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Assignment
DRIVE FALL 2015
PROGRAM BSc IT
SEMESTER SIXTH
SEMESTER CODE & NAME BT9301, Computer Graphics
BK ID B0810
CREDIT 4
MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately
of 400 words. Each questionis followedbyevaluationscheme.
Q1. Draw and explainthe diagram of organizationof videocontroller.
Answer: A video display controller or VDC is an integrated circuit which is the main component in a
video signal generator, a device responsible for the production of a TV video signal in a computing or
game system.Some VDCsalsogenerate anaudiosignal,butthatisnot theirmainfunction.
VDCswere usedinthe home computersof the 1980s and alsoinsome earlyvideogame systems.
The VDC is the main component of the video signal generator logic, responsible for generating the
timing of video signals such as the horizontal and vertical synchronisation signals and the blanking
interval signal. Sometimes other supporting chips were necessary to build a complete system, such as
RAMto holdpixel data,ROMto holdcharacter fonts,

2. Q2 Write and explainmidpointcircle drawing algorithm.
Answer: Algorithm: The objective of the algorithm is to find a path through the pixel grid using pixels
which are as close as possible to solutions of x2
+ y2
= r2
. At each step, the path is extended by choosing
the adjacent pixel which satisfies x2
+ y2
<= r2
but maximizes x2
+ y2
. Since the candidate pixels are
adjacent, the arithmetic to calculate the latter expression is simplified, requiring only bit shifts and
additions.
Q3 What do you mean by polygonfilling?Explainfloodfill algorithmfor polygon filling.
Answer: Algorithm that determines the area connected to a given node in a multi-dimensional array. It
is used in the "bucket" fill tool of paint programs to determine which parts of a bitmap to fill with color,
and in puzzle games such as Minesweeper, Puyo Puyo, Lumines, Samegame and Magical Drop for
determining which pieces are cleared. When applied on an image to fill a particular bounded area with
color,it isalsoknownas boundaryfill.
Alternative ImprovedAlgorithm
Q4 Write Liang Barkey’s line clippingalgorithm.Write advantages of it.
Answer: Applet displays result of Liang-Barsky's Line Clipping Algorithm solution. There is initial line and
clipping rectangle projected. The clipped part of initial line is highlighted by bolder and more contrast
color. Interactivity affords to change parameters (positions of outer points and cornes) of initial line and
clippingrectangle comfortablyusingmouse functionality:
 Findingandmarkingclosestflexiblepoint

3. Q5. What do you meanby projection?Explainparallel projectionand perspective projection.
Answer: projection is 'formed' on the view plane (planar geometric projection) rays (projectors)
projected from the center of projection pass through each point of the models and intersect projection
plane.
Since everything is synthetic, the projection plane can be in front of the models, inside the models, or
behindthe models.
Main types:perspective projectionand parallel projection.
Parallel projection
Q6. Derive the 3-D transformation matrix to transform world coordinatesto viewingcoordinates.
Answer: Answer: A method of computing the 3D viewing transformation which transforms the right-
hand world coordinate system to left-hand eye coordinate system is presented. he initial viewing
parameters are choosen so as to be able to give an unrestricted view of the scene. In practice, however,
some simplificationsare mostoftenusedasdefaultviewingparameters.
The projectionplane,showninFigure 1,hasthe
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