This document provides an overview of key aspects of building construction, including why buildings are needed, the construction process, design constraints, structural loads and elements. It discusses the main stages of construction including planning, design, tendering, and handover. It also identifies common construction materials like wood, steel, concrete, masonry and cement, outlining their structural properties and how they are impacted by factors like fire.

1. Aspects of Building Construction
By: Prakash Singh
Code:B2055R14001010
Guided by
Mr. Vishutosh Bajpai

2. Overview
Why do we need buildings?
Process of building construction
Constraints on building construction
Elements create building load
Forces delivered to Earth for building to
be structurally sound
Basic Components of building
Identification of Construction materials

3. Why do we need buildings?
 Safety- from natural hazards,animals,protection
from things detrimental to human health
 Recreational Purpose- Cinema hall, Markets,
Malls, Gaming Centre.
 Services-Hospitals ,Schools , Colleges.
 Day to day activities of human being food, sleep
,waste disposal
 We need services that provide
energy,communications,water and disposal of
wastes.
 We need less light by day and more light by night,
than is offered by the natural world.

4. Cyclic Process of building construction
 The main stages
are:
1. Planning
2. Design
3. Tendering
4. Construction Process
5. Handover
6. Evaluation

5. Constraints on building construction
 Health codes
 Fire codes
 Plumbing codes
 Electrical codes
 Building contractors and Labour Union Regulations

6. Elements create building load
Various loads are taken into account while
designing the foundation of a structure.
Two broad categories:
 Dead loads
 Live loads
Specific terms for dead loads and live loads:
 Concentrated load
 Distributed load
 Design load
 Undesigned load
 Fire load

7. Imposition of Loads
Loads must be transmitted to
structural elements.
Terms associated with imposition-
 Axial load
 Eccentric load
 Torsion load

8. Forces delivered to Earth for building to be structurally sound
Structural Elements
Building is an assembly of structural
elements designed to transfer loads to
the earth.
Can be defined simply as:
Beams
Columns
Walls
Connections

9. Beams
 Transfer loads
perpendicular to its
length.
 Types of beams
 Simple beam
 Continuous beam
 Cantilever beam
 Lintel
 Girder
 Joist
 Truss and purlin

10. Columns
Any structural component that transmits
a compressive force parallel through its
centre.
Typically support beams and other
columns
Generally vertical supports of building
Can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal

11. Walls
Really long, but slender column
Two categories-
-Load bearing walls
It carries weight of beams, other
walls,floors,roofs,other structural elements.
IT carries weight of the wall itself.
-Non-load bearing walls
Need only support its own weight. Example
are partition wall between two stores in a
strip mall.

12. Connections
Weak link as it relates to structural failure
during fires
 - Often small, low-mass material that
lacks capacity to absorb heat.
Three Categories-
 Pinned
 Rigid
 Gravity

13. Basic components of building
 1. SUPER-STRUCTURE
 2. SUBSTRUCTURE-
Plinth,D.P.C.,Walls and
columns,Floors,Beams,Slabs

14. Identification of Construction materials
Many factors determine which material is
used to form structural elements-
Cost
Application
Engineering capabilities
Adaptability
Each material react to fire in a different
way.

15. wood
 Most common building material
 Relatively inexpensive
 Marginal resistance to forces compared to weight.
 Native wood with more mass takes longer to burn
before strength is lost.
 Engineered wood
 Plywood delaminates when exposed to fire.
 Some composites fail through exposure to heat
without burning.

16. Steel
Mixture of carbon and iron ore.
Excellent tensile,shear strength.
Popular choice for-
Girders
Lintels
Cantilevered beams
Columns
Losses strength as temperature increase.

17. Concrete
Mixture of portland cement,sand,gravel
and water.
Excellent compressive strength.
All concrete contains some moisture.
Under heat,moisture expands and causes
concrete to crack .
Concrete can stay hot long after the fire is
out.

18. Masonry
Common term that refers to brick,concrete
block and stone.
Used to form load-bearing walls
Veneer wall supports its own weight.
Mortar holds units together and have little
or no tensile or shear strength.
Excellent fire resistive properties.

19. Cement
Mixture of calcium silicates and aluminium
silicates and aluminium ferrite.
It gives good compressive strength.
It has good setting time
It is hygroscopic material
We use as binding material.

20. THANK YOU