This document summarizes information about the Mont-Cenis Academy building project in Herne, Germany. The building uses building integrated solar energy systems, including the world's largest building integrated photovoltaic power plant of 1 megawatt. The photovoltaic cells are integrated into the roof and facade, covering 10,000 square meters. A large glass envelope creates a mild microclimate inside and the solar systems reduce energy consumption for ventilation and heating.

1. Building Integrated
Solar Energy
Building Services I [BLD 60403]
Lecturer : Ms. Lim Tze Shwan

2. Group Members:
PANG KAI YUN
SAM WEI YIN
TRACE GEW YEE
YEO KAI WEN
AUDREY TING
CHOW KAH YIEN
LIM ZI SHAN
CHONG HUI XIN
0319802
0320364
0320269
0319844
0320247
0320300
0320372
0329363

3. Solar Energy

4. What is Solar Energy?
❏ The most precise of Solar energy is the energy
from the sun.
❏ A renewable source of energy that is sustainable ,
clean, no emission, reliable & inexhaustible
❏ The solar energy are distinguished into active and
passive

5. Passive Solar Energy
❏ Uses the heat from the sun
❏ Convert the sunlight directly into useful energy without
involving in any mechanical devices
❏ It involves in designing architecture which capture and
store the heat radiated from the sun
❏ Mainly practice on using window, building placement or
other techniques to capture and deflect the sun for uses

6. Active Solar Energy
❏ Used sun’s irradiance
❏ Converts the sunlight directly into useful energy such as
electricity with the use of mechanical devices
❏ Use the same principle as passive solar heating except
using fluid to absorb the heat
❏ Use the solar energy to heat the fluid or liquid then
transfer the heat to interior space or store in storage for
later used

7. Photovoltaics
❏ Solar electricity system used to capture the sunlight or
sun’s energy using photovoltaics cells.
❏ Convert sunlight to electricity energy
❏ Mostly installed on the rooftop due to the space of the
exposure is directly to the sun
❏ Examples of the appliances:
- Solar Electricity
- Photovoltaic solar lighting

8. Solar photovoltaics classification system
❏ There are three main types of photovoltaics systems :
- Grid-Tie System / Grid Direct
- Off Grid System
- Hybrid System

9. Grid Tie (Battery free) / Grid Direct System

10. Off Grid / Stand-Alone System

11. Hybrid Solar / Grid Tie with battery backup

12. Solar panel
❏ Is indispensable component for this system
❏ Has the responsible to collect the solar radiation (sunlight) to
electricity
❏ Is array of several solar cell such as photovoltaics
❏ The main types of solar panels based on the types of crystal used:
Monocrystalline silicon cell
Polycrystalline silicon cell
Amorphous silicon cell

13. Types of solar panel
(Amorphous)

14. Solar Thermal
❏ Also known as solar heating system
❏ Is used to convert the sunlight to heat energy to
provide the heat to home.
❏ Does not act as the same function as photovoltaic that
convert the sunlight to electricity, but it transfer the
energy to hot water
❏ Majority used in space heating, drying & hot water
heating

15. Active solar water heating
❏ Have circulating pumps & control

16. ❏ There are 2 types of solar water heating system :
1. Direct circulation
- Circulate the household water through the
collector
2. Indirect circulation
- Circulate heat transfer fluid through the collector
- Popular in climate prone to freezing temperature
Active Solar Water Heating

17. Direct & Indirect Circulation
Direct Circulation Indirect Circulation

18. Passive Solar Water Heating
❏ Don’t have circulating & pump control
❏ Typically less expensive than active
❏ Can be last longer
❏ There are two types of passive solar water heating:
1. Integral collector storage passive system
2. Thermosyphon system

19. Passive Solar Water Heating

20. Solar Thermal Collector
❏ Collects heats by absorbing sunlight
❏ Collector is a device for capturing the solar
radiation
❏ The main component for solar thermal collector is
the absorber plate

21. Types of Solar Collector
❏ There are two types of solar collector :
FLAT PLATE SOLAR
COLLECTOR
EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR
COLLECTOR

22. Installation

23. Consideration before Installation :
❏ Amount of sun exposure through the year
❏ Shading
❏ Position of solar panel
❏ Types of solar panel
❏ Number of solar panel

24. Types of solar installation
❏ Pitched-roof Mount
- Flush mount
- Angle mount
- Fin mount
❏ Flat-roof Mount
- Attached mount
- Ballasted mount
- Hybrid mount

25. ❏ Flush mount
- the cheapest and most simple solar panel mounting
solution
- typically used with small solar arrays on rooftops
- can install at the slope of any roof.
Pitch-roof Mount

26. ❏ Angle mount
- Typically done on a roof with a lower pitch
- Higher efficiency for the PV system
Pitch-roof Mount

27. ❏ Fin mount
- Suitable for shallow roof pitches where the roofs
slope to the east and west
- Need more roof area than others
Pitch-roof Mount

28. ❏ Attached mount
- relies on roof surface penetrations and
connections to the framing
Flat-roof Mount

29. ❏ Ballasted mount
- Rely solely on the weight of the array, racking
system and additional material, like concrete
paver, to hold the array to the roof
- Does not require penetration
Flat-roof Mount

30. ❏ Hybrid mount
- Combination of ballasted and structural
attachments
- Requires a minimum number of penetrations and
some level of ballasting.
Flat-roof Mount

31. Application

32. Roof
Solar Panel
Single-piece solar rooftop
Solar roof shingles
❏ Most common way to install solar panel
❏ Mounted above and parallel to the roof
surface and installed facing north-south
orientation
❏ Replace the roofing material or the roof
itself to become part of the roof's
structure

33. Facade
❏ Exterior sides of buildings
❏ Less access to the direct sunlight than rooftop systems,
but offer a larger available area
GENyO Building, Spanish
FEMSA (Coca-cola) headquarters,
Monterrey, Mexico

34. Skylight
❏ Roof windows
❏ Provide natural illumination to achieve solar control by filtering
effect to avoid infrared and UV irradiation into the interior
❏ Enhance thermal comfort
❏ Avoid interior aging
Viracopos International Airport, São
Paulo, Brazil
Norvatis Headquarters, East Hanover, New
Jersey

35. Curtain Wall
❏ Outer covering of a building
❏ Non-structural cladding systems for the external walls
Azurmendi restaurant, Bizkaia, Spain Guadalhorce Valley Rural Development
Group (GDR) Headquarters, Spain

36. Canopy
❏ A roof like covering that provides shade or shelter
❏ Have a higher performance because it is usually free
from overshadowing and are easy to ventilate
Bart Station, San Francisco Arcadia University, Pennsylvania, USA

37. Awnings
❏ Keep the unwanted direct rays of the sun out of your
eyes while absorbing them to create electricity
❏ The angle of awnings can be adjusted to best capture
and block the rays of the sun depending on the season

38. Balustrade
❏ Have large amount
❏ Enhanced the facade design whilst ensuring safety of
the occupants
❏ Allowing good visibility whilst protecting privacy
Großhadern Clinic, Munich, Germany

39. Function :
❏ Sun protection
❏ Architectural design
❏ Thermal Control
❏ Thermal insulation
❏ Weather protection
❏ Sound insulation

40. Maintenance

41. General Knowledge of Maintenance:
❏ No shading area
❏ Installed the panel 15° from horizontal
❏ Check and record the electric output once a month
❏ Visually inspect should be done once a year
❏ Clean the array once a year

42. ❏ Can be cleaned
by using water
Battery
❏ Ensure the surface of
the battery is clean
❏ Check the electrolyte
level of the battery
❏ Check the voltage of
the battery
Inverter
❏ Minimize the
accumulation of dust
❏ Check condition of
the inverter.
❏ Check wire
connection
❏ Check temperature of
the inverter
Solar Panel
Photovoltaic System

43. Solar Thermal System
❏ Keep it clean
❏ Ensure the glazing not
cracked or become
yellow
❏ Visually check the
panel at certain time.
❏ Make sure the fastener
is in good condition.
Pressure Valve
❏ Ensure the opening
can function
properly.
Pumper
❏ Ensure the pumper
is in good condition
Solar Collector

44. Piping, duct and insulator
❏ leaking or damage to the pipe
Heat transfer fluids
❏make sure the antifreeze solution was replaced frequently.
Wire
❏check the connection of the wire
Mineral content
❏check the mineral content of the water supply
Storage tank
❏Ensure the tank had no crack, leak, rust or corrosion
Solar Thermal System

45. Case Study

46. Mont-Cenis Academy

47. Introduction
Location:
Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia,
Germany
Owner:
EMC, Ministry of Interiors of North
Rhine-Westphalia, Herne
Architect:
Jourda, Paris; Hegger Hegger and
Schleif, Kassel
Client:
EMC Mont-Cenis with Gilles Perraudin
and HHS

48. Introduction
Area:
7,100 m² usable interior building
11,700 m²; 13,000 m² greenhouse
Schedule:
Competition in 1992
Construction 1997 - 1999
Construction Cost:
51,130,000 € (1999 value)

49. Location Site Plan
Elevation

50. History
❏It is a former coal mine of Mont-Cenis in
Sodingen, a quarter of Herne, the academy
Mont-Cenis
❏This building was opened in August 1999
❏The glass hall causes a shift of the climate
inside to higher temperatures compared to the
climate outside during the cold seasons
❏The world’s largest building integrated
photovoltaic power plant with one megawatt
peak output

51. Photovoltaic System
PV Product: BIPV on roof and facade
Size: 1 MWp
Projected System Electrical Output: 750,000 kWh/yr
Gross PV Surface Area: 10,000 m2
PV Weight: 130 kg per each 3.2 m2 module
PV Cell Type: Polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon
PV Efficiency: 12.8% to 16%

52. How Solar Photovoltaic Work:
During summer:
1. Doors open for natural ventilation
2. Hot air rises and escapes through open roof lights drawing fresh air into
lower level of building
3. Photovoltaic cells produce energy
4. Photovoltaic cells
5. Fresh air is drawn in from shaded areas outside of glass house
6. Vegetation and water features shade and evaporatively cool Glass house
7. Fresh air drawn in through underground air duct

53. How Solar Photovoltaic Work:
During winter:
1. Wind deflected from Glass house
2. Heat reclaimed from exhausted air
3. Fresh air drawn in
4. Glass house heated by sun and by heat loss from buildings
5. Glass house protects microclimate from noise
6. Fresh air drawn in through underground air duct

54. Glass envelope
❏ Creates a climatic shift in summer and winter
❏ Keeps out the wind and rain and creates a garden-
like interior with a mild micro-climate
❏ No need absolute weatherproofed against wind
and rain
Ventilation and heating systems
❏ Reduces the energy consumption
❏ Ventilation of the glass envelope is controlled
automatically from a central position
❏ Meteorological station and sensor supply climate
data
- Prevents overheating in summer, the roof
and façade elements can opened variably
- Hot days, doors in lower façade can be
opened
- Shadows of the trees and the cooling effect
of waterfall and fountains are used
- Air is naturally cooled or heated during very
hot or cold periods
Passive Solar Energy Used:

55. ❏ PV modules and glass panes lay on aluminium profiles
❏ Held in place with aluminium pressure plates and glued to
aluminium profiles
❏ Vertical PV-and-glass facade as structural glazing facade
❏ Aluminium profiles are mounted on the wooden substructure
❏ Specially composed for this project by Wicona Bausysteme
❏ Interconnecting plugs and cabling are arranged in the aluminium
profile
❏ It is to hold PV modules and glass panes into place
❏ Invisible and protected against weather conditions and UV rays
❏ Plug is not thicker than the 4mm glass pane therefore fits well in
the rebate
❏ Cuts down installation time and cost
PV panels interspersed with the
open glass of the roof link.
Installation Design:

56. Advantages & Disadvantages

57. Advantages :
1. Renewable and
Environment
Friendly
Solar energy is a
renewable energy
that is generated
from natural
processes and are
continuously
replenished.
2. Cost Savings
Putting solar panels
on our roof is likely
to save our money
by reducing
dependence on the
size of the solar
system and our
electricity or heat
usage.
5. Silent
This solar panel
produces silent
energy by
converting the
sunlight into usable
electricity. So there
is no sound
pollution effect to
the surrounding
area.
4. Low
Maintenance
The solar energy
systems can be used
for a long period of
time as the rain will
wash off any
accumulated dust
or particles.
3. Easy to install
It can be installed
on almost any size
or shape of the roof
without the
stringent
installation
requirements of a
traditional solar
energy system.

58. Disadvantages :
2. Site suitability
A good location can
generate more solar
energy from the
sun.
3. Initial Cost
The starting cost of
purchasing and
installing solar
panels is expensive.
4. Installation Area
Solar panel
installation may not
require a huge
space for home
users as it can
install on rooftops.
5. Inefficiency
Solar panels only
have a 40%
efficiency rate of
sunlight which is
absorbed by solar
panels. The other
60% of the sunlight
gets wasted and is
not harnessed.
1. Availability of
Sunlight
Solar energy cannot
produce during
night time, it is only
capable of
producing power
during the daytime
where there is
sunlight.

59. Possible Problem to the System

60. If the waterproof barrier between
the house and outdoor is
penetrated, water penetration can
cause rotting and molding.
When there are solar panels on your roof,
cutting the power does not eliminate the
hazardous voltages present at the string
ends because the solar panel cannot easily
be switched off and will continue to
operate even when damaged.
1.Roof Penetration
2. Risk to a firemen during fire

61. Improperly integrated currents
can cause electrical fire and
electrocution dangers.
If the solar installation is poorly planned, the
loading could weaken the supporting structure
of the house and cause a roof collapse.
Anchors can be pulled out of the building if there
are improperly mounted and will create a small
entry for moisture to penetrate which will lead to
mold growth and rotting problems
3. Electrical hazard
4. Snow loads
5. Wind loads

62. Solar panels also require maintenance and
upgrades and performance will reduce each
year.
During the installation, if a solar panel breakdown
it has to be substituted with module of similar
electrical characteristics.
6. Solar cells are not long lasting and system
must be replaced after 25 years
7. Retrofit and long term fault tolerance

63. Recommendations for Future
Improvement

64. If the costs are lower than before, soon the
homeowners will be wondering why they are paying
so much for electricity bill when they could get it from
the sun for a fraction of the cost and start installing
solar panels in their house.
More efficient semiconductors need to be discovered to
increase the efficiency of energy conversion. Low toxicity
chemicals and materials can be used in manufacturing
solar panels.
By shading a façade system panel provide a
passive way to limit excessive solar gains.
1. Reduce the cost of Solar Panels
2. New advances in technology
3. Shading

65. Thank You !