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This document provides an overview of burn management and treatment. It discusses the different types of burns including thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation burns. It describes burn depth classification and assessment tools like the Rule of Nines. It outlines the principles of burn resuscitation and fluid management over the first 72 hours. It also covers monitoring, wound care, infections, surgical procedures, and first aid for burns. The goal is to prevent shock, maintain organ perfusion, control infections, and promote wound healing.
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This document discusses different types of burns including thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation burns. It describes how burns are assessed based on depth and extent of body surface area involved. First, second, and third degree burns are defined. Fluid imbalances that can occur with burns are also outlined. The phases of burn injuries - emergent, acute, and rehabilitative - are summarized along with goals, nursing interventions, and considerations for each phase. Wound care including dressing changes and skin grafting is also covered at a high level.
BURNS.pptx
This document provides an overview of burns, including:
- Definitions of burns and burn classifications according to cause, depth, and size. Burns can be thermal, chemical, or electrical. They are classified as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th degree burns depending on depth of tissue damage.
- Criteria for burn patient admission based on factors like burn size, location, age, and presence of inhalation injury.
- Principles of burn management including initial resuscitation following ATLS protocols, fluid resuscitation calculated using the Parkland formula, pain control, and wound care involving cleaning and dressing changes.
Assessment of trauma
- The timeline concept in trauma management emphasizes that there is a critical time window to intervene before loss of compensatory mechanisms, and assessment and response should occur prior to irreversible damage.
- The primary survey follows the ATLS protocol of ABCDE to address life threats, while the secondary survey is a full head-to-toe examination.
- For physiologically compromised patients, a damage control approach may be necessary to stop bleeding and contamination before full treatment, while resuscitation continues simultaneously.
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This document discusses different types of burns including thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation burns. It describes how burns are assessed based on depth and extent of body surface area involved. First, second, and third degree burns are defined. Fluid imbalances that can occur with burns are also outlined. The phases of burn injuries - emergent, acute, and rehabilitative - are summarized along with goals, nursing interventions, and considerations for each phase. Wound care including dressing changes and skin grafting is also covered at a high level.
BURNS.pptx
This document provides an overview of burns, including:
- Definitions of burns and burn classifications according to cause, depth, and size. Burns can be thermal, chemical, or electrical. They are classified as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th degree burns depending on depth of tissue damage.
- Criteria for burn patient admission based on factors like burn size, location, age, and presence of inhalation injury.
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- The primary survey follows the ATLS protocol of ABCDE to address life threats, while the secondary survey is a full head-to-toe examination.
- For physiologically compromised patients, a damage control approach may be necessary to stop bleeding and contamination before full treatment, while resuscitation continues simultaneously.
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This document provides an overview of burns, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, assessment, and management. It defines burns as tissue damage caused by thermal, electrical, chemical or radiation sources. The depth and extent of burns are assessed using tools like the Rule of Nines. Major burns are those over 25% Total Body Surface Area and can cause local and systemic effects like fluid shifts, metabolic changes and increased risk of infection. Burn management involves three phases - emergent, acute, and rehabilitation - and priorities include wound care, infection prevention and rehabilitation.
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This document provides information on burns, including:
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The document provides an overview of burn injuries including:
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- Potential complications and long-term management including scar treatment
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This document summarizes the pathophysiology and classification of burns. It describes how burns are caused by thermal, radiation or chemical injury, leading to tissue destruction. Burn depth is classified as superficial, deep partial thickness, or full thickness depending on the extent of epidermal and dermal damage. Burn extent is estimated using methods like the Rule of Nines or Lund-Browder chart based on percentage of total body surface area affected. Classification determines burn management and predicts healing outcomes.
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09 x 2
Genitalia - 01
Total Body Surface Area - 100
63
Evaluation
History
Mechanism of injury
Time of injury
Associated inhalational injury
Past medical history
Medications
64
Evaluation
Examination
Primary survey
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
Secondary survey
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Associated injuries
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Evaluation
Investigations
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This document discusses burns, including their definition, classification, causes, clinical features, and management. Burns are injuries caused by heat, flames, scalds, or chemicals and can range from superficial first degree burns to full thickness third degree burns that destroy all skin layers. Burn management involves initial first aid, medical care including fluids and antibiotics, surgical procedures such as skin grafting, and nursing care like wound dressing and pain management to prevent complications and promote healing.
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This document provides an overview of burn injuries including:
1. It defines burn injuries and discusses the local and systemic effects including damage to the skin, airways, and metabolic effects.
2. Burn injuries are classified based on etiology (thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation), depth (first through fourth degree), and severity (mild, moderate, major). Common thermal burn mechanisms like scalds, flames, and contact burns are described.
3. A thorough clinical assessment of burn wounds including characteristics of different degree burns is outlined to classify burn depth and severity.
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Burns can cause significant injury and require careful management. The document discusses:
1) The classification of burns as first, second, third, or fourth degree based on depth of tissue damage. Deep burns involving muscle and bone carry the worst prognosis.
2) Burn extent is evaluated using methods like the Rule of Nines to determine percentage of total body surface area affected to guide fluid resuscitation.
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The document discusses different types of burns including thermal, chemical, and electrical burns. It describes how burns are assessed based on depth and percentage of total body surface area affected. First, second, and third degree burns are defined based on the level of skin layers involved. Complications from burns can include fluid shifts causing hypovolemia, infection, and multi-organ dysfunction. Burn management involves wound assessment, fluid resuscitation to address fluid imbalances, and treatment depending on severity.
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1. Burns can be classified based on the type of injury, percentage of total body surface area burned, and depth of burn into the skin.
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Burn injuries represent a serious global public health problem, causing over 195,000 deaths per year from fires alone. They are the 4th most common type of injury worldwide and disproportionately impact low- and middle-income countries. Children under 5 years old and elderly people over 70 have the highest mortality rates from burns. While burns often lead to disabilities and disfigurement, resulting in stigma, they are largely preventable injuries. The document discusses burn injury trends in the Philippines and outlines the coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to burn treatment between specialized burn units and supporting medical services.
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This document provides an overview of burns, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, assessment, and management. It defines burns as tissue damage caused by thermal, electrical, chemical or radiation sources. The depth and extent of burns are assessed using tools like the Rule of Nines. Major burns are those over 25% Total Body Surface Area and can cause local and systemic effects like fluid shifts, metabolic changes and increased risk of infection. Burn management involves three phases - emergent, acute, and rehabilitation - and priorities include wound care, infection prevention and rehabilitation.
Burns
Burns are one of the most common household injuries, especially among children. The term “burn” means more than the burning sensation associated with this injury. Burns are characterized by severe skin damage that causes the affected skin cells to die.
Most people can recover from burns without serious health consequences, depending on the cause and degree of injury. More serious burns require immediate emergency medical care to prevent complications and death
Burn management
This document provides information on burns, including:
- The definition and causes of burns including thermal, electrical, chemical and radiation burns.
- The degrees of burns from first to fourth degree based on depth of tissue damage.
- Methods for estimating the percentage of total body surface area burned including the Rule of Nines.
- Criteria for burn admission to hospital care based on factors like surface area, depth and location of burns.
- Complications that can result from severe burns like infection, shock and organ damage.
- The importance of first aid like cooling the burned area in water to minimize further tissue injury.
Burn (3 rd year)
This document outlines objectives and content for a lecture on burns. It defines burns as damage caused by heat, cold, electricity or chemicals. There are three degrees of burns - first degree affects the outer layer of skin, second degree extends deeper, and third degree extends all the way through the dermis. Signs include blisters, pain, swelling and shock. Management involves preventing infection, wound care, excision and grafting of deep burns, pain management, nutritional support, and physical/occupational therapy. The Wallace Rule of Nines is also described to estimate total body surface area affected by burns.
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This document provides information on the pathophysiology and treatment of burns. It discusses the local and systemic effects of burns including cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and immune responses. It describes methods of assessing burn severity including depth of burn and percentage of total body surface area burned. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation according to the Parkland formula, wound care, infection control, nutrition and management of complications like multiorgan failure.
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The document provides an overview of burn injuries including:
- Types of burns such as thermal, chemical, and electrical burns
- Factors that determine burn severity such as depth, extent, location, and patient risk factors
- Immediate management priorities of airway, breathing, circulation and fluid resuscitation
- Wound care including cleaning, dressing, escharotomy/fasciotomy, skin grafting
- Potential complications and long-term management including scar treatment
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This document summarizes the pathophysiology and classification of burns. It describes how burns are caused by thermal, radiation or chemical injury, leading to tissue destruction. Burn depth is classified as superficial, deep partial thickness, or full thickness depending on the extent of epidermal and dermal damage. Burn extent is estimated using methods like the Rule of Nines or Lund-Browder chart based on percentage of total body surface area affected. Classification determines burn management and predicts healing outcomes.
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The document provides an outline for principles of management of burn injuries. It begins with defining burns and discussing the epidemiology, types, classification, and pathophysiology of burns. It then covers assessment of burn wounds including depth and percentage of total body surface area burned. The document outlines primary survey and management of burns which includes airway management, as inhalation injuries often accompany severe burns. It discusses indications for hospitalization and monitoring of burn patients.
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This document discusses burn management and treatment. It defines burns and their causes, classifying them as physical (thermal, electrical) or chemical. Burn depth is classified in 4 degrees based on skin layer involvement. Extent of burn surface area is estimated using the Rule of Nines. Large burns can cause shock due to fluid loss, pain, or infection. Initial fluid resuscitation is crucial using formulas like Parkland to replace lost fluid volume over the first 24 hours. Wound care and infection control are also important for management.
Burns Pathophysiology, Evaluation and Management
09 x 2
Genitalia - 01
Total Body Surface Area - 100
63
Evaluation
History
Mechanism of injury
Time of injury
Associated inhalational injury
Past medical history
Medications
64
Evaluation
Examination
Primary survey
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
Secondary survey
Head to toe examination
Assessment of TBSA involved
Depth of burn
Associated injuries
65
Evaluation
Investigations
Hematological
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This document discusses burns, including their definition, classification, causes, clinical features, and management. Burns are injuries caused by heat, flames, scalds, or chemicals and can range from superficial first degree burns to full thickness third degree burns that destroy all skin layers. Burn management involves initial first aid, medical care including fluids and antibiotics, surgical procedures such as skin grafting, and nursing care like wound dressing and pain management to prevent complications and promote healing.
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This document provides an overview of burns, including definitions, epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, evaluation, treatment and management. It begins with defining burns as destruction of skin layers through coagulative necrosis. Globally, an estimated 180,000 deaths occur annually from burns, most in low and middle income countries. Burns are classified based on depth and degree of injury. Initial management focuses on ABCs, estimating burn size, preventing infection, and providing wound care and nutrition. Complications can include shock, infection, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and renal issues.
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This document provides an overview of burn injuries including:
1. It defines burn injuries and discusses the local and systemic effects including damage to the skin, airways, and metabolic effects.
2. Burn injuries are classified based on etiology (thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation), depth (first through fourth degree), and severity (mild, moderate, major). Common thermal burn mechanisms like scalds, flames, and contact burns are described.
3. A thorough clinical assessment of burn wounds including characteristics of different degree burns is outlined to classify burn depth and severity.
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The document discusses pressure ulcers, including their causes, assessment, stages, treatment, and prevention. Some key points:
- Pressure ulcers are caused by factors like decreased sensation, mobility, nutrition, incontinence, and shear/friction forces.
- Assessment involves visual skin inspection and using a risk assessment scale like the Braden Scale to document factors like moisture, pressure, shear, and friction.
- Pressure ulcers are staged from I to IV based on tissue depth involvement, from non-blanchable redness to full thickness tissue loss with bone/muscle exposure.
- Treatment focuses on relieving pressure, keeping skin clean and dry, using dressings, and managing in
Burn
This document discusses the management of burn injuries. It begins with an introduction noting that scalds are the most common burn in children from accidents with hot liquids. Classification of burns is then described based on percentage of total body surface area burned and depth of burn. Pathophysiology involves inflammation, hypovolemia, and potential inhalation injury. Assessment involves determining burn size, depth, and severity. Management involves stabilizing the airway, providing fluid resuscitation, controlling the environment, and considering surgery depending on the depth and extent of the burn. Complications can include shock, renal failure, and infection.
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Burns can cause significant injury and require careful management. The document discusses:
1) The classification of burns as first, second, third, or fourth degree based on depth of tissue damage. Deep burns involving muscle and bone carry the worst prognosis.
2) Burn extent is evaluated using methods like the Rule of Nines to determine percentage of total body surface area affected to guide fluid resuscitation.
3) Initial priorities are airway protection, stopping the burning process, and preventing hypothermia. Fluid resuscitation based on formulas like Parkland is critical to avoid hypovolemic shock.
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Burn injuries
The document discusses different types of burns including thermal, chemical, and electrical burns. It describes how burns are assessed based on depth and percentage of total body surface area affected. First, second, and third degree burns are defined based on the level of skin layers involved. Complications from burns can include fluid shifts causing hypovolemia, infection, and multi-organ dysfunction. Burn management involves wound assessment, fluid resuscitation to address fluid imbalances, and treatment depending on severity.
Wound managment
This document provides information on wound management and wound care. It discusses the different types of wounds including acute and chronic wounds. The goals of wound care are to identify any wounds or complications, prescribe preventative measures to promote skin integrity, and treat any wounds. There are four phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. The three types of wound healing and closure are primary, secondary and tertiary. Various wound dressings are also described like hydrocolloid, hydrogel and alginate. The wound care market is large and growing, dominated by major players. Pricing for common wound dressings is also listed.
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Burns. new-1.pptx
This document discusses different types of burns including thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation burns. It describes the depth of burns and classifications including first, second and third degree burns. It discusses pathophysiology including Jackson's burn zones and fluid resuscitation using the Parkland formula. It provides guidelines on monitoring, wound care, surgical procedures and first aid for burns.
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1. Burns can be classified based on the type of injury, percentage of total body surface area burned, and depth of burn into the skin.
2. Fluid resuscitation is essential to correct burn shock and hypovolemia. Formulas like Parkland and Brooke are used to calculate fluid needs.
3. Wound management includes initial silver dressings, then foams, hydrocolloids, or hydrogels depending on wound characteristics. Nutrition, infection control, and rehabilitation are also important.
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The document discusses burns, including:
1. The structure of skin and how burns damage the epidermis and dermis layers.
2. The main causes of burns are thermal, chemical, inhalation, electric, and radiation burns.
3. Burn classification includes depth, extent, location, and patient risk factors which determine prognosis.
4. Burn management has three phases - emergent, acute, and rehabilitative - and the emergent phase focuses on airway management, IV fluids, wound care, drugs, and nutrition to stabilize the patient.
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Burn injuries are a significant public health problem caused mainly by flames and scalds. Initial management involves stopping the burning process, assessing airway/breathing/circulation, and cooling the burn wound. Classification is based on total body surface area and depth of burn. Early wound excision, coverage with skin grafts, and aggressive fluid resuscitation are crucial for recovery. Long-term complications like contractures may require surgical correction. Proper nutrition, wound care, and rehabilitation are also important for optimal outcomes in burn patients.
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Burns can damage the skin and underlying tissues through thermal injury. The severity is classified based on depth of damage. Nutritional management of burns involves three stages - an early shock period, recovery phase, and later anabolic phase. Early enteral feeding within 6-18 hours is important to prevent complications. Diet must be high in calories, protein, and nutrients to support healing and immunity. Fluid resuscitation follows Parkland formula initially. Infection control and pain management are also critical aspects of burns treatment.
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This document provides an overview of burn injuries including definitions, anatomy, stages of wound healing, etiology, incidence, types, classification, extent, location, patient risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, complications, management, prehospital care, fluid therapy, wound care, drug therapy, nutritional therapy, excision and grafting, rehabilitation, nursing management, nursing diagnoses, and a bibliography. The key points covered are definitions of burns, the Lund Browder chart for classifying burn severity, Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation, goals of wound care including cleansing and debridement, and nursing diagnoses related to burns such as impaired skin integrity and risk for infection.
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Thermal burns can damage the epidermis and dermis layers of skin and are classified as superficial, partial-thickness, or full-thickness based on depth of injury. Initial management of burns focuses on airway protection, fluid resuscitation to prevent shock, analgesia, and wound care. Extent of burns is estimated based on total body surface area involved. Hospital admission is recommended for burns over 10% TBSA in children or 15% in adults due to risk of complications like infection, low blood volume, breathing issues, and joint problems that require close monitoring.
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1. Triage systems categorize trauma patients based on the urgency of their injuries to prioritize care. Mass casualty incidents require prioritizing those most likely to survive when resources are insufficient.
2. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides all nutritional needs intravenously, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. It requires a central venous catheter and careful monitoring to prevent complications.
3. Burns are classified by degree of skin layer involvement and percentage of total body surface area burned. Major burns require specialized burn unit care for infections, shock, and complications affecting multiple organ systems.
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1. Burn injuries are classified based on depth and cause damage through coagulation, stasis, and hyperemia. The rule of nines is used to estimate burn size.
2. Proper burn management includes airway support, ventilation, circulation support, infection treatment, and fluid resuscitation based on the Parkland formula. Wounds require local antibiotics and surgeons may perform escharotomies or grafts.
3. Special considerations include inhalation injuries requiring bronchoscopy, electrical burns risking compartment syndrome, and chemical burns requiring dilution of the agent.
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This document provides information on burn injuries, including:
1. Defining burns and classifying them based on depth and extent of body surface area affected.
2. Describing the pathophysiology of burns and systemic effects such as fluid loss and circulatory changes.
3. Outlining the therapeutic management of burns, which involves resuscitation, wound care, pain management, and rehabilitation.
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This document provides an overview of burn injuries, including epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, management approaches, and specific considerations for certain burn types. Some key points:
- Burn injuries represent a devastating physical and psychological trauma that remains a major problem globally.
- Burn depth, extent, cause, and presence of inhalation injury or other comorbidities determine classification and treatment approach.
- Goals of burn care include restoring form and function as well as facilitating psychological recovery.
- Initial management focuses on rescue, resuscitation, and wound care with subsequent rehabilitation.
- Surgical excision and skin grafting are often needed to promote healing.
Burn
This document provides an overview of burns including types, degrees, physiology, assessment, fluid resuscitation, dressing, analgesia, antibiotics, and management of specific burn types. It discusses that burns can be contact, flame, chemical, electrical, scald, grease, or friction burns. Assessment involves calculating burn percentage using Lund and Browder chart or Rule of Nines. Management involves ABCDE approach, fluid resuscitation using Parkland formula, silver sulfadiazine or other dressings, and analgesia like morphine. Inhalation injuries require monitoring for consolidation. Electrical burns can cause cardiac issues. Chemical burns need irrigation. Inhalational burns risk laryngeal edema and respiratory failure.
BURN.pptx
1. A burn injury is damage to skin and tissues caused by thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation sources. Burn injuries are common, especially among children and the elderly.
2. Scalds from hot liquids are a leading cause of burns, especially in children under 5 years old. Flame burns also commonly result from house fires or improper use of flammable materials.
3. Severe burns require extensive fluid resuscitation to prevent shock, along with wound management, nutritional support, and rehabilitation services. Proper treatment of burns focuses on preventing complications and promoting healing.
Burns UM-2 myanmar
This document discusses types and degrees of burns, including thermal, electrical, chemical, and radiation burns. It describes the anatomy of the skin and degrees of burn damage from superficial to full thickness. Treatment approaches are outlined, including immediate care, fluid resuscitation based on percentage of total body surface area burned, wound treatment techniques, surgery, reconstruction, and complications. The focus is on clinical assessment and management of burn patients.
Burn
1) Burns are caused by excessive heat or caustic chemicals damaging the skin. Burn severity depends on factors like temperature, duration of contact, extent of burn area, and depth of burn.
2) Burns are classified by depth - superficial burns involve only the epidermis, partial thickness burns also involve the dermis, and full thickness burns extend through the entire dermis.
3) Treatment of burns involves initial evaluation, fluid resuscitation to prevent shock, wound care like dressings and possible excision/grafting, adequate nutrition to prevent complications from increased metabolic needs, and managing complications.
BURN and its related anaesthesia complication
Burn injuries cause significant damage and health issues globally. They are the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide, with nearly 200,000 deaths annually. Most burns occur in low to middle income countries that lack infrastructure to treat them. Burns damage skin tissue through heat, chemicals, electricity or other sources. They are classified based on the depth of tissue destruction. Proper assessment of burn severity and depth is important for treatment. Burn injuries can cause shock, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and long-term metabolic changes like increased energy expenditure if not properly managed.
Burns
A complete review for all medical students and doctors working in burn unit in any hospital. #Emergency #BurnProtocol #protocol #Burns #Abhishek #MUSTKNOW #knowledge #Medical #Health
Burns
Burns are injuries caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation. There are different types of burns including thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation burns. Burns are classified by depth from superficial to full thickness. Management of burns involves three phases - emergent, intermediate and rehabilitative. The emergent phase focuses on fluid resuscitation while the intermediate phase involves wound care and the rehabilitative phase aims to return the patient to their normal activities. Nursing plays an important role in assessing burns, providing wound care, pain management and rehabilitation.
Fluid management in burns and shock
This document discusses fluid management in burn patients. It provides guidelines for calculating fluid needs based on the percentage of total body surface area burned. For a 30-year-old male with 36% burns to the thighs and buttocks, the recommended intravenous fluid is Ringer's lactate given at 4 ml per kg per percentage of burns per 24 hours. It also discusses various formulas for fluid resuscitation in adults and pediatrics. Complications of burns and inhalation injuries are outlined along with principles of wound management and prevention of contractures.
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Burns-Original.pptx
- 1. BURNS MANAGEMENT TAEI Training of Trainers Dr. M. MEDHUN KUMAR ,M.Ch Assistant Professor Department of Plastic surgery Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital
- 8. Classification Depth First degree: Injury localised to epidermis. Painful, red, blanches to touch. Heals spontaneously. E.g. sunburn. Second degree superficial: injury to the epidermis and superficial dermis. Red painful, blistering, blanches to touch. Usually heals from intact skin appendages with some skin discoloration. Second degree deep: injury through the epidermis deep into dermis. Pale mottled, does not blanch to touch, painful to pin prick. Heals with scarring
- 9. Classification Third degree : full thickness injury into subcutaneous fat. Hard leathery eschar, painless black, white or red. No visible skin appendages. Skin grafting necessary. Fourth degree : injury to underlying muscle and bone
- 10. I degree Burn
- 11. II degree Burn
- 12. III degree Burn
- 13. Jackson's burn zones 1. Zone of coagulation Irreversible tissue loss due to coagulative necrosis. 2. Zone of stasis Decreased tissue perfusion. Tissue is viable but can deteriorate to necrosis if not adequate resuscitation. 3. Zone hyperaemia Outermost zone with increased tissue perfusion. Tissue usually recovers in absence of severe infection or severe tissue hypo perfusion.
- 14. Jackson’s Zones
- 16. Pathophysiology
- 17. Oedema
- 18. Wallace Rule of Nines for Adults • Head & Neck = 9% • Each upper extremity (Arms) = 9% • Each lower extremity (Legs) = 18% • Anterior trunk= 18% • Posterior trunk = 18% • Genitalia (perineum) = 1%
- 19. Rule of Nines Chart
- 20. The Lund and Browder chart
- 21. Rule of Palm Patient’s palm equals 1% of his body surface area Best used for burns < 10% BSA
- 22. Fluid resuscitation First 24 hours • Modified Parkland Formula : 3ml /kg body wt / % for first 24 hours • Give one-half of the fluid calculated in the first 8 hours postburn (i.e. from the time of burn) • Give the balance in next 16 hours postburn
- 23. Admission Criteria • Partial thickness burns more than 20% of TBSA • Full-thickness burns more than 2 % of TBSA • Face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, or joints involved • Electrical burns • Chemical burns • Inhalation burns • Burns in conjunction with preexisting medical conditions • Risk of morbidity or mortality
- 24. Fluid Administered • For Adults : Ringer Lactate only • For Children : Ringer Lactate as calculated by formula • In addition 5% Dextrose • 100ml /kg till 10 kg • 50ml /kg for 11-15 kg • 30 ml /kg for above 15 kg body weight • The Dextrose fluid calculated is divided into 3 equal doses for administration every 8 hours.This is given because Children have poor Glycogen storage in their Liver and hence prone for Hypoglycemia.
- 25. Monitoring • Urinary output is the most sensitive noninvasive assessment parameter for cardiac output and tissue perfusion • Foley Catheter insertion • Ideal rate of Urine output Adults : 0.5 to 1.0 ml /kg / hr Children : 1.0 to 1.5 ml /kg / hr Infants : 1.5 to 2.0 ml /kg / hr • Palpable peripheral pulses • Clear sensorium
- 26. Monitoring • Tissue Perfusion – Pulse Oximeter • Basic investigations : Serum electrolyte levels Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels Blood Glucose Blood Urea & Serum Creatinine
- 27. • Tetanus Toxoid • Pain management • Prophylactic antibiotics • Wound Culture
- 28. 24 to 48 hrs • The amount of fluid administration is based on the hydration measured mainly by urine output • Usually ½ of first day requirements. • Adults : Normal saline/ Ringer Lactate 5% Dextrose added if there is no hyperglycemia. • Children : Normal saline/ Isolyte P / 5% Dextrose are administered
- 29. • Colloids are administered in the form of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) – 2units /day. • The exact quantity and nature of fluids administered are based on Patient clinical condition, Jugular venous pressure and Investigation reports. • Goal: Prevent shock by maintaining adequate circulating blood volume and maintaining vital organ perfusion
- 30. 48 to72 hrs Infection control : Wound Cultures repeated every 3 days and appropriate antibiotics are administered. To Continue Wound care : • Topical Antibiotics and Dressings • Wound closure • Nutritional support • Pain management • Physiotherapy
- 31. Topical Antimicrobials • Mafenide acetate for Ear • Bacitracin for Face • Silver sulfadiazine for Trunk & Extremities • Mupirocin • Acriflavin • Acticoat
- 32. Surgical Procedures • Debridement • Tangential Excision • Escharotomy • Fasciotomy • Escharectomy • Split Skin Grafting • Flap cover • Amputation
- 33. Collagen
- 36. Chemical Burns • Acid Burns – Coagulation Necrosis Form a thick, insoluble mass where they contact tissue Limits burn damage. • Alkali Burns – Liquefaction Necrosis Destroy cell membrane deeper tissue penetration.
- 37. Chemical Burns - Acid
- 38. Electrical Burns
- 40. RADIATION INJURIES • Pathophysiology process set in motion by radiation can either be prevented or attenuated. • Once damage occurred, only healing process can be accelerated
- 41. Burns ICU - Cubicles
- 42. FIRST AID Pour Water immediately
- 43. Use clean cloth
- 44. Cover with clean cloth
- 45. Thank you Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital, Chengalpattu