The document discusses the rise of elastic SQL databases which provide the benefits of both traditional databases like ACID compliance and SQL capabilities as well as the elasticity of cloud databases. Elastic SQL databases allow scaling simply by adding or removing nodes, provide high availability and zero downtime, and can integrate with modern DevOps practices. NuoDB is highlighted as an example of an elastic SQL database that uses a distributed cache approach to enable elastic scaling while maintaining data consistency and durability.

1. BY POPULAR DEMAND:
THE RISE OF ELASTIC SQL
August 21, 2017

2. Powerful Database or Modern Datacenter: Pick One
Strong Data Guarantees (eg ACID)
Powerful Server-side Logic (eg SQL)
Elasticity (eg Clouds & Containers)

3. Why Elasticity?
3
Not fast enough?
Just add a Node …
Too Much Data?
Just add a Node …
Too Many Users?
Just add a Node …
Downtime costs?
Just add a Node …
Latency problems?
Just add a Node …
Need analytics?
Just add a Node …
Also:
+ Automated administration, using REST
APIs (shutdowns/restarts, backups,
monitoring, alerts, etc)
+ Integration with management
frameworks (Kubernetes, Mesos, etc)
+ Support for Devops and modern CI-
based application development
+ Move to private/public DBaaS
Key Takeaways … $$$:
+ Commodity/Virtual Infrastructure
+ Pay DB vendor for what you use
+ Pay Cloud vendor for what you use
+ Operating vs Capital Expenses
Servers Under-utilized?
Just delete Nodes …
Rolling Upgrades?
Just add/delete Nodes …
Multi Data Center?
Just add/delete Nodes …

4. Powerful Database or Modern Datacenter: Pick One
Strong Data Guarantees (eg ACID)
Powerful Server-side Logic (eg SQL)
Elasticity (eg Clouds & Containers)

5. Why ACID?
5
Also:
+ Clear model of database lifecycle
+ Backups/Restores and Recovery
models are structured and
unambiguous
+ Audit-ability of mutation sequences
+ Transaction model enables failover
+ Transaction model enables
concurrency
Key Takeaways:
+ Transactions guarantee your data
+ Transactions simplify applications
+ Transactions enable recovery
+ Ideally you would adopt ACID
transactions for all data
management
Is my Data Safe?
ACID Guarantees Durability…
Is my Data Reliable?
ACID Guarantees Consistency…
Which changes happened?
ACID Guarantees Atomicity …
Other users’ changes?
ACID Guarantees Isolation…
Project costs?
ACID Simplifies Applications …
DBA Costs?
ACID Simplifies Admin …

6. Powerful Database or Modern Datacenter: Pick One
Strong Data Guarantees (eg ACID)
Powerful Server-side Logic (eg SQL)
Elasticity (eg Clouds & Containers)

7. Why SQL?
7
Also:
+ SQL has mathematical rigor - derived
from Tedd Codd’s relational model
+ SQL is “set-like” –natural way to think
about multiple instances of anything
+ SQL supports rich data-modeling
+ SQL is how your backups and existing
data are stored
+ $40bn database market, > 90% SQL
+ Hadoop – once 100% NoSQL, now
mostly SQL
Key Takeaways:
+ You need a server-side language
+ Ideally set-based and declarative
+ Ideally mature, optimized & trusted
+ Umm, so … SQL
Application Complexity?
SQL is Server-side …
Application Performance?
SQL is Server-side …
Application Bugs?
SQL is Mature …
Need Power?
SQL is Declarative …
Need Practitioners?
SQL is the Standard …
Data as an Asset?
SQL is App-Independent …

8. Powerful Database or Modern Datacenter: Pick One
Strong Data Guarantees (eg ACID)
Powerful Server-side Logic (eg SQL)
Elasticity (eg Clouds & Containers)

9. “A database system
that never needs to
be shut down”
“Hardware and
software fault
tolerance”
“Multi-site
operation for
business continuity”
“Automatic load
balancing”
ELASTIC SQL DESIGN OBJECTIVES
“Scales by adding more
computers and accommodates
gracefully when machines are
yanked out”

10. Copyright © 2017 NuoDB - NuoDB Confidential
EVOLUTION TO ELASTIC SQL
10
Elastic SQL
Elastic SQL: The benefits of
Traditional Databases & The Cloud
SQL
Logic
ACID:
data
consistency
Zero
Downtime
Elastic
scale-out
SQL database
abstraction
Virtualization,
Commodity
& Cloud
Traditional RDBMS
NoSQL
MARKET GAP
SQL
Logic
ACID:
data
consistency
SQL database
abstraction
Zero
Downtime
Elastic
scale-out
Virtualization,
Commodity
& Cloud

11. Copyright © 2017 NuoDB - NuoDB Confidential
Approac
h
Shared Disk
Shared-Nothing
/Sharded
Synchronous
Replication
Durable
Distributed Cache
Key Idea Sharing a file system
Independent databases
for disjoint subsets of data
Committing data
transactionally to multiple
locations before returning
Replicating data in memory
on-demand
Topology
Example
Oracle RAC
DB2 Pure Scale
MySQL Cluster
and most NoSQL/NewSQL
solutions
Other Elastic SQL DBMS
(Google Cloud Spanner,
CockroachDB)
ELASTIC SQL DESIGN APPROACHES
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12. Copyright © 2017 NuoDB - NuoDB Confidential
DURABLE DISTRIBUTED CACHE
+ All peers have object caching
and coordination
+ Architecture enables
on-demand, elastic scaling
+ Natural resilience supports
continuous availability
Durability
SQL Parser
SQL Optimizer
Transaction Handling
Transaction Engine (TE)
Storage Manager (SM)
TE TE
SM SM
A
Application
Not-yet-provisioned,
Available Node
A

13. Copyright © 2017 NuoDB - NuoDB Confidential
THE EMERGING ELASTIC SQL
MARKET
13
Traditional
RDBMS
NoSQL
Elastic SQL
Native Product Capabilities
SQL
Business Database of Record ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓
ANSI-Standard SQL ✓ ✗ (✓) (✓) ✓
Migrate existing SQL apps (✓) ✗ ✗ ✗ (✓)
In-memory performance ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
Elastic
Simple elastic scale-out/in
(reads and writes) ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Zero downtime ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Hybrid cloud deployment ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓

14. Copyright © 2017 NuoDB - NuoDB Confidential
NuoDB
+ Founded in 2010
+ Management team and investors
are database pioneers
+ Patented elastic SQL database
+ Leading SaaS & on-premises
applications run on NuoDB
+ HQ in Cambridge, MA
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15. 15
The Elastic SQL Database