Business, Government and Society – Business in politics
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• Approx. 1/3 of world trade is intra-firm trade – between branches of MNCs in different countries • The size of MNCs means they have greater global influence than many countries
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The document provides a summary of global wage trends based on data from the United Nations and International Labour Organisation. Some key points include:
- Global wage growth decelerated in 2013 compared to 2012 and has yet to rebound to pre-crisis rates.
- Wage growth has been driven mostly by emerging and developing economies, with China alone accounting for almost half of global wage growth.
- Growth in wages in developed economies has remained flat.
- Between 1999-2013, labor productivity growth in developed economies outstripped real wage growth and labor's share of national income.
- Average wages in emerging economies are slowly converging towards those in developed economies.
Powerpoint 2
International business refers to firms operating in multiple countries, known as multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs have subsidiaries in each country they operate in and must manage legal and cultural differences between countries. Increased international business and globalization have led to rising world trade. World trade benefits countries by increasing aggregate demand and economic growth, raising living standards through jobs and technology from foreign direct investment. Economies are also now closely aligned through shared international business cycles, so economic shocks can spread between countries.
Canada: Guarantee Income - Whats Next?
This document discusses guarantee income and welfare programs in Canada. It provides background on Paul Young and his expertise. It defines guarantee income and describes Ontario's plans for a pilot program. It also discusses supply chain flows, average wages in Canada, energy costs, housing prices, and inflation. Charts show welfare payment amounts compared to other incomes. The document expresses concerns that guarantee income programs may discourage work and require large tax increases or spending cuts to fund.
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2. A supervisor must decide whether to fabricate performance data or present true results, balancing transparency with perceived underperformance.
3. A company faces an electricians' union demanding a bribe for project approval, with options to bribe, secure approval through legal means, or file a complaint.
4. During a medical emergency, a doctor must decide who to save among a tribe leader, German tourist, and two children, balancing responsibilities to different stakeholders.
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This chapter discusses macroeconomic concepts and the factors that influence the stability of an economy. It begins by defining microeconomics as the study of small economic units like individuals and businesses, while macroeconomics examines a nation's overall economy. It then explains the four types of market structures and compares the main economic systems of capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies. The chapter concludes by analyzing how monetary and fiscal policy can be used to manage economic performance and the major global economic challenges faced in the 21st century.
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The economic outlook summary is as follows:
1) The US economy has slowed significantly with weak GDP growth and persistently high unemployment.
2) Even the slow recovery is threatened by the ongoing European sovereign debt crisis which could trigger a global recession.
3) Domestic consumption, a major driver of GDP, remains subdued due to high unemployment, income inequality, and households focusing on debt reduction over spending.
The Stephen Harper Prime Minister Years
Harper's fiscal record is criticized in the article. The author argues that Harper relied too heavily on spending cuts rather than tax increases to balance the budget, disproportionately impacting lower-income Canadians. However, others point out that Harper implemented tax cuts and savings programs that benefited middle- and lower-income Canadians. There are reasonable debates around different governments' economic and taxation policies, and it is important to consider multiple perspectives when evaluating these complex issues.
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a) Characteristics of developed, developing and emerging
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b) Growing economic power of countries within Asia, Africa and other
parts of the world.
c) Implications of economic growth for individuals and businesses:
• trade opportunities for businesses
• employment patterns.
d) Indicators of growth:
• gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP per capita
• human development index (HDI).
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The United States has the largest economy in the world, though it saw slowed growth after events like 9/11 and the recession in 2009. However, the economy has since strengthened due to increased business and consumer spending and lower unemployment. Politically, the U.S. has the oldest democracy with a federal system and three branches of government. It also has a progressive tax system and strong labor laws. Socio-culturally, an aging population and illegal immigration are concerns, though education and healthcare are highly developed. Technologically, the U.S. leads in research and development spending and innovation.
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The document discusses various aspects of the political, natural, technological, and demographic environments that businesses must consider. It provides details on how each environment can impact businesses and the key factors within each. The political environment section outlines how government stability, policies, and institutions like the legislature and judiciary influence business operations. The natural environment addresses issues like resource availability, pollution, and sustainability. Technological changes and research and development are also factors. Demographics analyzes population trends that shape consumer markets.
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The document discusses the key factors of the business environment and their impact on businesses. It defines business environment as the aggregate of all conditions, events and influences that surround and affect a business. It notes that while businesses have control over internal operations, external environmental conditions like economic, political, social, technological and competitive factors are generally beyond their control but still influence how they operate. It provides examples of how each factor, such as interest rates, new regulations, consumer trends and new competitors, can present challenges or opportunities for businesses.
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Impact of globalisation on business, government and society
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At Commonwealth Infrastructure Partners (CIP), through our capacity building programmes, we focus on developing the capabilities of the whole organisation. Read more here
Advisory Services -Creating the ground for world-class infrastructure
CIP implements an integrated approach for infrastructure projects, including: working with sector specialists with relevant experience
bringing together public and private sector experts
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Highways – creating world-class road connectivity
Dr Geoffrey Clements discusses the importance of developing world-class highway networks for nations' economic prosperity and transportation infrastructure. Major highway projects now involve international collaboration between public and private sectors, requiring highway managers to have multidisciplinary expertise in areas like strategic planning, design, management, engineering, and stakeholder engagement. The Commonwealth Infrastructure Partners organization has over 30 years of experience in highways and bridges projects across many necessary areas of expertise, and can provide training to help develop these skills in the sector.
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L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
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Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
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Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
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Business, Government and Society – Business in politics
- 1. Dr Geoffrey Clements Chairman, Commonwealth Infrastructure Partners 2019 Business, Government and Society Business in Politics
- 2. Business in Politics The business of politics and the politics of business • In all capitalist economies, a reciprocal relationship exists between politics and business • As a result there is a reciprocal influence of business on government and government on business • Sometimes this is positive, constructive • Sometimes not • Relationships also exist between government and business in other form of government o Including socialist, communist and totalitarian regimes
- 3. Business in Politics The global spread of the influence of business on politics and government • As corporations have become larger, their influence has spread • The number of MNCs has grown • Their individual size has grown
- 4. Business in Politics Some facts • The 500 largest companies ranked by revenues beat performance records in 2017 • With combined revenues of $30 trillion, up from $27.7 trillion in 2016 • And profits soaring to $1.9 trillion from $1.5 trillion the year before. • The 500 top companies reached a combined all-time high profit of $1.88 trillion, a 23% year-on-year increase. • Approx. 1/3 of world trade is intra-firm trade – between branches of MNCs in different countries • The size of MNCs means they have greater global influence than many countries
- 5. Business in Politics Richest companies in the world in 2017 • Walmart – $485.9 billion revenue • State Grid Corporation of China – $315.2 billion revenue • Sinopec Group – $267.5 billion revenue • China National Petroleum Corporation – $262.6 billion revenue • Volkswagen – $240.3 billion revenue • Royal Dutch Shell – $240 billion revenue • Berkshire Hathway – $223.7 billion revenue • Apple Inc. – $215.6 billion revenue • Exxon Mobil – $205 billion revenue
- 7. Business in Politics MNCs and National GDP The largest MNCs have a larger “economy” than the GDP of all but the 20 largest national economies Apple > Saudi Arabia Google > Turkey Microsoft > Taiwan Amazon > Poland Facebook > Belgium
- 8. Business in Politics Structure of government • The structure of government can have a large effect on the influence of business on government • Instability in government allows large companies to exert an influence • Lobbying and donations to political parties also play their part
- 9. Business in Politics Head of State and Head of Government USA The Head of State is also Head of Government India The Head of State is separate from the Head of Government: Head of State is the President, and the Head of Government is the Prime Minister UK The Head of State is separate from the Head of Government: Head of State is the Monarch, and the Head of Government is Prime Minister
- 10. Business in Politics Gridlock in government in USA • The majority in either House may be the opposite party to the President • This can lead to “gridlock”, especially when the House of Representatives opposes the President. President / Cabinet Senate House of Representatives Executive Legislature
- 11. Business in Politics Donating to political parties an investment in the future of the company
- 12. Business in Politics The Revolving Door Government regulators Industry executives
- 13. Business in Politics Disproportionate influence • Large corporates in USA have disproportionate influence on government • USA has disproportionate influence globally • USA corporates have disproportionate global influence on governments and world economics
- 14. Business in Politics © 2019, Commonwealth Infrastructure Partners Thank you geoffrey.clements@commip.org www.commip.org