmental
quality nexus, by incorporating the Cobb Douglas production function and the Diet and Rosa
environmental function respectively. The sample consists of the D-8 countries and the time period spans 1990 to
2016. To analyze the developed models, Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least
Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) tests are applied, along with other econometric
techniques. The panel ARDL statistics indicate significant cointegration among all variables of both functions,
while the FMOLS test reveals that consumption of both nonrenewable and renewable energy has a positive
impact on economic growth, as well as on environmental degradation. Further, results indicate that institutional
stability is crucial for establishing a nation on a sound footing and protecting environmental quality. Based on
these results, the study suggests a blend of both types of energy and a gradual transition toward renewable
energy sources, with better implementation of policies and technological advances, to produce, preserve, and
transmit renewable energy production.
Integrated Science: Merging scientific disciplines to address global challengesDuPont
DuPont's Senior Vice President and Chief Science & Technology Officer, Doug Muzyka, addressed the 2013 Council for Chemical Research (CCR) conference on May 20, 2013.
The world is facing unprecedented challenges, brought on partly due to the increasing demands of a growing population. Muzyka challenged the chemical industry, who plays an important role in providing sustainable energy solutions, to continue to differentiate and diversify chemical offerings. According to Muzyka, our ongoing success will require continued integration of science, diversification of ideas and collaboration.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...
Similar to IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Development IJERD : hard copy of journal, Call for Papers 2012, publishing of journal, journal of science and technology, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
Effect of Environmental Awareness on Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energyinventionjournals
While world population is increasing and consumption is depleting resources rapidly, it has caused environmental disruption, air pollution and climate change. Scientists and environmentalists try to change energy resources as renewable and nature friendly when they produce ideas about climate change and environmental issues. Although production from renewable energy resources are defined as sustainable and nature friendly by comparison with fossil energy resources, change would have costs. Costs will response to consumers naturally even though investors and governments defray. Consumer adaptation process to the renewable energy market which is formed by the changing production resources should be managed efficiently. In this paper, an empirical study has been done on the measure effect of consumers’ attitude towards environment on willingness to pay for electricity that produces by renewable energy resources. Also, effect of financial capability of consumers on willingness to pay is evaluated. Descriptive analysis on responsibility of increasing renewable energy production and fighting against climate change and global warming; perceived environmental and climate change impact of the energy resources; perceived investment and production costs of the different energy resources are aimed to conclude.
the best homework you can find. to extract the most useful information in the data analysis panel where this file can help you in understanding the data and the different between all of the papers in the market
A Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Policies and its Impact on Economi...ssuser793b4e
Renewable energy has been identified as a critical component of
global efforts to address climate change, enhance energy security, and foster
sustainable economic growth. As a result, many countries have implemented
renewable energy policies to promote the development and deployment of
renewable energy technologies. However, the impact of these policies on
economic growth remains a subject of debate. This article provides a
comparative analysis of renewable energy policies and their impact on
economic growth. The study employs a systematic review of the literature and
utilizes qualitative and quantitative methods to compare renewable energy
policies and their economic impacts across different countries. The findings
suggest that the impact of renewable energy policies on economic growth
varies across countries and is influenced by factors such as policy design,
institutional context, and economic structure. This research article finally,
examined the challenges associated with implementing renewable energy
policies, analyzed the implications of the findings for policymakers and
further gave some potential solutions that will help the policymakers and
future researchers
Promoting Massive Renewable Energy (RE) Projects
towards achieving Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Taiwo Benjamin
Carleton University, Canada
Presented at #naee2015
Sustainable Energy for All: Addressing Energy Poverty through InnovationChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Rajini K R Karduri, "Sustainable Energy for All: Addressing Energy Poverty through Innovation", International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 8,Issue 5,May 2022,pp 25-38
Why access to modern Energy is a necessary condition for Human Development?
MATIKE NGONG ROLLIN
Chairman of Global actions for local development Organizations,
PRESS RELEASE
Potential of Renewable Energy Outlined in Report by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Experts Underline Significant Future Role in Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Powering Sustainable Development
Over 160 Scenarios on the Potential of six Renewable Energy Technologies Reviewed by
Global Team of Technological Experts and Scientists
11
th
Session of Working Group III
Renewable Energy final paper, Cordell-Hedin-KrahenbuhlPancakes
Similar to IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Development IJERD : hard copy of journal, Call for Papers 2012, publishing of journal, journal of science and technology, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, (20)
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
The paper addresses the importance of welding design to prevent corrosion at steel. Welding is
used to join pipe, profiles at bridges, spindle, and a lot more part of engineering construction. The
problems happened associated with welding are common issues in these fields, especially corrosion.
Corrosion can be reduced with many methods, they are painting, controlling humidity, and also good
welding design. In the research, it can be found that reducing residual stress on the welding can be
solved in corrosion rate reduction problem.
Preheating on 500oC and 600oC give better condition to reduce corosion rate than condition after
preheating 400oC. For all welding groove type, material with 500oC and 600oC preheating after 14 days
corrosion test is 0,5%-0,69% lost. Material with 400oC preheating after 14 days corrosion test is 0,57%-0,76%
lost.
Welding groove also influence corrosion rate. X and V type welding groove give better condition to reduce
corrosion rate than use 1/2V and 1/2 X welding groove. After 14 days corrosion test, the samples with
X welding groove type is 0,5%-0,57% lost. The samples with V welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is
0,51%-0,59% lost. The samples with 1/2V and 1/2X welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is 0,58%-
0,71% lost.
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Development IJERD : hard copy of journal, Call for Papers 2012, publishing of journal, journal of science and technology, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 3, Issue 1 (August 2012), PP. 18-26
Renewable Energy Education for Development
Visa M. Ibrahim1, M.A. Mustafa2, M.B. Yusuf3
1,2,3
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,School Of Engineering and Engineering Technology,
ModibboAdamma University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State. Nigeria.
Abstract––This study investigates the level of renewable energy technology education awareness in Adamawa and Taraba
States of North East Nigeria. This was in view of the fact that the use of renewable energy technology provide a perfect
example of how economic well-being and a strong commitment to our environment can complement one another in an
effort to reduced emission, provision of sufficient power supply, a cleaner environment, strong and growing economy;
and on the other hand, reducing our dependence on fossil fuel and enhancing our security of energy supply. To arrive at
the result obtained, 30% of the local government areas in each state were randomly selected, given a total of twelve local
government areas (7 from Adamawa state and 5 from Taraba state), within each sampled local government area,three
villages were purposively sampled and a total of 360 questionnaires were administered and analyzed using descriptive
statistics in addition to t-test analysis. The result revealed that greater proportion of the respondent in both states
measuring 67% are not aware of any form of renewable energy, and 54% of the respondent which constitute the majority
in both states shows that they have never shown concerned about the environment, but they do not agree that it was the
role of individuals to sustain the environment, though they are willing to learn and adopt.
Keyword––Renewable, Energy, Development, Technology, Education.
I. INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy technology makes indirect contribution to alleviating poverty by providing energy for cooking
and space heating. Improved biomass stoves, liquid and gaseous fuels derived from locally produced biomass can reduce the
drain on household income, while freeing up time for education and income-generating activities. By making light more
affordable and reliable, renewable energy technology also permits schools and businesses to operate after dark. Renewable
energy can contribute to education as well, by providing electricity to schools, improving attendance, retaining teachers, and
powering educational media (Curry, T.E. 2004). Renewable energy for cooking and heating can reduce the time that
children, especially girls, spend out of school collecting fuel. In addition, the displacement of traditional fuel reduces the
health problem from indoor air pollution produced by burning those fuels. Renewable energy can also contribute to improve
health by providing energy to refrigerate medicine, sterilize medical equipment, and incinerate medical waste. And it can
provide power for supplying the fresh water and sewer services needed to reduce the burden of infectious disease. By
developing energy sources such as large hydro power, wind power, geothermal power, and liquid biofuels, developing
countries can reduce their dependence on oil and natural gas, creating energy portfolios that are less vulnerable to price
fluctuations. In many circumstances, these investments can be economically justified as less expensive than a narrower,
fossil fuel dominated energy system (Olatunji T.2006). Most poor countries have abundant renewable resources, including
varying combinations of solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass, as well as the ability to manufacture the relatively labour-
intensive systems that harness these. However, only a few developing countries have adopted the policies needed to spur the
development of renewable energy technology and markets, which have been dominated by Europe, Japan, and North
America (Leiserowitz, A. 2003). The exceptions include Brazil, which has built the world‟s leading biofuels industry, and
China and India, which are leaders in developing decentralized renewable sources such as small hydro, small wind, biogas,
and solar water heating. Renewable energy technology faces a number of barriers that have delayed scaling-up their
production and use in developing countries. Unlike conventional energy sources, which have benefited from decades of
research development, an established industrial base, and government-subsidized infrastructure support, renewable energy
options are just becoming known in many regions. Government policies and support systems are frequently biased in favour
of conventional energy sources. Renewable energy education can have a dramatic impact on the pace of introduction of
renewable energy, as several developing countries have demonstrated (Richard T. Watson2010). Most renewable energy
sources require a significant upfront investment, as has been the case for most of the conventional energy sources that
dominate today‟s energy system. This means that in the early years of deployment, renewable energy options are typically
more expensive than the conventional alternative. Government intervention to level the playing field is therefore needed to
start the development process. Experience shows that as the scale of use increases, costs decline significantly in the early
years (Okoye A.C, 2011). A growing number of developing country governments have recognized the essential role that
renewable energy technologies can play in meeting basic energy needs and achieving the MDGs.Well-designed policies will
allow the cost of the renewable options to fall rapidly in the first several years. It is through the combined efforts of
governments and the private sector that strong, sustained markets for renewable energy are most likely to develop.
MDG 2: EDUCATIO
18
2. Renewable Energy Education for Development
1.1 Importance of Public Understanding of Renewable Energy
The key finding is that GHG emissions are growing rapidly and that little time is left to turn things around. With
current climate and development practices, global GHG emissions will continue to grow over the next few decades. The first
part is simply observed fact-GHGs increased by 70% from 1970-2004. Most of these increases come from burning fossil
fuels (coal, oil and gas), but deforestation is also a problem. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) report
released makes it clear that the world cannot continue on its current path. „If we continue what we are doing now we are in
deep trouble‟ (energy management news, 2007).
There are several reasons why public understanding of renewable energy might be important.
Four of them are these:
(1) The earth is a lonely planet in a vast space, not as crowded as the impression one getsfrom science fiction movies.
For humans to move from a destroyed earth to another hospitable planet is just impossible.
(2) The earth is a planet alive with a dead sister and a dead brother. Venus is too hot for lifedue to too much
greenhouse gas, while Mars is too cold also due to too little green house gas.
(3) Anthropogenic influence on the world's climate, in particular climate warming due to release of greenhouse gasses
like carbon dioxide CO2 and methane CH4 is generally agreed upon
(4) One major source of greenhouse gases is combustion of fossil fuel, which has to be replaced by increased energy
efficiency and large-scale worldwide dissemination of appropriate technologies for harnessing renewable sources
of energy.
A reasonable conclusion is that public understanding of renewable energy is important. There are also several
questions with respect to renewable energy: What do professionals - researchers, planetariums and teachers - say? How
interested is the public - and different target groups – in renewable energy, and what do they already know? A very crucial
role exists of common people in the success of this objective of large scale harnessing of renewable sources of energy, since
asadoption as well as design, developing, manufacturing etc., would require their participation.
II. METHODOLOGY
This research work forms part of a bigger project that focuses on individual and organisational choices related to
the public understanding of renewable energy and its environmental consequences. Two states of north eastern Nigeria were
choosed as case study based on their geographical proximity; the states include Adamawa and Taraba State. In each of the
two states, seven local government areaswere choosed for the research work.
The research was made possible through the use of purposive sampling method and questioner, 30 respondents
were randomly picked irrespective of sex and between the ages of 18-50 years. Three hundred and sixty questioners were
distributed and the coding of the responses to each question within the questionnaire were analysed. The result shown in
Table 2.1 below
2.1 Sampling
How well datais sampled depends on the availability of a sampling frame, thesample size and selection procedures.
When the aim of the sample in this study was toproduce data that could be subjected to a variety of statistical techniques,
purposive samplingwas considered to be the most effective method for this research work.
A sample frame is a set of people that has a chance to be selected, given the sampling approach that is taken. In
statistical terms a sample can only be representative of the people included inthe sampling frame. Using purposive sampling
procedure, thestudy as in most samplingapproaches, a targeted specific population, thus the ages between 18-50 years was
taken as the unit of analysis.
2.2 The Questionnaire
The study was an attempt to understand public understanding, attitudes and behaviourtoward renewable energy
technology. In order to discover thestrength of public support, level of knowledge, which groups are more supportive than
others, the questionnaire was dividedinto several sections with various types of question design.The first section asked about
the identity of the respondent, such as gender and level of education.
The second section asked some general awareness questions about environmental issues and wasdesigned to assess
the level of knowledge that people possessed about concepts such assustainable development, energy efficiency and
renewable energy. Respondents were askedwhere they had heard of these ideas, how concerned they were about change in
long termweather pattern and which factors did they think increased risk of climate change.
The third section asked some specific questions about renewable energy such as whether there is need for more
information about renewable energy and if yes where is the most useful place for such information to be made available?
Another question is to whether renewable energy should be increased.Questions following included the type of renewable
technology that respondents might like toinclude in their homes.
Attitudes and opinions about environmental issues were sought in the last section of thequestionnaire and within
this section we were particularly interested in the level of support forrenewable technology over existing fossil fuel and the
level of concern of the need to saveenergy. Other questions included the level of importance given to environmental concern.
The questionnaire construction was composed of closed; pre-coded questions to give structure tothe information
gathered and included a mixed question format. Single answer questionsrequiring the respondent to choose a single reply
from a pre-selected list of options wereincorporated, such as demographic information where respondentswere asked about
major responsibility for use of renewable energy. Multiple answer questionsalso featured, where more than one answer was
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3. Renewable Energy Education for Development
sought for such question askingabout the types of renewable installations that respondents might wish to introduce into
theirhomes.
III. RESULTS
The coding of the questioner is given below
Number of questioner distributed =360
Number of questioner received =350
Number of respondent =350
Table 2.1:The coding of the response to each question within the questionnaire.
ITEMS ADAMAWA TARABA TOTAL PERCENTAGE
STATE STATE
GENDER
MALE 120 98 218 62.3
FEMALE 80 52 132 37.7
TOTAL 350
EDUCATION
NO F/ EDU 40 55 95 27.1
PRIMARY 20 44 64 18.3
SSSCE 45 36 81 23.2
COLLEGE 60 15 75 21.4
UNIVERSITY 35 35 10
TOTAL 350
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS ARE
YOU AWARE OF
GOBAL WARMING 10 15 25 10.0
GHE 10 5 15 6.0
CLIMATE CHANGE 40 28 68 27.2
SUSTAINABLE. DEV - 22 22 8.8
RENWABLE.ENERGY 30 8 38 15.2
NONE OF THE ABOV 10 72 82 32.8
TOTAL 250
GENERALLY WHERE DID YOU HEAR OF
THEM?
SOURCES
TV 20 17 37 10.6
NEWS PAPER 20 12 32 9.2
RADIO 20 130 140 40.0
ENERGY CEN 10 - 10 2.9
INTERNET 30 - 30 8.5
MOUTH 20 - 20 5.7
SCHOOL 80 1 81 23.1
TOTAL 350
HOW CONCERNED ARE YOU THAT THE
EARTH’S CLIMATE AND LONG TERM
WEATHER PATTERNS ARE CHANGING
NOT AT ALL 20 25 45 12.9
NOT VERY 10 33 43 12.3
INDIFFERENT 10 37 47 13.4
FAIRLY 20 16 36 10.3
VERY 120 7 127 36.3
DON‟T KNO. 20 32 52 14.8
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4. Renewable Energy Education for Development
TOTAL 350
DO YOU FEEL THAT YOU NEED MORE
INFORMATION ABOUT RENEWABLE
ENERGY
YES 160 131 291 83.2
NO 40 19 59 16.8
TOTAL 350
IF YES , WHERE IS THE MOST USEFUL
PLACE FOR SUCH INFORMATION TO BE
MADE AVAILABLE
N.PAPERS 10 10 3.5
TV 20 12 32 11.0
RADIO 40 106 146 50.1
A WEBSITE 10 10 3.4
SCHOOL 93 93 32.0
TOTAL 291
DO YOU THINK THAT WE SHOULD
INCREASE THE USE OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY
YES 50 68 118 33.7
NO 10 25 35 10.0
DON‟T KNO 140 57 197 56.3
TOTAL 350
WHO SHOULD TAKE THE MAJOR
RESPONSIBILITY FOR INCREASING OIR
USE OF RENEWBLE ENERGY?
GOVT 100 150 250 71.4
PRIVATE SEC 60 60 17.2
INDIV. 40 40 11.4
TOTAL 350
DO YOU HAVE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING
IN YOUR LOCALITY
S.PANALS/PV 20 20 3.8
WOOD B.STOVE 160 160 30.3
S. SRT LIGH 120 120 22.6
S/BOREHOLE 80 99 179 33.8
NONE - 51 51 9.6
TOTAL 530
IF NOT WILLIN TO INSTALL IN YOUR
HOME, WHY
UNATTRACTVE -
TOO EXPENSIVE 40 30 70 20.2
NOISY - -
WILL NOT BE ADEQUATE 20 20 5.7
ADEQUATE ENERGY SUPPLY - -
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE 140 118 258 74.1
TOTAL 348
DO YOU KNOW ANYONE THAT USES
RENEWABLE ENERGY ?
YES 20 8 28 8.5
NO 160 142 302 91.5
TOTAL 330
I GIVE FIRST PIORITY TO THE QUALITY
OF THE ENVIRONMENT, EVEN IF IT
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5. Renewable Energy Education for Development
COST ME MORE MONEY
AGREE 20 23 43 14.3
INDIREFFENT 20 22 42 14.1
DISAGREE 80 23 103 34.3
DON‟T KNOW 30 82 112 37.3
TOTAL 300
R.E CAN HELP TO IMPROVE LOCAL
ENVIRONMENT
AGREE 20 30 50 14.3
INDIREFFENT 20 27 47 13.4
DISAGREE 60 18 78 22.3
DON‟T KNOW 150 25 175 50.0
TOTAL 350
RENEWABLE ENERGY CAN LEAD TO
NATIONS BUILDING
AGREE `10 27 37 15.0
INDIREFFENT 10 41 51 20.5
DISAGREE 20 8 28 11.3
DON‟T KNOW 60 72 132 53.2
TOTAL 248
IV. DISCUSSONS
From the above analysis and results, it was observed that the level of renewable energy education is very low, both
in rural and urban areas. Tackling environmental pressures while building upon the economic and social opportunities
afforded by our recent growth requires a broad based, cross-sectorial approach. It also requires individuals, organizations,
and sectors to recognize that we must all be willing to assume responsibility for our individual and collective actions on the
awareness of renewable energy technology. Below are the possible means on educating the general public on renewable
energy technologies and its benefits.
4.1 How Could Public Understanding of Renewable Energy be Achieved, and Which means Are Potentially Useful?
There are of course several different channels that can be used in conveying attitudestowards and knowledge of
renewable energy subjects: Newspapers, TV programs, books,interactive exhibits in science centres, lessons in the school.
Different media certainly attractdifferent target groups. philosopher Confucius' proverb as a motto for the museum: I hear
and I forget, I see and Iremember, I do and I understand WilliamGlasser wrote [We learn 10% of what we read, 20% of what
we hear, 30% ofwhat we see, 50% of what we both see and hear, 70% of what is discussed with others, 80%of what we
experience, and 95% of what we teach (The Polling Report. 2004).
4.2 Educating the General Public
Ordinary people are the ultimate utilizers of energy from the sun and accordinglyneed basic knowledge in how to
make use of this new technology and bemotivated to use it. A number of ways to educate large populations are
readilyavailable. Some proven examples:
Mass Media: This includes newspapers, weekly magazines, radio, and TV. Professional journalist can be addressed and
taught, some basic facts and they will frequently make a good job in popularizing what they have learned.
Lectures: Popular lectures sometimes attract good-sizecrowds, especially if arranged as debates or panel discussions, or if a
well-knownspeaker is featured. Lectures can also be video-taped, and can, with appropriatesolar powered equipment, be
shown just about anywhere
Community College Courses:These are excellent in giving interested individualsmore-than-basic knowledge. The aim of
such courses can even be that everyparticipant builds his own solar project
4.3 Role of Renwable Energy
Poverty and Hunger
• Reduce by half the proportion ofpeople who suffer from hunger
• Reducing share of household income spent oncooking, lighting, and space heating.
• Improving ability to cook stable foods.
• Reducing post-harvest losses through betterpreservation.
• Enabling irrigation to increase food production andaccess to nutrition.
• Enabling enterprise development, utilizing locallyavailable resources, and creating jobs.
• Generating light to permit income generationbeyond daylight.
• Powering machinery to increase productivity.
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6. Renewable Energy Education for Development
Universal PrimaryEducation
• Ensure that all boys and girlscomplete a full course of primaryschooling
• Providing light for reading or studying beyonddaylight.
• Creating a more child-friendly environment (accessto clean water, sanitation, lighting, andspaceheating/cooling),
which can improve attendancein school and reducedrop-out rates.
• Providing lighting in schools which can helpretain teachers.
• Enabling access to media and communicationsthat increase educational opportunities.
• Reducing space heating/cooling costs and thusschool fees.
Gender Equalityand Women’sEmpowerment
• Freeing women‟s time from survival activities,allowing opportunities for income generation.
• Reducing exposure to indoor air pollution andimproving health.
• Lighting streets to improve safety.
• Providing lighting for home study and thepossibility of holding evening classes.
Health
• It can reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
• It can reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
• Providing access to better medical facilities for maternal care.
• Allowing for medicine refrigeration, equipment sterilization, and safe disposal by incineration.
• Facilitating development, manufacture, and distribution of drugs.
• Providing access to health education media.
• Reducing exposure to indoor air pollution and improving health.
• Enabling access to the latest medicines/expertise through renewable-energy based telemedicine systems.
Environmental Sustainability
• Integrate the principles of sustainabledevelopment into country policiesandprograms; reverse loss ofenvironmental
resources.
• It can reduce the proportion ofpeople without sustainable accessto safe drinkingwater
• Boosting agricultural productivity, increasingquality instead of quantity of cultivated land.
• Reducing deforestation for traditional fuels,reducing erosion and desertification.
• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Restoring ecosystem integrity through landmanagement.
4.4 Renewable Energy with Respect to Education Sector
Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling (Renewable energy global status report,
2011). For a school without electricity, delivering quality education is a vast challenge. The problem goes well beyond the
lack of bright light for reading. Absence of power also means that schools can‟t use the technology central to modern
education, from computers to photocopiers. “Denied the tools to succeed in their work, the most experienced and skilled
teachers shyaway from schools without electricity, further exacerbating the problem. Without good teachers and good
technology resources, students predictably under-perform, drop out, and ultimately remain unemployed.”(Transition to
renewable energy future: retrieve from international solar energy Society. June, 2011). Energy is necessary to bridge the
technology and education gap, to enable rural areas to become more economically sustainable, and to reverse the trend of
migration from rural to urban areas. Particularly in rural areas where conventional fuels are not affordable to the poor, RETs
can make important contributions to education by providing electricity to schools and creating a more child-friendly
environment that improves attendance. Lighting in schools helps retain teachers, especially if their accommodation has
electricity. Access to educational media (overhead projectors, computers, printers, photocopiers, science equipment) and
communications increases educational opportunities and the opportunity for distance learning.
4.5 Renewable Energy Dissemination at Village Level
A large proportion of the Earth's population is rural, and their quality of life could be improved at the same time as
their impact affection on climate is decreased by introduction of renewable energy utilization at village level: "Low carbon
technology for low-purchasing power people." This includes a multitude of technologies and education of users is therefore
critically important. A good example is that Electricity for light has quickly become affordable by the development of low-
cost white high-intensity low-energy light emitting diodes (LED). Mobile phones are spreading rapidly also among rural
people in developing countries, and these can be effectively charged using small not-so-expensive photovoltaic (PV)
modules used for powering LED lamps. When educating rural people, it should be understood that many people live below
the poverty line and that illiteracy is common. It is not always easy as the following example may illustrate
V. CONCLUSIONS
The public survey conducted for the purpose of thispaper shows the public belief in global climate change.
However, the public is uncertain about what actions are available to address climate change. In fact, the public is uncertain
about what exactly is causing climate change and often links climate change to increased pollution as opposed to increased
concentrations of greenhouse gases.
The important conclusions from the survey are:
• The environment is not a pressing concern for the majority of the public.
• Global warming is not the top environmental concern (even among those who are concerned about the
environment).
• Very few people in Adamawa and Taraba States have heard of renewable energy.
23
7. Renewable Energy Education for Development
• Those who have heard of renewable energy are no more likely to know what environmental concern it
addressesand the role it plays in Nations development.
• A large portion of the public supports the need for more information onRenewableenergy
Climate change, security and pricing of energy supply are issues which have impact upon all people, therefore as
much as possible people are to involve themselves in thisconsultation Processfor Nations development.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1]. Curry T.E (2004). Public Awareness of Carbon Capture and Storage: A Survey of Attitudes toward Climate
Change Mitigation. Master‟s Thesis, Cambridge, MA: MIT. (Electronic version) Retrieved June, 2011 from
http://sequestration.mit.edu/biblio-graphy.html
[2]. Deutch, J. E. ( 2003). The Future of Nuclear Power (electronic version) :Inter- disciplinaryMITStudy.
Cambridge,MA.Retrievedfrom:www.edu/nuclear power. com
[3]. Leiserowitz. A .(2003) American Opinions on Global Warming. University of Oregon Survey Research
Laboratory. (Electronicversion) retrieved April 2011 from: http://osrl.uoregon.edu/projects/globalwarm.
[4]. Nzekwe F.N and Nzekwe C.A (2011) Solar Energy and Nigeria's Electricity Needs.
Nigeria Journal of Solar Energy, Vol.22, pg.172-176.
[5]. Okoye A.C, Dioha I.J, Ezxeonu F.C, Eboatu A.N and Onuegbu T.U (2011) Energy cri-sis and attendant poverty
and environmental problems: The role of renewableenergy. Nigeria Journal of Solar Energy, Vol. 22, 2011
pg.138-143.
[6]. Olatunji T. (2006). Poverty: causes and solutions in the Nigerian Context. In Okoye A.C, Dioha
[7]. I.J, Ezxeonu F.C, Eboatu A.N and Onuegbu T.U (2011) Energy Crisis an Attendant Poverty and Environmental
problems: The Role of Renewable Energy. Nigeria Journal of Solar Energy, Vol. 22, 2011 pg.138-143
[8]. Rai G.D (2007) An Introduction to POWER Plant Technology. In Okoye A.C, Dioha I.J, Ezxeonu F.C, Eboatu
A.N and Onuegbu T.U (2011) Energy Crisis and Attendant Poverty and Environmental Problems: The Role of
Renewable Energy. Nigeria Journal of Solar Energy, Vol. 22, 2011 pg.138-143
[9]. Renewable energy global (2011) status report (electronic version) retrieved 20thDecember, 2011 from
REN21_GSR2011.pdf
[10]. Renewable energy global (2010) status report (electronic version) retrieved 11thJune, 2011 from
REN21_GSR2011.pdf
[11]. Richard A. Stubbs (2003). Solar Power Answers, retrieve 22thNovember, 2011from
www.solar-power-answers.co.uk
[12]. Richard T. Watson(2010)Information SYSTEMS and environmentally Sustainable Development :Energy
Informatics and New Directions for The CommunityMIS Quarterly Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 23-38/March 2010
[13]. NzekweF.N andNzekwe C.A (2011) Solar Energy and Nigeria's Electricity Needs. Nigerian Journal of Solar
Energy, Vol.22, pg.172-176
[14]. Study Guide for Photovoltaic‟s Installer (2009). North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners NABCEP
retrieve May 2011 from HTTP://WWW.NABCEP.ORG/
[15]. The Polling Report Environment (2011). The Polling Report, Inc. retrieved August,(2011) from
http://www.pollingreport.com/enviro.htm
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Society http://whitepaper.ises.org
APPENDICE
SECTION 1 – ABOUT YOU
1. Gender
Male Female Age …………………
2. Please Tick The Box Which Corresponds to the Highest Level of Education You Have Completed.
No formal qualifications
GCE/O Levels or equivalent
A Levels or equivalent
University degree or equivalent
.
Higher degree
24
8. Renewable Energy Education for Development
SECTION 2 – ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
1. Which of the following terms are you aware of? Tick as many as you are aware of.
Global warming
The greenhouse effect
Climate change
Sustainable development
Renewable energy
None of above
If none of above go to Q3
2. Generally where did you hear of them? Tick as many as apply.
TV
Newspapers
Radio
Energy Centres
Internet
Word of mouth
School
3. How concerned are you that the earth’s climate and long-term weather patterns are changing?
Not at all concerned
Not very concerned
Indifferent
Fairly concerned
Very concerned
Don‟t know
SECTION 3 – SOME SPECIFIC QUESTIONS ABOUT RENEWABLE ENERGY
1. Do you feel that you need more information about renewable energy?
Yes No
2. If yes, where is the most useful place for such information to be made available? Please tick one.
Newspapers
TV
Radio
A website
School
25
9. Renewable Energy Education for Development
3. Do you think that we should increase the use of renewable energy?
Yes No Don‟t know
4. Who do you think should take the major responsibility for increasing our use of renewable energy? Please tick
FederalGovernment
Private sector
Individuals
6. Do you have any of the following for your locality? Tick as manyas apply.
Solar panels/PV
A wood burning stove
Solar street lightning
Solar borehole
None of above
7. If you do not plan to install renewable energy technology in your home, which of the following reasons apply? Tick
as many as apply.
They are unattractive
I think that installations would be too expensive
They are noisy
They would not produce enough electricity for my home
My current supply of energy is adequate
I don‟t understand how they work
8. Do you know of anyone personally (i.e. friends, relatives or colleagues) who have used renewable energy?
Yes No
SECTION 4 – ATTITUDES AND OPINIONS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
1. Do you agree with the following statements?
Agree, Indifferent, Disagree, Don't know
I give first priority to the quality of the environment, even if it cost me more money....................
Renewable technologies canhelp to improve the local environment...................................
Renewable energy can lead to Nations development..................................................
26