Bullying is defined as repeated harmful behavior that involves a power imbalance. It can take verbal, physical, social, or psychological forms. Bullying affects about 1 in 10 Australian school children and has negative impacts on both victims and bystanders. Boys report being bullied more often than girls. With age, reported bullying declines slightly but attitudes toward victims become less supportive. Research highlights the importance of schools providing safe, caring environments and resilience-building opportunities to help prevent bullying.

2.  Bullying is repeated verbal, physical, social or psychological behaviour that is
harmful and involves the misuse of power by an individual or group towards one or
more persons. Cyberbullying refers to bullying through information and
communication technologies.
 Bullying can involve humiliation, domination, intimidation, victimisation and all
forms of harassment including that based on sex, race, disability, homosexuality or
transgender. Bullying of any form or for any reason can have long-term effects on
those involved including bystanders.
 Bullying can happen anywhere: at school, travelling to and from school, in sporting
teams, between neighbours or in the workplace.
 Bullying behaviour can be:
› verbal eg name calling, teasing, abuse, putdowns, sarcasm, insults, threats
› physical eg hitting, punching, kicking, scratching, tripping, spitting
› social eg ignoring, excluding, ostracising, alienating, making inappropriate
gestures
› psychological eg spreading rumours, dirty looks, hiding or damaging
possessions, malicious SMS and email messages, inappropriate use of camera
phones.
 Conflict or fights between equals and single incidents are not defined as bullying.
Bullying behaviour is not:
 children not getting along well
 a situation of mutual conflict
 single episodes of nastiness or random acts of aggression or intimidation.

3.  http://youtu.be/ZNC8ONjfFls

4.  One student in every four in Australian schools is affected by bullying, says
recent research commissioned by the Federal Government.
 An estimated 200 million children and youth around the world are being
bullied by their peers, according to the 2007 Kandersteg Declaration Against
Bullying in Children and Youth.
 Kids who are bullied are three times more likely to show depressive symptoms,
says the Centre for Adolescent Health.
 Children who were bullied were up to nine times more likely to have suicidal
thoughts, say some studies.
 Girls who were victims of bullying in their early primary school years were more
likely to remain victims as they got older, according to British research.
 Children who were frequently bullied by their peers were more likely to
develop psychotic symptoms in their early adolescence, says more UK
research.
 Girls were much more likely than boys to be victims of both cyber and
traditional bullying, says a recent Murdoch Children's Research Institute study.
 Children as young as three can become victims of bullying, says Canadian
research.
 Young people who bully have a one in four chance of having a criminal
record by the age of 30.
 Bullying is the fourth most common reason young people seek help from
children's help services.

5. The extent of bullying among Australian school children and attitudes toward victims of bullying
were investigated in a survey of Australian school children between the ages of 6 and 16 years
(n= 685) and their teachers (n = 32). Approximately 1 child in 10 was subjected to peer group
bullying. Boys reported being bullied more often than girls, who tended to be more supportive
of victims. With increasing age, there was a slight but significant decline in reported bullying;
notably, however, attitudes toward victims became less supportive. Attitudes toward victims
were examined in detail by using a reliable and validated 20-item Likert scale.
Factor analyses of the children‘s responses yielded three interpretable factors: a tendency to
despise the victims of bullies; general admiration for school bullies; and avowed support for
intervention to assist the victim. An understanding of such attitudes is desirable for designing
effective intervention programs. The extent of bullying among Australian school children and
attitudes toward victims of bullying were investigated in a survey of Australian school children
between the ages of 6 and 16 years (n= 685) and their teachers (n = 32).
Approximately 1 child in 10 was subjected to peer group bullying. Boys reported being bullied
more often than girls, who tended to be more supportive of victims. With increasing age, there
was a slight but significant decline in reported bullying; notably, however, attitudes toward
victims became less supportive. Attitudes toward victims were examined in detail by using a
reliable and validated 20-item Likert scale. Factor analyses of the children‘s responses yielded
three interpretable factors: a tendency to despise the victims of bullies; general admiration for
school bullies; and avowed support for intervention to assist the victim. An understanding of
such attitudes is desirable for designing effective intervention programs.

6. Bullying affects everyone in different ways. But there are common feelings that come up
when you are being bullied.
How bullying can affect individuals includes feeling:
 guilty like it is your fault
 hopeless and stuck like you can’t get out of the situation
 alone, like there is no one to help you
 like you don’t fit in with the cool group
 depressed and rejected by your friends and other groups of people
 unsafe and afraid
 confused and stressed out wondering what to do and why this is happening to you
 ashamed that this is happening to you
Bullying can have a negative impact on everyone – it is not just a problem for victims and
bullies. If you see or know of others been bullied you may feel angry, fearful, guilty, and sad.
You may also feel worried that the bullying could happen to you.
When bullying isn’t stopped or challenged by anyone it can create an environment where
bullying is accepted and where everyone feels powerless to stop it.

7. "Australian and international research shows time and time again that
a school can contribute to a young person's resilience by providing a
safe and caring environment, high but achievable expectations, and
opportunities to learn and practise effective coping skills within the
academic curriculum," said Dr Noble.
"The greater someone's resilience, the less likely they are to relate to
others in a defensive or aggressive way. They are also more likely to
be able to 'bounce back' from stressful situations," she said.
Bullying is now recognised as a human rights issue and a serious
problem for everyone - for those who are bullied, for those who take
part in bullying and for teachers, parents and the communities in
which this antisocial and oppressive behaviour occurs. Bullying
Solutions provides practical advice to educators and others working
with children on the delivery of anti-bullying programs.

8.  http://youtu.be/W1g9RV9OKhg

9.  Hirsch, L. (Director). (2012). Bully [Motion Picture].
 Kidspot. (2013). Facts and Figures bout Bullying. Retrieved from Mums' School
Zone: file:///D:/Bullying%20in%20schools%20references.docx
 Rigby, K., & Slee, P. T. (1991). Bullying among Australian School Children:
Reported Behavior and Attitudes toward Victims. The Journal of Social
Psychology.
 TheEllenShow. (2012, September 10). YouTube. Retrieved from A bullied
student finds an inspiring Hero:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNC8ONjfFls
 Unknown. (2005, November 14). ACU Lecturer says resilience helps combat
school bullying. Retrieved from Catholic News:
http://cathnews.acu.edu.au/511/77.php
 Unknown. (2011, February 17). Social and Emotional Wellbeing: Bullying at
School. Retrieved from The Australian Bureau of Statistics:
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/lookup/4704.0Chapter460Oct+2
010
 Unknown. (2012, February 27). A definition of Bullying. Retrieved from NSW
Public Schools:
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/studentsupport/bullying/definition/index.ph
p
 Unknown. (2013, February 27). Bullying. Retrieved from Reach Out:
http://au.reachout.com/Bullying