In the present generation energy plays a vital role in our world and for human life it´s very important factor. There is a methodical meeting taking place regarding the conservation of energy and every time there is a review in the agenda. Energy demand and supply were endeavored by these countries. To rectify these problems, there should be more research in the generation of energy with the greater efficiency and try to use energy in more efficient manner. Solar energy remains as the most prominent source of energy as it is cost effective and environmentally friendly. Reviews convey that solar energy systems will play a major role in the power generations. As per present scenario there is a great importance to the solar energy using photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems exhibit an important role for solar energy production.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
In the present generation energy plays a vital role in our world and for human life it´s very important factor. There is a methodical meeting taking place regarding the conservation of energy and every time there is a review in the agenda. Energy demand and supply were endeavored by these countries. To rectify these problems, there should be more research in the generation of energy with the greater efficiency and try to use energy in more efficient manner. Solar energy remains as the most prominent source of energy as it is cost effective and environmentally friendly. Reviews convey that solar energy systems will play a major role in the power generations. As per present scenario there is a great importance to the solar energy using photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems exhibit an important role for solar energy production.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Mapping the evolution of renewable resources and their relation with EROI and...Paula Díaz
Díaz, P., Miao, B., Masó, J. (2013). Mapping the evolution of renewable resources and their relation with EROI and energy policies. In proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE35), Beijing, April 2013.
This fact sheet highlights some statistics from a report by the University of Tennessee Howard H. Baker Center for Public Policy on federal energy incentives. The report shows that federal support for solar energy is consistent with support for traditional energy sources.
Effect of Environmental Awareness on Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energyinventionjournals
While world population is increasing and consumption is depleting resources rapidly, it has caused environmental disruption, air pollution and climate change. Scientists and environmentalists try to change energy resources as renewable and nature friendly when they produce ideas about climate change and environmental issues. Although production from renewable energy resources are defined as sustainable and nature friendly by comparison with fossil energy resources, change would have costs. Costs will response to consumers naturally even though investors and governments defray. Consumer adaptation process to the renewable energy market which is formed by the changing production resources should be managed efficiently. In this paper, an empirical study has been done on the measure effect of consumers’ attitude towards environment on willingness to pay for electricity that produces by renewable energy resources. Also, effect of financial capability of consumers on willingness to pay is evaluated. Descriptive analysis on responsibility of increasing renewable energy production and fighting against climate change and global warming; perceived environmental and climate change impact of the energy resources; perceived investment and production costs of the different energy resources are aimed to conclude.
Analysis of Households’ Electricity Consumption with Ordered Logit Models: Ex...inventionjournals
Percentage of households’ electricity demand in total energy demand of households is increasing day by day. However, households’ electricity consumption fails to provide the added value to Gross National Product unlike industry sector. Therefore, the factors that increase the energy consumption of households should be analyzed and in this respect, required energy saving policies should be generated. In this paper, the ordered logit models examined the variables affecting the electricity consumption of households in Turkey. According to goodness of fit indicators, Partial Proportional Odds Model was determined as the best model that fits into our dataset. The results obtained from model show that electrically powered items and their quantities, household size, income, housing type and properties are important factors that increase households’ electricity consumption.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE POWER SUPPLY IN THE NIGERIAN POWER IND...IAEME Publication
The challenge of climate change results primarily from the global use of fossil
fuel. Renewable energy as alternative energy source allows the use of natural sources
such as micro-hydro, wind; solar, and biomass that are sustainable to be explored.
The increase in the dependence on renewable energy calls for attention which can be
solved by the use of energy management. Energy management will provide a
consistent and controllable power supply. There is the need for the integration of
energy management into the grid planning and design. In this work, Energy
management using energy storage is thus considered as one design method for the
system to maximize simplicity and increase reliability using HOMER, a conventional
simulation tool.
Chinas Energy Efficiency Dilemma Osowski 2009cosowski
Faced with rising energy costs, energy supply shortages and increasing environmental and health impacts from pollution, the leadership in Beijing appears to have reached a consensus on the need to improve the country’s energy usage. This article explores four key challenges the Chinese central government will contend with as it aims to improve energy efficiency: the competing objective of economic growth, an array of agencies with overlapping responsibilities for energy policy, limited central government control over local governments, and a weak regulatory environment. Without addressing the underlying problems of policy enforcement, the extent to which China will be able to achieve its energy goals remains uncertain.
DATABASES ANALYSIS OF HYDROPOWER RESOURCE POTENTIAL AROUND THE GLOBEEEIJ journal
The renewable generation is one of the fast growing power system .Whereas the world is facing the
challenge of effectively exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources, not only to meet the increasing
energy demand, but also to preserve and to reduce the depletion of fossil fuels and to lessen the amount of
CO2 emissions in our atmosphere .The national energy generation resources of every country plays an
important role in the development. The energy transition is well underway in most European countries. It
has a growing impact on electric power systems as it dramatically modifies the way electricity is produced.
In this paper, our focus is to perform a systematic review of hydropower resource potential around the
Globe. In this study we will address three research queries: 1) what is the existing status of hydropower
resource potential around the globe? 2) What kind of methodologies frameworks and approaches are used
for exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources 3) What are the limitations of exploiting renewable
resource potentials. The purpose of the study is to highlight the current research issues, to provide valid
solutions to these issues and to find out the limitations of existing work in this area of hydropower resource
potential. This will be done by performing quantitative literature analysis of different databases and all the
results will be gathered by analysing the statistical data using “SPSS”. Remedial techniques for handling
the limitation of usability engineering management will be planned in future.
Public engagement in Ontario's energy policy 2009 2016Marco Covi
Major Research Project on the evolution of public engagement in Ontario on energy and environmental policy compared and contrasted against the UK. Lessons that can be learned are discussed as well as limitations to implementation of robust public engagement processes.
Renewable energy, institutional stability, environment and economic growth ne...Power System Operation
The anthropogenic impact of conventional energy sources encourages the utilization of renewable energy, as it
has become a strategic commodity for economic growth. On the other hand, institutional stability is the prerequisite
without which environmental quality cannot be assured and the economy cannot function. However,
in recent literature, very little consideration has been given to this important phenomenon. This study is set to
analyze the energy-institutional stability-economic growth nexus, as well as the energy-institutional stabilityenvironmental
quality nexus, by incorporating the Cobb Douglas production function and the Diet and Rosa
environmental function respectively. The sample consists of the D-8 countries and the time period spans 1990 to
2016. To analyze the developed models, Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least
Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) tests are applied, along with other econometric
techniques. The panel ARDL statistics indicate significant cointegration among all variables of both functions,
while the FMOLS test reveals that consumption of both nonrenewable and renewable energy has a positive
impact on economic growth, as well as on environmental degradation. Further, results indicate that institutional
stability is crucial for establishing a nation on a sound footing and protecting environmental quality. Based on
these results, the study suggests a blend of both types of energy and a gradual transition toward renewable
energy sources, with better implementation of policies and technological advances, to produce, preserve, and
transmit renewable energy production.
IHS Markit Report: Advancing the Landscape of Clean Energy InnovationEnergy for One World
opinion/ report by study group IHS Market and former Sec. Energy Moniz, and commissioned by Breakthrough Energy ( Bill Gates et. al).
Not necessary our EFOW practice views- for more information: please consult with our practice!
Energy innovation es8928 - renewable energy policy handbook -final m coviMarco Covi
A handbook for policy makers in the renewable energy field in Ontario. The handbook places a heavy importance on better consultation and public education on energy matters when it comes to the planning of large-scale energy projects and makes several suggestions on how to improve this. The handbook is timely as it was written in the context of the 2013 LTEP. In addition it serves as an accessible scientific reference guide for decision-makers and the broader public alike.
A Civil Society Organization and Networks Position Paper with Suggested Issue...ENVIRONMENTALALERTEA1
This position paper is an output from several CSOs engagements coordinated by Environmental
Alert with financial support from Norad within the framework of ‘Increasing access to
sustainable and renewable energy alternatives in the AlbertineGraben’ that is implemented
by WWF-Uganda Country Office
DIal Before You Dig (DBYD) notifies your organisation when work is being performed around your assets, but how do you respond?
You will find out how:
- Business rules can be configured into the package
- Tailoring of Plan responses
- Catagorisation of assests to Low or High risk assets
- Integration with live GIS
We will be online to give you a clear understanding as to how automating Plan Response will benefit your organisation.
Mapping the evolution of renewable resources and their relation with EROI and...Paula Díaz
Díaz, P., Miao, B., Masó, J. (2013). Mapping the evolution of renewable resources and their relation with EROI and energy policies. In proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE35), Beijing, April 2013.
This fact sheet highlights some statistics from a report by the University of Tennessee Howard H. Baker Center for Public Policy on federal energy incentives. The report shows that federal support for solar energy is consistent with support for traditional energy sources.
Effect of Environmental Awareness on Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energyinventionjournals
While world population is increasing and consumption is depleting resources rapidly, it has caused environmental disruption, air pollution and climate change. Scientists and environmentalists try to change energy resources as renewable and nature friendly when they produce ideas about climate change and environmental issues. Although production from renewable energy resources are defined as sustainable and nature friendly by comparison with fossil energy resources, change would have costs. Costs will response to consumers naturally even though investors and governments defray. Consumer adaptation process to the renewable energy market which is formed by the changing production resources should be managed efficiently. In this paper, an empirical study has been done on the measure effect of consumers’ attitude towards environment on willingness to pay for electricity that produces by renewable energy resources. Also, effect of financial capability of consumers on willingness to pay is evaluated. Descriptive analysis on responsibility of increasing renewable energy production and fighting against climate change and global warming; perceived environmental and climate change impact of the energy resources; perceived investment and production costs of the different energy resources are aimed to conclude.
Analysis of Households’ Electricity Consumption with Ordered Logit Models: Ex...inventionjournals
Percentage of households’ electricity demand in total energy demand of households is increasing day by day. However, households’ electricity consumption fails to provide the added value to Gross National Product unlike industry sector. Therefore, the factors that increase the energy consumption of households should be analyzed and in this respect, required energy saving policies should be generated. In this paper, the ordered logit models examined the variables affecting the electricity consumption of households in Turkey. According to goodness of fit indicators, Partial Proportional Odds Model was determined as the best model that fits into our dataset. The results obtained from model show that electrically powered items and their quantities, household size, income, housing type and properties are important factors that increase households’ electricity consumption.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE POWER SUPPLY IN THE NIGERIAN POWER IND...IAEME Publication
The challenge of climate change results primarily from the global use of fossil
fuel. Renewable energy as alternative energy source allows the use of natural sources
such as micro-hydro, wind; solar, and biomass that are sustainable to be explored.
The increase in the dependence on renewable energy calls for attention which can be
solved by the use of energy management. Energy management will provide a
consistent and controllable power supply. There is the need for the integration of
energy management into the grid planning and design. In this work, Energy
management using energy storage is thus considered as one design method for the
system to maximize simplicity and increase reliability using HOMER, a conventional
simulation tool.
Chinas Energy Efficiency Dilemma Osowski 2009cosowski
Faced with rising energy costs, energy supply shortages and increasing environmental and health impacts from pollution, the leadership in Beijing appears to have reached a consensus on the need to improve the country’s energy usage. This article explores four key challenges the Chinese central government will contend with as it aims to improve energy efficiency: the competing objective of economic growth, an array of agencies with overlapping responsibilities for energy policy, limited central government control over local governments, and a weak regulatory environment. Without addressing the underlying problems of policy enforcement, the extent to which China will be able to achieve its energy goals remains uncertain.
DATABASES ANALYSIS OF HYDROPOWER RESOURCE POTENTIAL AROUND THE GLOBEEEIJ journal
The renewable generation is one of the fast growing power system .Whereas the world is facing the
challenge of effectively exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources, not only to meet the increasing
energy demand, but also to preserve and to reduce the depletion of fossil fuels and to lessen the amount of
CO2 emissions in our atmosphere .The national energy generation resources of every country plays an
important role in the development. The energy transition is well underway in most European countries. It
has a growing impact on electric power systems as it dramatically modifies the way electricity is produced.
In this paper, our focus is to perform a systematic review of hydropower resource potential around the
Globe. In this study we will address three research queries: 1) what is the existing status of hydropower
resource potential around the globe? 2) What kind of methodologies frameworks and approaches are used
for exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources 3) What are the limitations of exploiting renewable
resource potentials. The purpose of the study is to highlight the current research issues, to provide valid
solutions to these issues and to find out the limitations of existing work in this area of hydropower resource
potential. This will be done by performing quantitative literature analysis of different databases and all the
results will be gathered by analysing the statistical data using “SPSS”. Remedial techniques for handling
the limitation of usability engineering management will be planned in future.
Public engagement in Ontario's energy policy 2009 2016Marco Covi
Major Research Project on the evolution of public engagement in Ontario on energy and environmental policy compared and contrasted against the UK. Lessons that can be learned are discussed as well as limitations to implementation of robust public engagement processes.
Renewable energy, institutional stability, environment and economic growth ne...Power System Operation
The anthropogenic impact of conventional energy sources encourages the utilization of renewable energy, as it
has become a strategic commodity for economic growth. On the other hand, institutional stability is the prerequisite
without which environmental quality cannot be assured and the economy cannot function. However,
in recent literature, very little consideration has been given to this important phenomenon. This study is set to
analyze the energy-institutional stability-economic growth nexus, as well as the energy-institutional stabilityenvironmental
quality nexus, by incorporating the Cobb Douglas production function and the Diet and Rosa
environmental function respectively. The sample consists of the D-8 countries and the time period spans 1990 to
2016. To analyze the developed models, Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least
Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) tests are applied, along with other econometric
techniques. The panel ARDL statistics indicate significant cointegration among all variables of both functions,
while the FMOLS test reveals that consumption of both nonrenewable and renewable energy has a positive
impact on economic growth, as well as on environmental degradation. Further, results indicate that institutional
stability is crucial for establishing a nation on a sound footing and protecting environmental quality. Based on
these results, the study suggests a blend of both types of energy and a gradual transition toward renewable
energy sources, with better implementation of policies and technological advances, to produce, preserve, and
transmit renewable energy production.
IHS Markit Report: Advancing the Landscape of Clean Energy InnovationEnergy for One World
opinion/ report by study group IHS Market and former Sec. Energy Moniz, and commissioned by Breakthrough Energy ( Bill Gates et. al).
Not necessary our EFOW practice views- for more information: please consult with our practice!
Energy innovation es8928 - renewable energy policy handbook -final m coviMarco Covi
A handbook for policy makers in the renewable energy field in Ontario. The handbook places a heavy importance on better consultation and public education on energy matters when it comes to the planning of large-scale energy projects and makes several suggestions on how to improve this. The handbook is timely as it was written in the context of the 2013 LTEP. In addition it serves as an accessible scientific reference guide for decision-makers and the broader public alike.
A Civil Society Organization and Networks Position Paper with Suggested Issue...ENVIRONMENTALALERTEA1
This position paper is an output from several CSOs engagements coordinated by Environmental
Alert with financial support from Norad within the framework of ‘Increasing access to
sustainable and renewable energy alternatives in the AlbertineGraben’ that is implemented
by WWF-Uganda Country Office
DIal Before You Dig (DBYD) notifies your organisation when work is being performed around your assets, but how do you respond?
You will find out how:
- Business rules can be configured into the package
- Tailoring of Plan responses
- Catagorisation of assests to Low or High risk assets
- Integration with live GIS
We will be online to give you a clear understanding as to how automating Plan Response will benefit your organisation.
A Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Policies and its Impact on Economi...ssuser793b4e
Renewable energy has been identified as a critical component of
global efforts to address climate change, enhance energy security, and foster
sustainable economic growth. As a result, many countries have implemented
renewable energy policies to promote the development and deployment of
renewable energy technologies. However, the impact of these policies on
economic growth remains a subject of debate. This article provides a
comparative analysis of renewable energy policies and their impact on
economic growth. The study employs a systematic review of the literature and
utilizes qualitative and quantitative methods to compare renewable energy
policies and their economic impacts across different countries. The findings
suggest that the impact of renewable energy policies on economic growth
varies across countries and is influenced by factors such as policy design,
institutional context, and economic structure. This research article finally,
examined the challenges associated with implementing renewable energy
policies, analyzed the implications of the findings for policymakers and
further gave some potential solutions that will help the policymakers and
future researchers
WWF report “La Generazione Cinese del Futuro - China’s Future GenerationWWF ITALIA
Il futuro della Cina può essere rinnovabile
Il report “La Generazione Cinese del Futuro – China’s Future Generation” è stato redatto dall’Energy Transition Research Institute (Entri) per il WWF e utilizza solidi modelli computerizzati che hanno simulato quattro diversi scenari basati sulla tecnologia attuale: scenario base, scenario ad alta efficienza, scenario ad alto tasso di rinnovabili, scenario misto a basso contenuto di carbonio. http://bit.ly/futurocina
Running Head MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 1MAJO.docxwlynn1
Running Head: MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 1
MAJOR CONCERNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA 10
Major Concerns of Climate Change in China
Student’s Name:
Course Title:
Course Number:
Professor’s Name:
Date:
Major Concerns of Climate Change in China
Introduction
China is one of the critical countries in the world, which are considered to significantly contribute to the issue of climate change. Research indicates that China produces over 6.000 megatons of carbon dioxide every year. The increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is associated with increase in global warming, which perpetrates the climate change. To this end, China is regarded as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases across the globe based on absolute terms, contributing to about 22 percent of the total amount of emissions (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). At the moment, the emissions of the greenhouse gases by China have exceeded the global per capita average, following the growth in the emissions by over 200 percent from 1990 to 2008. The concern of increased greenhouse gases emissions in China is largely associated with the countries appetite for economic growth. The historical growth of the Chinese economy has been tremendously effected through the use of fossil fuels as a major source of energy in industries. Despite the increased desire from the global community to mitigate the impacts of climate change, there is fear that the emission of greenhouse gases in the country may rise by between 55 and 75 by 2025 (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). Therefore, it is important to discuss the different concerns presented by China regarding the issue of climate change that is tremendously perpetrated by increase in emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
Overview of the Issue of Climate Change in China
The Chinese government has established policies that are aimed at adopting effective governance of climate change, improved domestic capacity of effectively governing the energy use and emissions, as well as supporting the commitments that positively impact decline in future international emissions. China acknowledges the need to lower the emission of greenhouse gases as well as mitigating the impacts of climate change, which is a critical solution towards obtaining a healthier international environment (Lipin, 2016). As a matter of fact, numerous multinational negotiations have been advanced so as to develop a global climate regime that governs the efforts of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Being among the world’s largest polluters, China has received increase attention from the global community. The country, which has the highest population of over 1.3 billion, has been steadfastly reluctant to comply to the suggestions by international organizations such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (Held, Nag & Roger, 2011). These organizations have been engaged in pushing for .
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Impact of CNG Load Shedding on Daily Routine: A Study of PakistanMuhammad Arslan
People of Pakistan are facing a number of problems due to CNG load shedding. This study investigated the consequences of energy on routines of people and also on social and economic performance of people. Primary data has been collected by conducting video recorded interviews and comment based interviews from twin cities i.e. Islamabad and Rawalpindi of Pakistan. The sample of study includes students, housewives, businessmen and professional workers who are affecting by this CNG shortage. This study focuses on relationship between CNG shortage and its effect on daily routine life and performance of people. It also focuses on psychological issues as well as the economic issues that are caused due to this shortage. This study utilizes in depth semi structured interviews to conduct the qualitative study. N-Vivo 10 is used as tool of data analysis. The CNG shortage in Pakistan caused many critical issues like unemployment, decrease in export contracts and commodities prices are increasing due to this shortage. Less working hours, lack of social and family gathering, increase in work load, depression and anxiety are results caused by CNG shortage. It is concluded that CNG shortage has bad impact on people’s lives and on their overall performance.
DATABASES ANALYSIS OF HYDROPOWER RESOURCE POTENTIAL AROUND THE GLOBEijscai
The renewable generation is one of the fast growing power system .Whereas the world is facing the
challenge of effectively exploiting and utilizing renewable energy resources, not only to meet the increasing
energy demand, but also to preserve and to reduce the depletion of fossil fuels and to lessen the amount of
CO2 emissions in our atmosphere .The national energy generation resources of every country plays an
important role in the development. The energy transition is well underway in most European countries. It
has a growing impact on electric power systems as it dramatically modifies the way electricity is produced.
In this paper, our focus is to perform a systematic review of hydropower resource potential around the
Globe. In this study we will address three research queries: 1) what is th
Running Head: ANNOTATED OUTLINE 1
ANNOTATED OUTLINE 2
Annotated Outline
Rosendo Ramos
Tech 340 Introduction to Energy Utilization
Annotated outline
China energy situation
Introduction
China is the world's biggest user of energy and consequently, it leads to the emission of greenhouse gases. The change in the economy of China has played a significant role in this energy situation. The increase in industrial activities in China has led to a rise in the use of energy (Elyakova et al, 2017).
State of the country
Due to the high consumption of energy, China is now importing oil, natural gases as well as coal. There are energy policies that guide how the country goes about managing the situation of increased consumption of energy. Other sources apart from natural gases and oil are being considered to increase energy production (Li and Obara, 2019).
Energy demand
Due to economic growth, the energy demand in China continues to rise every day; this demand is expected to continue rising. There is an increased demand in energy and the demand for natural gases is greater than that of other energy sources (Li and Obara, 2019).
Energy supply
China's resources cannot be able to satisfy the energy demand in the country. The country has therefore resulted in importing energy sources like oil, and natural gases. The coal reserves can, however, serve the country for a few more years (Li and Obara, 2019).
Energy infrastructure
The Chinese government has unified a grid system nationally to improve the efficiency of energy production in the country as well as to counter the risk of energy shortage in the country. It enables the country to produce enough energy from the west of China, which is the richest in energy sources, to be used in other parts of China (Kendall, 2018).
Perceptions
There is a perception that the energy demand in China is growing at a very high rate, a rate which the country cannot manage. In the next two decades, it is perceived that the demand will have increased at an alarming rate (Kendall, 2018).
Potential deficits
China has a notably low source of renewable energy. The global prices for natural gases and oil have risen. This is bad news for china with its increased demand for energy (Elyakova et al, 2017).
Environmental concerns
The increase in industrial activities in China that has led to an increase in energy consumption has consequently led to the increased emission of greenhouse gases. This is not only an environmental concern to china but the world as a whole (Kendall, 2018).
Social concerns
There are concerns about the energy security of the people of China. With the increased demand in energy and the low supply, there are concerns about whether the citizens can have long-term access to energy (Li and Obara, 2019).
Comparative analysis
I ...
Running Head: ANNOTATED OUTLINE 1
ANNOTATED OUTLINE 2
Annotated Outline
Rosendo Ramos
Tech 340 Introduction to Energy Utilization
Annotated outline
China energy situation
Introduction
China is the world's biggest user of energy and consequently, it leads to the emission of greenhouse gases. The change in the economy of China has played a significant role in this energy situation. The increase in industrial activities in China has led to a rise in the use of energy (Elyakova et al, 2017).
State of the country
Due to the high consumption of energy, China is now importing oil, natural gases as well as coal. There are energy policies that guide how the country goes about managing the situation of increased consumption of energy. Other sources apart from natural gases and oil are being considered to increase energy production (Li and Obara, 2019).
Energy demand
Due to economic growth, the energy demand in China continues to rise every day; this demand is expected to continue rising. There is an increased demand in energy and the demand for natural gases is greater than that of other energy sources (Li and Obara, 2019).
Energy supply
China's resources cannot be able to satisfy the energy demand in the country. The country has therefore resulted in importing energy sources like oil, and natural gases. The coal reserves can, however, serve the country for a few more years (Li and Obara, 2019).
Energy infrastructure
The Chinese government has unified a grid system nationally to improve the efficiency of energy production in the country as well as to counter the risk of energy shortage in the country. It enables the country to produce enough energy from the west of China, which is the richest in energy sources, to be used in other parts of China (Kendall, 2018).
Perceptions
There is a perception that the energy demand in China is growing at a very high rate, a rate which the country cannot manage. In the next two decades, it is perceived that the demand will have increased at an alarming rate (Kendall, 2018).
Potential deficits
China has a notably low source of renewable energy. The global prices for natural gases and oil have risen. This is bad news for china with its increased demand for energy (Elyakova et al, 2017).
Environmental concerns
The increase in industrial activities in China that has led to an increase in energy consumption has consequently led to the increased emission of greenhouse gases. This is not only an environmental concern to china but the world as a whole (Kendall, 2018).
Social concerns
There are concerns about the energy security of the people of China. With the increased demand in energy and the low supply, there are concerns about whether the citizens can have long-term access to energy (Li and Obara, 2019).
Comparative analysis
I.
the best homework you can find. to extract the most useful information in the data analysis panel where this file can help you in understanding the data and the different between all of the papers in the market
Sustainable Energy for a Growing China: How advanced science can help secure ...DuPont
Visit http://www.DuPont.com/FutureChina to learn more about how DuPont collaborates with partners in China to solve challenges related to renewable energy solutions.
China accounts for 20.7% of global energy demand, and Chinese energy consumption is growing four times faster than that of the rest of the world. China’s energy consumption is driven mainly by its vast population and by its rapidly growing economy.
China recognizes that sustainable development is not possible without clean and renewable energy. Scientific and technical innovation will be key to helping China meet its soaring energy demand, while protecting its environment.
DuPont, along with a global network of public and private stakeholders is applying advanced science to create innovative renewable energy solutions with the goal of reshaping China’s overall energy economy.
This white paper was created by Fortune Industry Perspectives and DuPont. It is the second in a series showcasing sustainable development thought leadership, which will help inform the discussions at the 2013 Fortune Global Forum, June 6–8, 2013, in Chengdu, China.
Similar to Analysis of government responses for the photovoltaic industry in china (20)
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
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Analysis of government responses for the photovoltaic industry in china
1. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.13, 2013
10
Analysis of Government Responses for the Photovoltaic Industry
in China
D.M.K.N. Seneviratna1*
Wei Long2
1. School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
1. Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
2. School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
* E-mail of the corresponding author: kseneviratna@gmail.com
Abstract
With the high population, a variety of problems has been emerged like energy scarceness, climate changes, and
environmental protection. As a result, currently most of the countries have been turned to find the new energy
power to satisfy environmental health, fulfill the energy demand and to reach the sustainable development in the
world. At present, China has faced many problems regarding Environmental protection, Climate changes,
Employment, Energy sources, and Rural Electrification. The roots of some of the problems here are due to the
energy consumption, high population and their distribution throughout the country. As a result, the Chinese
government has turned to photovoltaic (PV) industry to fulfill the risen requirements. This study mainly
investigated the Chinese government contribution for the improvement of the PV industry in the last several
decades. The previous records suggested that, the government has initiated the demonstration uses of PV
applications in the 6th (1981-1985) and 7th (1986-1990) Five-Year Plans. In addition to that, they have involved
to improve the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry by launching a variety of programs, national development plans,
subsidies, policies and government laws. Moreover PV industry data reveal that there is a particular development
in the PV industry in China through the positive government responses.
Keywords: Government Responses, Photovoltaic Industry, Renewable Energy
1. Introduction
Solar energy is the widely available, clean energy source in the world. There are mainly two ways of utilizing
solar energy as solar heating (Solar Thermal Technology) and solar power generation (Photovoltaic Technology).
The solar power generation or Photovoltaic (PV) is a method of converting the solar energy into electricity
through the photovoltaic effect by using semiconductors. With the high population, a variety of problems has
been emerged like energy scarceness, climate changes, and environmental protection. Due this reason most of
the countries have been turned to find the new energy power to satisfy environmental health, to fulfill the energy
demand and to reach the sustainable development in the world. As a natural, an abundance and a renewable
energy source, many countries have been chosen solar energy as one of the options. Not only that, but also an
environmentally friendly resource PV technology has been become very important industry in the world. The
outstanding development can be seen in Germany, United States, Japan and China today.
Approximately 1.4 billion people live in China has been ranked as the largest populated country in the world.
With this high population, China governors have to prepare for fulfilling mankind’s necessities and their
development. As well as simultaneously they have to care of local and global necessities. Among these
requirements, China has been faced with many problems regarding Environmental protection, Climate changes,
Employment, Energy sources, and Rural Electrification. The roots of some of the problems here are due to the
combination of energy consumption, high population and their distribution throughout the country. When
considering the energy, China plays a main energy consumer as well as an energy producer in the world. To
fulfill the mankind’s necessities, China is using several energy sources such as Coal, Oil, Natural gases, Hydro
and Nuclear power. Among these coal and oil are the highly used energy sources in China. Mass usage of coal is
affected by the environment due to emissions of CO2, SO2, and NO which cause to the global warming (Li et al.
2007).
Comparing with the world, China’s energy consumption is about 10% of the world’s total, but SO2 emissions
were accounted about 15.1% of the total. It implies that China has been supported to the environmental pollution
by exceeding the energy usage in the world. Environmental pollution greatly affects to the social and economic
development, as well as the human health. Another main problem due to coal usage is climate changes which
have been happening because of emission of CO2, the main gas responsible for global climate change (Li et al.
2007). Due to these reasons, the environmental protection has been become a serious problem in China.
Unemployment has been arisen as a prominent problem together with high population. Among the several
solutions to overcome unemployment, the Government can be implemented some of the programs to reduce it by
establishing market oriented mechanisms and through the economic development. According to the distribution
2. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.13, 2013
11
of population in China, huge number of people are living in rural areas. Therefore the rural residents have been
faced from unemployment as well as rural electrification problem.
Since the energy consumption has been caused in many directions such as the energy balance problem, climate
changes through global warming and appearing environmental pollution, Chinese government has been turned to
another direction to reduce these problems by seeking a new natural energy source through research basis.
Therefore they started to use solar power as a natural energy source to fulfill the rising requirements through the
PV technology. In this process several supporting actions has turned in many directions through government
policies and subsidy programs, national development plans, and government laws. Among these rural
electrification programs, renewable energy development projects, PV incentive policies, and R & D (Research
and Development) support regarding the PV technology have been highly contributed for the improvement of the
PV technology in China as well as the reduction of many problems due to the energy consumption and high
population.
Government has been involved to launch some programs to support to the PV industry in the period of the 6th
(1981-1985) and 7th (1986-1990) Five-Year Plans as a starting point. With the rapid improvement, government
has been taken actions to support demonstration uses of PV applications and it was promoted as specialized
industries in China. Through the positive government responses such as by making a variety of programs and
establishing several policies, PV industry has been become one of the main industries in China and significantly
plays major role in the international market. Therefore in this study our objective is to analyze the government
responses for the PV industry in China.
The next sections of this study are structured as follows. Section 2 outlines the information about PV Industry
and the responses taken by the Chinese government through the literature review. Section 3 explains the China
government responses for the improvement of the PV industry. Section 4 explains the progress of the PV
industry in China. Section 5 gives the conclusion of this study.
2. Literature Review
Photovoltaic technology plays a key role in the new energy technology throughout the world. As an abundance,
renewable and efficient energy source, most of the countries have been involved in the PV technology to
accomplish countries’ necessities. As well as PV technology has been used to compete with the local and world
market. Therefore many people have concerned to search and analyze about the PV technology in a variety of
aspects of the past. Among these studies, Li et al. (2007) studied about the solar photovoltaic in China. Here they
were concentrated in several areas like solar basics and their benefits, global PV development profile and trends,
China PV market and production, analysis of the PV power generation cost etc. finally they have reached to
discuss the policy and roadmap for solar development in China. Under this section policy framework was
discussed through development plans and renewable energy law. Also Government subsidies and R and D
supports were pointed out. Finally they have demonstrated a roadmap for PV development in China by using
some predictions with numerical data. Sichao (2010) addressed the Chinese photovoltaic market and industry
outlook. In his study, he outlined China’s PV projects, focusing on the PV market and PV promotion measures.
He mentioned some of the PV applications and after that pointed out the government responses through PV
promotion policy and new developments. Under this topic he outlined the renewable energy law, feed- in tariff
system and their developments. At last he discussed some of the future challenges about PV renewable and other
energy sources.
Yixin et al. (1999) studied about the technological innovation of the Chinese photovoltaic industry. Under this
study he investigated current status and problems of the development and technological innovation of the
Chinese PV industry. He achieved this state through literature review, questionnaire survey, and expert interview.
After that he proposed some recommendations on the strategy and policy for fostering the development and the
technological innovation of the Chinese PV industry.
SEMI PV group, SEMI China PV Advisory Committee, and China PV (2011) involved to study about China’s
solar future as a collaborative work. They gave an overview about the China PV industry and discussed about the
development of China PV market through government incentive programs. Then they explained some policy
recommendations according to the solar PV roadmap. Campillo et al. (2008) analyzed the global solar PV
industry by focusing on the Chinese market. Among this study in one direction, they discussed two policies
including subsidies and PV policy and Chinese energy policy.
Grau et al. (2011) has done a survey of the PV industry and policy in Germany and China. They provided an
overview about the PV industry and described policies such as deployment support, investment support for
manufacturing plans and R & D support measures in China and Germany. A Kearny alliance project (2012) has
given a support to study about China’s solar industry and the U.S. anti-dumping/ anti subsidy trade case through
a program called China Global Trade.com. One of the key underlying problems appeared in this program was
“why has china’s solar industry grown so big and so fast?” Therefore this program was aimed at national and
3. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
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local subsidy programs in China and the United States, as well as the role of government support in fueling
industry development. Apart from that another considered point was the role of foreign direct investment in
China in the development of the solar industry.
3. Government Responses for the PV Industry in China
Social and economic developments are the basic phenomena for the improvement of a country. Government is
an outstanding party to make fundamental and huge actions to support for the development of any country.
Chinese government has been initiated to achieve the country’s development through Five-Year Plans. The PV
market has been the one of the topics included in these plans to fulfill country’s needs. According to the
literature, the government has initiated to support the PV market through the time period of 6th (1981-1985) and
7th (1986-1990) Five-Year Plans by starting demonstration uses of PV applications. In these periods PV industry
was promoted as special industries in China such as solar power microwave relay stations, military
communication systems, and small-scale solar household systems etc. (Li et al. 2007).
The time line of the PV industry, the Chinese government responses can be seen through government programs,
national development plans, subsidies, policies and government laws. The followings are the information about
some of the programs and actions taken by the government to support for the improvement of the PV industry.
3.1 Rural Electrification Initiatives based on Renewable Energies
Rural electrification has been appearing as a main problem due to the low population density, low consumption
and the difficulty of terrain. As well as the grid extension was not effective in these areas, the government has
made arrangements to supply the electricity through solar power due to easy installation in remote areas. For this
approach government has been launched three major programs in Western China such as the Brightness Program,
the Township Program, and the China Renewable Energy Development Project (CREDP).
3.1.1 Brightness Program (1996)
The Brightness program was introduced in a world solar peak conference held in Zimbabwe, 1996 as an
international effort to bring electricity to rural areas. China has started to implement Brightness project in 1998
with the support of the State Development Planning Commission. The main objective and target of this project
was to supply electricity for 23 million people in rural areas by using renewable technology including
photovoltaic with an average capacity of 100 W/person. The program was spread across several provinces
including Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang, with the investment of US$50 million for the
period 2001-2005 ( Long 2007 ; Campillo 2008).
3.1.2 Township Program
The Township program has been launched in 2001 to provide the power requirements of public utilities and
residents of un-electrified townships in remote areas initiated by National Development and Reform Commission.
One of the main goals of this program was to electrify about 1066 un-electrified townships in western provinces
including Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan, and Tibet. Other goals
were contributing to poverty alleviation and use renewable energy to supply electricity to townships that was
unable to use grid extension due to economical problems. The total investment was about US$340 provided by
the government (Long 2007).
3.1.3 China Renewable Energy Development Project
This program has been initiated by three institutions including the National Development and Reform
Commission, World Bank and Global Environment Facility in 2001. There were several aims to start this
program such as to reduce the cost of solar PV systems, to improve the quality of the PV product, to develop the
rural PV market, and to improve after-sale services for PV systems in remote rural areas. US$27 million has
invested through this program to improve the PV industry across the provinces including Inner Mongolia, Gansu,
Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, Sichuan, Ningxia, Shan’xi, and Yunnan (Long 2007).
3.2 China Renewable Energy Scale-up Program (CRESP)
This program has been launched by the Chinese government with the collaboration of the World Bank (WB) and
the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in 2005. The program consisted of two phases and the objective of the
first phase was to demonstrate the feasibility of scale-up renewable technologies and their economic and
environmental advantages. For this the government promotes the implementation of a renewable energy policy
development and investment programs. The first phase of CRESP was highly contributed to the renewable
energy sector through the Renewable Energy Law which was emerging in this program. It was the major
contributor to develop the PV industry in China.
The phase II of CRESP has emerged through the 12th Five-Year Plan to reach sustainable scale-up of
commercial renewable energy development through cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and smooth
integration. It was consisted of four components including policy and implementation support, development
strategy and technology improvement, capacity building and renewable energy investment (Li et al. 2007).
4. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.13, 2013
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3.3 Government PV Incentive Policies
Plans of action adopted by the Chinese government to get positive motivational influence for the PV industry.
Therefore several PV market policies have issued by China’s central government to boost domestic PV
deployment in 2009. The Golden Sun Program was one of the policies issued by the government as a subsidy
program to support the installation of solar PV applications. This program was initiated by the Ministry of
Finance (MOF), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the National Energy Administration
(NEA) for the period of 2009-2011. The main objectives of this program were to support demonstration of key
technologies in the PV industry and to install more than 500MW PV modules. It was provided installation
subsidies about $1.5 billion for large-scale systems.
Apart from this the Solar Roofs program by the Ministry of Finance (MOF), Large-scale on-grid PV projects
with feed-in-tariff by the National Energy Administration (NEA) and the Regional deployment support policies
can be considered as examples of government PV incentive policies for the improvement of the PV industry.
Under the regional investment support policies, the government has issued various refund policies such as refund
of loan interest, electricity consumption fees, land transfer fee, corporate income tax, and loan guarantees to
promote new plant investment in the PV industry (Grau 2011).
3.4 R & D Support in China
The other way of supporting to the PV industry is Research and Development (R & D) schemes, which are very
important to develop the PV technology. Government has been started many programs to support the
development of solar PV technology. Those are including Basic R & D support scheme, High-Tech R & D
support scheme, Key R & D support scheme, and commercialization support scheme. Basic R & D support
scheme, China government was initiated to contribute to the technical and theoretical development of the
important parts namely thin-film and dye sensitized solar cells (Ministry of Science and Technology of the
People’s Republic of China).
High-tech R & D support program is also known as “863 program” which was proposed by the four Chinese
Scientists to accelerate China’s high-tech development to meet the global challenges of new technology. After
implementing through three successive Five-Year plans, progress could be seen in several areas including
China’s overall high-tech development, R & D capacity, socioeconomic development and national security.
Therefore the government has taken action to continue the implementation of the program in 10th Five-Year
plan. Boosting innovation capacity in the high-tech sectors and strategic high-tech fields was an objective of this
program (Li et al. 2007 ; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China).
4. Progress of the PV Industry in China
To analyze the government responses for the PV industry, most of the government programs and policies have
been considered as the initial step in China. Many PV industry reports and related documents in China have used
secondary data to analyze the government contribution quantitatively. Basically several areas have been used in
this study to describe the China government influences on the PV industry. They are annual PV installations, PV
market share, PV industry employment, and PV sales revenue.
PV annual and cumulative installation from 2005 to 2007 and PV market share of Five sections are shown in Fig.
1. In the initial state, annual PV installation is quite slow and slowly increment can be seen on the forecasted
results. Whn consider the PV market share of five sections including rural electrification, communication and
industry, solar PV products, grid PV systems, and large scale (LS) PV power station in years between 2005 and
2010, it depicts a common increment of each market share and significant increments in the share of Grid PV
system and LS PV power system from 2005 to 2007.
Fig.2. shows the development of the PV industry employment sector in China from 2005. It shows a strong
positive increment in cumulative employment. Based on our predicted results, there is a huge increment of
employment in the PV industry with the time. The development of China PV sales revenue also can be seen in
the Fig. 2. It also shows the positive increment of both annual sales and cumulative sales from 2005 (Source:
Wang 2006 ; Xu 2011).
5. Conclusion
There are various kinds of factors such as activities and responses of the government, available resources in the
country, the interest of the general public of the country and their attitudes, and reciprocal relation among the
countries are directly affected for the development of the industry. Within all these factors, government
responses play the significant role in the development of any industry. Therefore even in the PV industry,
government responses can be considered as the root for the development process. It can be explained by
analyzing government responses in the PV industry in China. Their responses can be seen through national
development plans, subsidies, policies and energy law. They have launched many programs to supply
electrification to the public through the brightness program, township program and renewable energy
5. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.13, 2013
14
development program based on PV technology. Moreover, PV incentive policies and renewable energy law were
established in China. On the other hand Chinese government has taken many actions to support PV technology
through research and development. The evidence for some of areas can be shown by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 .
According to our study and based on numerical data, we can suggest that the government has highly contributed
to the improvement of the PV industry. Moreover distinctive development in the PV industry in China has been
taken in the past decades, through the positive government responses.
References
Campillo, J., Foster, S. (2008). Global Solar Photovoltaic Industry Analysis with Focus on the Chinese Market.
The Department of Public Technology, Mälardålen University.
China’s Solar Future, A Recommended China PV Policy Roadmap 2.0. (2011). Prepared by SEMI PV Group,
SEMI China PV Advisory Committee, and China PV Industry Alliance.
China’s Solar Industry and the U.S. Anti-Dumping / Anti-Subsidy Trade Case. (2012). A Kearny Alliance
Project, China Global Trade.com.
Grau, T., Huo, M., Neuhoff, K. (2011). Survey of Photovoltaic Industry and Policy in Germany and China.
[Online] Available: http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/handle/10419/55291 (June, 2011).
Li, J., Wang, S., Zhang, M. & Ma, L. (2007). China Solar PV Report. 2007. China Environmental Science Press.
Long, S. T. (2007) Approaches to Using Renewable Energy in Rural Areas of China. Proceedings of ISES World
Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V) 2009, pp 2925-2929. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_590,
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-540-75997-3_590.pdf.
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China. S & T Programmes. [Online]. Available:
http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/programmes1.
Sichao, K. (2010). Chinese Photovoltaic Market and Industry Outlook (Part 1). The Institute of Energy
Economics.
Wang, S. (2006). Current Statues of PV in China. Great Wall Renewable Energy Forum. Oct. 23-27.
Xu, H. (2011). Status and Trends of PV Industry and Technology in China. Institute of Electrical Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences. [Online] Available:
http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/solar/newsletter/pdfs/01_statusandtrendsofpvinchina_xuhonghua_s.pdf.
Yixin, D., Zulin, S., Xiaolin, X. (1999). Technical Innovation of the Chinese Photovoltaic Industry. Prepared for
the Center for the Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Carnegie Mellon University.
Figure 1. PV Annual and Cumulative Installation (MW) and PV Market Share
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Figure 2. China PV Industry Employment and PV Industry Sales Revenue (Billion)
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