This document discusses how traditional SQL databases anchor enterprises to the past and hinder digital transformation efforts. It introduces NuoDB as a container-native SQL database that can be fully deployed within container platforms. NuoDB addresses limitations of traditional and NoSQL databases by providing elastic SQL, ACID compliance, zero downtime, and horizontal scalability while running in containers on commodity hardware and clouds.

1. Copyright (C) 2018 451 Research LLC
What It Means to be a Container-Native
SQL Database
July 24, 2018
451 Research and NuoDB
James Curtis
451 Research
Ariff Kassam
NuoDB

2. James Curtis
Senior Analyst, Data Platforms & Analytics
2
Ariff Kassam
Vice President, Products

3. Housekeeping Items:
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4. 451 Research is a leading IT research & advisory company
4
Founded in 2000
300+ employees, including over 120 analysts
2,000+ clients: Technology & Service providers, corporate
advisory, finance, professional services, and IT decision makers
70,000+ IT professionals, business users and consumers in our research community
Over 52 million data points published each quarter and 4,500+ reports published
each year
3,000+ technology & service providers under coverage
451 Research and its sister company, Uptime Institute, are the two divisions of The
451 Group
Headquartered in New York City, with offices in London, Boston, San Francisco,
Washington DC, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Spain, UAE, Russia, Taiwan, Singapore
and Malaysia
Research & Data
Advisory
Events
Go 2 Market

5. Digital Transformation: What do we mean?
5
Copyright (C) 2016 451 Research LLC
3
Digital Transformation is the investment in
new digital technologies and processes to
not only more effectively engage
customers, partners or employees, but to
also cut costs.

6. Digital transformation is real and happening now
6
42%
28%
20%
10%
Execution. We have a formal strategy and are actively digitizing our
business processes and/or assets.
Evaluation. We are planning and researching to develop a digital
transformation strategy.
Consideration. We areconsidering it, but have no formal plans.
No strategy. We currently have no digital transformation strategy.
% of respondents (n=1002)
Source: 451 Research, Voice of the Enterprise: Digital Pulse, Workloads and Key Projects 2018

7. What exactly needs to be digitally transformed?
Process
Transformation
Information
Transformation
Platform
Transformation
§ More than a technical shift, but a cultural one
§ Focus on collaboration—employees but also
customers, partners, suppliers
§ Agile methods for software development
§ Gathering data and lots of it in various means
and methods
§ Multiple communication points on multiple
devices
§ Leveraging data with advanced analytics
§ IT moving from cost center to software enabler
§ Organizations needs systems of engagement—tools
and systems for omnichannel interaction
§ Integration with legacy systems of record
7

8. When considering a digital transformation, enterprises
often need to…
8
Handle Growth
Steady and Seasonal
Manage Costs
Now and Future
Minimize Friction
Adoption and Adjustment

9. ▪ NewSQL databases: 29% CAGR
▪ Traditional relational databases: 6% CAGR
9
Handle
Growth
Manage
Costs
Minimal
Friction
Database growth expected for
relational databases 2017-22
Combined
6.4%
2017-22 CAGR
Source: 451 Research, Total Data: Platforms & Analytics, May 2018.

10. 10
Handle
Growth
Manage
Costs
Minimal
Friction
Database revenue growth by
execution 2016-21
Source: 451 Research’s Total Data Market Monitor, May 2018, and Voice of the Enterprise Cloud Transformation,
Workloads and Key Projects 2017

11. 11
Handle
Growth
Manage
Costs
Minimal
Friction
Great expectations for reduced
costs in cloud adoption
Source: 451 Research, The Cloud Transformation Journey, February 2018.

12. 12
Handle
Growth
Manage
Costs
Minimal
Friction
But the cloud is a journey….
Source: 451 Research, The Cloud Transformation Journey, February 2018.

13. 13
Handle
Growth
Manage
Costs
Minimal
Friction
Maintain existing skills
§ New technologies such as MapReduce and Hadoop
garnered a lot of attention due to the flexibility they
enable for large-scale data processing
§ But no one stopped using SQL
§ SQL isn’t back – it never went away

14. 14
Handle
Growth
Manage
Costs
Minimal
Friction
Examine existing technologies
▪ Traditional relational DBMS can get stretched
beyond their normal capacity by the needs of high-
volume, highly distributed applications
▪ Modern relational DBMS provide scalability while
also enabling ACID guarantees for transactions

15. But enterprises also worry about the future
15
In addition to… Enterprise want to….
Handle
Growth
Manage
Costs
Minimal
Friction
Build for the Future
Invest and Future Proof

16. 16
Containers will play key role
for digital transformations
§ Enable packaging/deploying of applications
§ Enables spin-up/down of applications and/or
services
§ Reduce provisioning times
§ Easy to move around as needed
§ Open source development and growing community
support

17. 3
Containers adoption is modest, but expected to grow
Source: 451 Research, Storage: Workloads and Key Projects, 2018

18. 18
Containers are now being
deployed for databases
§ Innovations in container technology are emerging
that allow for persistence storage for stateful
applications
§ Vendors are merging containers with data workflows
as a means to tackle digital transformation efforts
§ Enterprises are becoming increasingly comfortable
with databases running on cloud infrastructure

19. Key Takeaways
19

20. Thank you!
james.curtis@451research.com
@jmscrts
www.451research.com

21. DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
IT departments must
become more agile so
that enterprises can
quickly respond to
changing customer,
competitive and
business demands
Traditional SQL
database solutions
anchor enterprise-
critical application
architectures and
processes in the past
To fully realize the
benefits of Digital
Transformation,
enterprises need SQL
database solutions that
can be adopted as part
of their cloud &
container strategy
21

22. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
WHAT ARE CONTAINERS
+ Containers are a
virtualization
technology that
package application(s)
and required
dependencies – but
does not include an OS
+ More efficient than
VMs - allowing
customers to deploy
more containers on a
single system

23. BENEFITS OF CONTAINERS
Increased agility and
time to market by
enabling DevOps best
practices.
No vendor lock-in.
Containers are fully
portable across
environments, cloud
providers or hybrid.
Improve server
utilization by deploying
multiple containers on
as single server.
23

24. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
DATABASE PATTERNS FOR CONTAINERS
24
` `
DB Outside
Containers
Data Cache +
DB Outside Containers
DB In Containers

25. 25
CONTAINER CHALLENGES FOR DBs
Complex
Complex to setup and
multiple components
for HA & DR
Performance
Network and storage
abstraction layers
impact performance
Lockdown
DBs are locked
down and tightly
controlled
Coupled
Tightly coupled
with large scaled
servers

26. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
IN CONTAINER VS CONTAINER NATIVE
26
+ Placing traditional SQL databases “in containers” does not make
them any more modern or agile
§ More efficient virtualization
§ Scale up architecture
+ Container native solutions leverage the native benefits of containers
and container management platforms
§ Increase developer productivity
§ Operational simplicity
§ Dynamic provisioning
§ Horizontal scale out
§ Server and location agnostic

27. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
INTRODUCING NuoDB
27
NuoDB is the only container-native relational SQL database that enables
enterprise applications to run completely in a container platform
Elastic SQL
Elastic SQL: The benefits of Traditional
Databases & Containers
SQL
ACID
Zero
Downtime
Elastic
scale-out
Enterprise
Adoption
Containers,
Commodity
& Cloud
Traditional RDBMS
NoSQL
MARKET GAP
SQLACID Enterprise
Adoption
Zero
Downtime
Elastic
scale-out
Containers,
Commodity
& Cloud

28. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
28
NuoDB DATABASE
Modern distributed, peer-to-peer
services acting as a single, logical
database
+ New modern database architecture
with independent database services
+ Services scale independently
and elastically
+ ANSI SQL interface
+ Deploy across containers,
clouds & data centers
+ Continuous availability for planned
and unplanned outages
Fast in-memory transaction
processing
with dynamic application
data affinity
Durable storage
management with
scale-out storage
NuoDB Architecture
Legacy RDBMS
Architecture
Storage
Query Processing

29. KEY IDEA #1: A DISTRIBUTED WORLD
29
1. Start with a client-server DBMS
2. Try to turn it into a Distributed System
1. Start with a Distributed System
2. Deliver database services on this system
DON’T DO
A single logical database
Complex add-ons and
processes to maintain

30. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
KEY IDEA #2: CONTAINERIZED SERVICES
30
Separate transactions from storage
In-memory transactions
+ Transactions are executed fully
in-memory
+ No sharding / explicit
partitioning
Storage is redundant & flexible
+ Durable persistence
+ Automated replication
+ Each storage service can store a
full copy or a partition of the
data
Single logical database
+ Each services can be distributed across a single
cluster or across multiple clusters
+ Each service can be scaled independently

31. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
KEY IDEA #3: SIMPLE, NO-KNOBS
31
Traditional DBs have 100s of
configuration parameters/settings
NuoDB is simple to start and
maintain

32. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
NuoDB CONTAINER NATIVE ADVANTAGES
32
+ Increased developer agility
§ Provide self-service deployment, usage and operation (CD/CI)
+ Horizontal scale out performance
§ Full read/write scale out to address performance bottlenecks
§ Integrated in-memory cache for low latency access
+ Simplified operational model
§ Single platform for operations
§ Automated operations using RESTful APIS
§ Built-in HA/DR for a simpler solution

33. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
DEVELOPER SELF-SERVICE AGILITY
33
+ Agile development requires developer self-service for
fast deployment, usage and operation
Developers cannot wait for DBAs or operations to provision a
database for developer use
Simple to start and manage
+ NuoDB can be easily integrated into developer CD/CI
pipelines so that developers can provision a database
within seconds
+ Simple configuration options

34. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
HORIZONTAL SCALE-OUT PERFORMANCE
34
NuoDB is the only container-native SQL operational database
that provides read & write scale out
+ Container-native applications address scaling by deploying
additional containers (scale out)
+ Traditional SQL database use scale-up architectures
Only have read scale out

35. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
HORIZONTAL SCALE-OUT PERFORMANCE
+ NuoDB allows
independent scale-out
of either compute or
storage tiers to
address different
workload use cases
Logging Application
+ Insert dominated
+ Scale-out storage tier
HTAP Application
+ Mixed read/write
+ Dedicated analytical nodes
OLTP Application
+ Mixed read/write
+ Scale-out compute & storage tiers
TE TE TE TE TE
SMSM
TE TE TE TE TE
SMSMSM SM
TE TE
SMSMSM SM
TE TE TE TE TE
SMSM
Web/Mobile Application
+ Read dominated
+ Scale-out compute tier
35

36. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
IN-MEMORY CACHE PERFORMANCE
36
+ Data caching is commonly used
to improve latency and read
scalability
Used to off-load databases
+ Requires applications to manage cache and database
consistency (e.g. cache aside pattern)
Introduces another layer of complexity to application
development

37. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
37
IN-MEMORY CACHE PERFORMANCE
+ NuoDB has an integrated caching layer
- Transaction Engines (TEs)
+ TEs are in-memory data caches that
can co-located with the service for low
latency data access
+ As a single logical database, NuoDB
automatically manages the cache
coherency between the caches and
storage (Storage Manager - SM)
TE TE TE
SM

38. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
38
SIMPLIFIED OPERATIONS
+ Traditional SQL databases
have multiple add-ons to
support HA and DR
capabilities
+ Introduces additional
complexities in a
container environment

39. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
39
SIMPLIFIED OPERATIONS
+ Since NuoDB is a
distributed database,
data replication for HA
and DR is part of the
database and naturally
fits in a container
environment

40. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
SUMMARY
40
+ Enterprises struggle to fulfill the promises of Digital
Transformation for applications reliant on traditional SQL
databases
+ NuoDB is a modern, fully distributed and container-native
SQL database that allows enterprises to deploy
enterprise-critical applications completely within a
container platform

41. Copyright © 2018 NuoDB
THANK YOU!
41
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@NuoDB
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github.com/nuodb
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