The document defines bullying as the willful desire to hurt another person who is less powerful through repeated hurtful actions. Bullying involves a power imbalance and unjust use of power. It can cause long-term psychological and social damage to both victims and bullies. While both boys and girls can bully, boys are more likely to bully physically. Bullying is not just a normal part of childhood and can have severe consequences. Victims are often targeted due to perceived differences and bullying can cause fear, anxiety, depression and social avoidance in victims. Bystanders also affect bullying by encouraging or discouraging the bully through their reactions. Teachers should prevent bullying by removing rewards for bullies, intervening on behalf of victims,

1. Bullying

2. Definition "Bullying is the willful, conscious desire to hurt another and put him/her under stress" Tattum and Tattum (1992) “Repeated oppression, psychological or physical, of a less powerful person by a more powerful person". David Farrington (1993)

3. Components Desire to hurt Hurtful action A power imbalance Repetition (typically) Unjust use of power Evident enjoyment by the aggressor A sense of being oppressed on the part of the victim

4. Truths and Myths About Bullying… It’s just a phase. They’ll grow out of it. After all, kids will be kids. … adult bullying has come to be recognized as an epidemic of violence in our society…50% of the adult population has experienced this form of violence at work, at home, or in society (Cooper 2003) Bullying does not cause any long term damage… Sixty percent of male (physical) bullies will be arrested by age 24 (National Mental Health Association)

5. Truths and Myths About Bullying… Only boys are bullies. Bullies are both boys and girls. Boys bully more often and more physically than girls. Girls are more likely to use rejection and slander; ostracizing their targets. Bullying Affects Only the Bully and Victim… Some People Are Born Victims Who Will Always Be Picked On…a Victim Is Never a Bully.

6. Truths and Myths About Bullying… Bullying Is a Normal Part of Growing up; It’s the Same As It Has Always Been… School Violence Fatalities in 5 Year Increments (US)

7. Traits of Bullies Dominates others. Uses others to get what they want. Unwilling to negotiate. Has difficulty seeing a situation from another persons standpoint. Concerned only with theirown wants and pleasure. Unwilling to accept other peoples ideas.

8. Traits of Bullies Usually will hurt others when adults are not around. Targets only those who are weaker in some way. Does not accept responsibility for their actions. Lacks the foresight to consider the consequences of their actions. Blame, criticism and false allegations are used to project their own inadequacies onto their target.

9. Expectations 1. You are here to learn, I expect you to act like it. 2. I expect you to treat others as you would like to be treated. 3. I expect you to not interrupt anyone. 4. There are appropriate times to ask questions or to get things around the room, I expect you to know when those times are and act appropriately. 5. I expect you to not bully, intimidate, or disrespect anyone in this classroom. 6. I expect you to bring the appropriate materials to every class. 7. I expect you to follow the rules, and take care of your responsibilities in this class. 8. I expect you to be in control of your choices in this classroom.

10. When a Bully is Caught… Denies. Trivializes (his role in the event). Counters-attacks the other party. Claims to be the victim. Plays role reversal. Counts on support of bystanders and friends.

11. Teasing Vs. Taunting Teasing 1.Role reversal occurs naturally. 2. Not intended to hurt 3. Lighthearted, clever, benign 4. Humor for both parties to enjoy. 5. Just one part of many mutually enjoyed activities or connections. 6. Discontinued if objections to teasing 7. Innocent in motive Taunting 1. One sided – power imbalance 2. Intended to harm 3. Humiliating, cruel, demeaning, bigoted 4. Humor at target, not with target. 5. Fear of further taunting, or prelude to physical bullying. 6. Increases with objections or distress 7. Sinister in motive

12. Flirting Vs. Sexual Bullying Flirting Invites role reversal Not hurtful – expression of desire Intended to be flattering and complimentary Invites sexual attention Intended to make other feel wanted, attractive, and in control. Discontinued if the other person becomes upset, objects or is not interested. Sexual Bullying Based on power imbalance – one sided. Intended to harm, exploit degrade, demean. Invasive – intended to assert status of bully. Intended to violate boundaries of victim. Intended to make other feel rejected, ugly, powerless, and uncomfortable. Increases when other person becomes distressed or objects.

13. Victims Bullies frequently target kids that are different in some way… Appearance differences: Body size, clothing, skin color, hair, etc. Cultural or racial Socio-Economic Special Education Disabilities Homosexuality (or being perceived as)

14. Psychosocial Effects Fear, anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, insecurity, humiliation, isolation. School and social interaction avoidance. Social, academic, emotional development impaired; adjustments made with difficulty.

16. Ongoing or sudden illness

17. Inability to concentrate

18. Loss of interest in school

19. Argumentativeness

22. Effect of Bystanders on the Victim Amplifies the affects of the situation; increases… Humiliation Social effects (feelings of isolation etc.) One or more bystanders acting in behalf of victim substantially lessens the effects of the incident on the victim.

23. The Effect on Bystanders Desensitizes observers. Reduction in empathy and compassion. Decreases view of moral responsibilities to others (further societal impacts). Reduction of self respect and confidence. Fear of being next victim; particularly if the group allows or condones the behavior. Cruelty is distressing but also riveting.

24. Results… Observers are more likely to imitate or support the bully if he is seen as strong, daring, or popular. Usually there are not apparent consequences for the bullies actions. Behavior is often reinforced by approval, laughter, applause, or an elevated social standing. Apparent high level of rewards can break down intrinsic aversion to such anti-social behavior.

25. avoidance Successful group interactions. Friends Teaching bullies not to bully. Remove social rewards for bullies. Intercede on the behalf of victims.

26. Mr. Jordan We will be doing group work throughout the year. I will tolerate no bullying or apparent bullying of anyone in this class. We will be reviewing bullying throughout the year. I will believe you and work with you to solve any bullying problems in my room or in the school.