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MEASURES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

This document discusses measures of unemployment in India. It provides background on unemployment levels in India and some of the key reasons for unemployment, such as a rising population, lack of skilled candidates, and advanced technology reducing available jobs. It then outlines several policies and programs established by the Indian government to address unemployment, including MGNREGA, PMEGP, SGSY, and SJSRY. These programs aim to generate employment opportunities in rural and urban areas through self-employment initiatives and public works programs.

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MEASURES OF UNEMPLOYMENT Presented by:- VAIBHAV SINHA BBA(M2)
INTRODUCTION  Unemployment means a person willing to work but unable to find a qualified job. Our country is facing many problems but one of the serious problem is of unemployment. Many graduates, doctors, engineers, scientist are unemployed or working underemployed. Due to unemployment we are wasting our country’s human resource. *Every 6th person in the world is an Indian and every 3rd poor person in the world is also an Indian. *With Increase in the number of unemployed persons, Poverty expands. *The problems of unemployment and poverty in India is Very High which demands an immediate solution. *Till 5th Five Year Plan, no serious efforts were taken to solve the unemployment problem. *It was assumed that the gains of economic growth would percolate downwards and the inequalities would decline and problems of poverty and unemployment would get solved automatically.
Contd…  But after the Fifth Five Year Plan, removal of unemployment became as one of the important Objectives of economic planning in all five year plans. *In less developed countries economic growth generally benefits the elite groups and, as a result, economic Inequality grow. *India is facing the same problem of Inequalities.
REASONS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA  There are employment opportunities in India, but the rising population problem creates the unemployment. If the population grows in the same rate the next generation will face more problems of unemployment. If there is vacancy for 1 position 100 or 1000 apply for the position and only one gets the job and others remain unemployed. *Inflation *Indians don’t take jobs which are below their grades. Many find it difficult to work at the below qualification level job. *Many big industries look for the skilled candidates only, for their company. *Many Employers give preference to the experienced candidates only and not the fresher. *Not enough or new jobs: The number of new government jobs is decreasing every year. Government is not able to create enough jobs keeping in mind the Indian population.
Contd…  Slow business expansion  Advanced Technology: Earlier for a task hundreds or thousand people were required to do a work but now due to the advanced technology only one person can do many people’s work. With the advanced technology companies are hiring few persons to operate the machine. Give a command on computer and the work is done this has cut off the employment of many. *Corruption: In Government sector and in some private sector people get the job by giving the bribe. Even though the candidate is not that qualified but if he/she gives the bribe he/she gets the job. So to get a government job give a bribe. The qualified candidate remains unemployed as no money to give the bribe.
POLICIES TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT The MGNREGA ( Mahatma Gandhi National rural employment Guarantee Act )is designed to provide job guarantee for at least 100 days in rural parts of the country. through this scheme , all the adult members ( at least 18 years of age) of the any family in rural part of the country are given non- skilled work. The Mahatma Gandhi Nationwide Non- urban Career Assurance Act (MGNREGA) is an Indian job guarantee program, presented by regulation on Aug 25, 2005. The Indian Central Govt. Expenditure for program is about INR40, 000crs. (around US$7.24 billion) in financial year of 2010– 11.
Contd… Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) scheme was announced by Hon’ble Prime Minister of India on 15th August, 2008 in his address from Red Fort. The main aim of this policy is to:- 1. To generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in Rural and Urban areas of the country. 2. To provide continuous and sustainable employment to a large segment of traditional and prospective artisans, rural and urban unemployed youth in the country through setting up of micro enterprises. 3. To facilitate participation of financial institutions for higher credit flow to micro sector.
Contd… It is an initiative launched by the Government of India to provide sustainable income to poor people living in rural areas of the country. The scheme was launched on April 1, 1999. The SGSY aims at providing self- employment to villagers through the establishment of self-help groups. Activity clusters are established based on the aptitude and skill of the people which are nurtured to their maximum potential. Funds are provided by NGOs, banks and financial institutions. Since its inception, over 2.25 million Self- help groups have been established with an investment of Rs. 14,403crs, profiting over 6.697 million people.
Contd… The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) was launched on 01.12.1997 after subsuming the earlier three schemes for urban poverty alleviation, namely Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP), and Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme (PMIUPEP). The key objective of the Scheme is to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed or underemployed through the setting up of self- employment ventures or provision of wage employment.
MEASURES OF UNEMPLOYMENT