1) The document discusses the Achilidae planthopper family, which is found worldwide and divided into 3 supertribes and 13 tribes. 2) New fossils of Achilidae tribes were discovered in Burmese amber, including a new tribe related to Myconites that helps clarify relationships between tribes. 3) The placement of some tribes thought to be "crown" groups is now in question based on the amber fossils, which suggest some groups existed earlier than previously believed.
The document discusses the classification of organisms in biology. It explains that biologists classify organisms to make it easier to identify them and find information about them, and to show evolutionary relationships. There are eight main levels of classification that go from the most general to the most specific, including: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The document provides examples of how an organism like humans would be classified through these different levels. It also discusses how classification has historically focused on visible similarities but now focuses more on evolutionary relationships through analysis of DNA, embryology, and homologous structures.
1) This document discusses the early attempts at classifying organisms and outlines the seven main classification groups (kingdom, phylum, etc.).
2) It then provides descriptions of the main kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plant, and Animal. Within the Animal Kingdom, it describes the characteristics of nine phyla.
3) The classification of living things into taxonomical groups from kingdom to species helps organize the millions of existing species into a coherent system based on evolutionary relationships and physical/biological similarities.
The document discusses the history and development of biological classification systems. It describes Aristotle's original two-kingdom system and how Linnaeus expanded on this to develop binomial nomenclature and classify organisms based on similar properties. It then outlines Robert Whittaker's five-kingdom system, which divided organisms into the kingdoms Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Tables are provided listing examples of organisms from each kingdom. Students are instructed to work in groups to complete a classification table.
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies organisms into a hierarchical system of groups based on similarities. There are three domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Within Eukarya are kingdoms including Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. Taxonomy groups species into increasingly specific taxonomic ranks like domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name for a species includes its genus and specific epithet.
The document discusses the six kingdoms of life: Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It provides details on the distinguishing characteristics of each kingdom, such as Archaea thriving in extreme environments, Bacteria having cell walls made of peptidoglycans or amino sugars, Protista being generally unicellular and eukaryotic, Fungi having cell walls made of chitin and decomposing organic matter, Plantae having cell walls made of cellulose and performing photosynthesis, and Animalia being multicellular and lacking cell walls. The document also compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as plant and animal cells
This document describes four new species of Clavicornaltica, a genus of tiny flea beetles. Two new species, C. dali and C. longsheng, are described from China, while C. tamdao and C. vietnamensis are described from Vietnam. Descriptions of the wing and metathorax of Clavicornaltica are also provided for the first time. A key is presented to differentiate the four new species. Male genitalia are illustrated for one known species.
This document discusses the levels of body organization, characteristics, and evolution of metazoans (multicellular animals). It covers:
1) The different levels of body organization in animals, from the protoplasmic to organ system levels. Metazoans range from the cellular to organ system levels.
2) Key characteristics of metazoans, including multicellularity, embryonic development through a blastula stage, larger size, locomotion abilities, cephalization, and specialized cell types.
3) Classification of metazoans based on features like symmetry, developmental patterns, body cavity formation, and theories on their origin and evolution from the unicellular stage.
Animal are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that exhibit several key characteristics. They are heterotrophs, undergo sexual reproduction with diploid dominance, are multicellular eukaryotes that lack cell walls, and possess unique tissues like nervous and muscle. Their bodies are made of cells grouped into tissues that carry out specialized functions. Early development involves cleavage of the zygote followed by formation of a blastula and then gastrulation to form germ layers.
The document discusses the classification of organisms in biology. It explains that biologists classify organisms to make it easier to identify them and find information about them, and to show evolutionary relationships. There are eight main levels of classification that go from the most general to the most specific, including: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The document provides examples of how an organism like humans would be classified through these different levels. It also discusses how classification has historically focused on visible similarities but now focuses more on evolutionary relationships through analysis of DNA, embryology, and homologous structures.
1) This document discusses the early attempts at classifying organisms and outlines the seven main classification groups (kingdom, phylum, etc.).
2) It then provides descriptions of the main kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plant, and Animal. Within the Animal Kingdom, it describes the characteristics of nine phyla.
3) The classification of living things into taxonomical groups from kingdom to species helps organize the millions of existing species into a coherent system based on evolutionary relationships and physical/biological similarities.
The document discusses the history and development of biological classification systems. It describes Aristotle's original two-kingdom system and how Linnaeus expanded on this to develop binomial nomenclature and classify organisms based on similar properties. It then outlines Robert Whittaker's five-kingdom system, which divided organisms into the kingdoms Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Tables are provided listing examples of organisms from each kingdom. Students are instructed to work in groups to complete a classification table.
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies organisms into a hierarchical system of groups based on similarities. There are three domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Within Eukarya are kingdoms including Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. Taxonomy groups species into increasingly specific taxonomic ranks like domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name for a species includes its genus and specific epithet.
The document discusses the six kingdoms of life: Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It provides details on the distinguishing characteristics of each kingdom, such as Archaea thriving in extreme environments, Bacteria having cell walls made of peptidoglycans or amino sugars, Protista being generally unicellular and eukaryotic, Fungi having cell walls made of chitin and decomposing organic matter, Plantae having cell walls made of cellulose and performing photosynthesis, and Animalia being multicellular and lacking cell walls. The document also compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as plant and animal cells
This document describes four new species of Clavicornaltica, a genus of tiny flea beetles. Two new species, C. dali and C. longsheng, are described from China, while C. tamdao and C. vietnamensis are described from Vietnam. Descriptions of the wing and metathorax of Clavicornaltica are also provided for the first time. A key is presented to differentiate the four new species. Male genitalia are illustrated for one known species.
This document discusses the levels of body organization, characteristics, and evolution of metazoans (multicellular animals). It covers:
1) The different levels of body organization in animals, from the protoplasmic to organ system levels. Metazoans range from the cellular to organ system levels.
2) Key characteristics of metazoans, including multicellularity, embryonic development through a blastula stage, larger size, locomotion abilities, cephalization, and specialized cell types.
3) Classification of metazoans based on features like symmetry, developmental patterns, body cavity formation, and theories on their origin and evolution from the unicellular stage.
Animal are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that exhibit several key characteristics. They are heterotrophs, undergo sexual reproduction with diploid dominance, are multicellular eukaryotes that lack cell walls, and possess unique tissues like nervous and muscle. Their bodies are made of cells grouped into tissues that carry out specialized functions. Early development involves cleavage of the zygote followed by formation of a blastula and then gastrulation to form germ layers.
This document describes two new octocoral taxa found in the Indo-Pacific region:
1) Acrossota amboinensis, which was originally described as Clavularia amboinensis and has tentacles that lack pinnules. It is confirmed to belong to the genus Acrossota through examination of the holotype specimen and comparison to recently collected material.
2) Knopia octocontacanalis, a new genus and species that resembles Acrossota in form but has tentacles shaped like canoe paddles with pinnules fused along the sides.
DNA analysis supports retaining Acrossota in its own family (Acrossotidae) rather than grouping it with Clavulariidae as
Circumscription of a monophyletic family for the tapaculos (aves rhinocryptid...herculanoalvarenga
This article examines the phylogenetic relationships and systematic placement of two genera - Melanopareia and Psilorhamphus - within the family Rhinocryptidae (tapaculos). Molecular analysis shows that while Psilorhamphus is nested within Rhinocryptidae, Melanopareia falls outside of that clade. As a result, a new family is erected for Melanopareia to accurately reflect its distinct evolutionary history. The article also reviews the complex taxonomic history of classifying these two problematic genera among tapaculos and related bird groups.
This document summarizes the evolution of early placental mammals from the Paleocene to Eocene epochs. It discusses:
1) The origin of placental mammals, which emerged after the extinction of dinosaurs and evolved from more primitive mammals, though their early evolution is not well-documented in the fossil record.
2) The characteristics of early placental mammals, including their dental formula and morphology of upper and lower molars.
3) How the "tritubercular" upper molars of early placenthals likely evolved into both the grinding molars of herbivores and the shearing/crushing dentitions of carnivores over time.
The document discusses the four main groups of reptiles: crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and snakes. It provides details on their defining characteristics, habitats, behaviors, and evolution. Key points include:
1) Reptiles lay amniotic eggs which enabled their success on land by protecting the embryo and facilitating gas exchange.
2) The four living clades of reptiles are crocodiles, tuataras, lizards and snakes (Squamata), and turtles (Testudines).
3) Traditional and cladistic taxonomic classifications disagree on whether birds and mammals should be considered reptiles.
Arthropods emerged near the base of the Cambrian period based on early trace fossils and body fossils from the Cambrian. Molecular evidence indicates arthropods are monophyletic and part of the Ecdysozoa clade. Key insights include hexapods being crustaceans rather than allies of myriapods, and lobopodians representing stem lineages rather than relatives of onychophorans. The diversity of Cambrian lobopodians and anomalocaridids sheds light on the stem group leading to crown-group euarthropods.
Biology 220 Species Research_Paper with CitationsApril Clark
1) The document provides an overview of the Eastern milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum), including its taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, behavior, habitat, and methods to distinguish it from similar snakes like the Eastern coral snake.
2) Key points include that milk snakes are nonvenomous colubrid snakes that can grow up to 4 feet long. They come in blotched or banded color phases and have distinct markings on their head and underside.
3) Milk snakes lay clutches of 4-16 eggs and are not cared for by parents after hatching. They eat small animals and regulate their body temperature through habitat selection like open fields and forest edges.
The document discusses the goals and development of binomial nomenclature and biological classification systems. It explains that Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-part naming system for species and a hierarchical taxonomy with seven levels from kingdom to species. The taxonomy aims to organize living things into groups based on anatomical similarities and evolutionary relationships. Problems can arise when classifications rely only on outward appearances rather than evolutionary lineages.
The document discusses the goals and development of binomial nomenclature and scientific classification systems. It explains that Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-word naming system for species and a hierarchical taxonomy with seven levels (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species). The taxonomy aims to organize living and fossil species into meaningful groups based on anatomical similarities and evolutionary relationships. However, traditional classification based only on outward similarities has limitations that modern schemes seek to address.
Mammals are classified into 5420 species within 152 families and 29 orders. The two subclasses are Prototheria and Theria. Prototheria contains monotremes like platypuses and echidnas that lay eggs. Theria contains marsupials in the infraclass Metatheria that give birth to immature young developing further in pouches, and placentals in Eutheria that give live birth to mature young. Marsupials include opossums and kangaroos, while placentals make up the majority of mammal species and include humans, whales, bats and more. Classification systems continue to evolve as new genetic and fossil evidence is discovered.
Marine flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical, acoelomate animals found in benthic marine habitats like reefs and lagoons. They have a dorsoventrally flattened body and lack circulatory and respiratory systems. Most are hermaphrodites that reproduce sexually. The phylum includes three classes: Turbellaria (free-living flatworms), Trematoda (flukes) and Cestoda (tapeworms). Polyclad flatworms make up the order Polycladida and have a highly branched gut and pharynx plicatus. They feed mainly on ascidians and crustaceans. Many species exhibit bright warning colors and mimic
This document discusses various theories on the evolutionary origins of angiosperms (flowering plants). It describes several plant groups that have been proposed as possible ancestors of angiosperms, including Bennettitales, Gnetales, Isoetales, Coniferales, Pteridosperms, Pentoxylales, and Caytoniales. However, the document finds issues with considering each of these groups as the direct ancestors, due to morphological differences between their reproductive structures and those of angiosperms. No consensus exists on the exact ancestors of angiosperms. The last part of the document also describes but does not endorse the "Durian Theory" proposing the tropical fruit Durio zibethinus as a model for primitive
Demosponges are the most diverse group of sponges, comprising over 90% of known sponge species. They have skeletons made of silica spicules and/or fibers and come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and habitats. Demosponge systematics is still being researched, but they can be divided into the subclasses Homoscleromorpha, Tetractinomorpha, and Ceractinomorpha based on characteristics like larval type, skeleton composition, and spicule structure. Demosponges originated in the Cambrian period and are found worldwide, though some orders have more limited distributions.
This document provides an overview of macroevolution, including how it differs from microevolution, the concept of species and speciation, mechanisms of reproductive isolation that lead to speciation (prezygotic and postzygotic barriers), examples of adaptive radiation and allopatric speciation, the role of fossils and geological time in understanding evolution, mechanisms of mass extinction (continental drift and meteorite impacts), and how molecular evidence from DNA is used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
The document discusses Trilobites, an extinct group of arthropods that were abundant in the early Paleozoic era. It covers their general morphology, evolutionary trends over time, youngest fossil records in the Permian period, and geological distribution. Trilobites first appeared in the Cambrian period and went extinct in the Permian extinction event. They evolved from small creatures with simple features to larger forms with complex anatomies. Only five genera persisted until the end of the Permian period. Trilobites provide useful fossils for correlating strata between continents.
This document provides an overview of the taxonomy and species of pythons found in New Guinea. It begins with an introduction to the geography and environment of New Guinea. It then discusses the taxonomic challenges around classifying New Guinea python species, with debate around whether certain species belong to the genera Python, Liasis, or Morelia. The document focuses on 5 python species found in New Guinea - Morelia amethistina, Morelia boeleni, Morelia spilotes, Liasis papuanus, and Chondropython viridis. For each species, it provides details on physical characteristics, range, ecology and examples of encounters with the species.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
This document describes two new octocoral taxa found in the Indo-Pacific region:
1) Acrossota amboinensis, which was originally described as Clavularia amboinensis and has tentacles that lack pinnules. It is confirmed to belong to the genus Acrossota through examination of the holotype specimen and comparison to recently collected material.
2) Knopia octocontacanalis, a new genus and species that resembles Acrossota in form but has tentacles shaped like canoe paddles with pinnules fused along the sides.
DNA analysis supports retaining Acrossota in its own family (Acrossotidae) rather than grouping it with Clavulariidae as
Circumscription of a monophyletic family for the tapaculos (aves rhinocryptid...herculanoalvarenga
This article examines the phylogenetic relationships and systematic placement of two genera - Melanopareia and Psilorhamphus - within the family Rhinocryptidae (tapaculos). Molecular analysis shows that while Psilorhamphus is nested within Rhinocryptidae, Melanopareia falls outside of that clade. As a result, a new family is erected for Melanopareia to accurately reflect its distinct evolutionary history. The article also reviews the complex taxonomic history of classifying these two problematic genera among tapaculos and related bird groups.
This document summarizes the evolution of early placental mammals from the Paleocene to Eocene epochs. It discusses:
1) The origin of placental mammals, which emerged after the extinction of dinosaurs and evolved from more primitive mammals, though their early evolution is not well-documented in the fossil record.
2) The characteristics of early placental mammals, including their dental formula and morphology of upper and lower molars.
3) How the "tritubercular" upper molars of early placenthals likely evolved into both the grinding molars of herbivores and the shearing/crushing dentitions of carnivores over time.
The document discusses the four main groups of reptiles: crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and snakes. It provides details on their defining characteristics, habitats, behaviors, and evolution. Key points include:
1) Reptiles lay amniotic eggs which enabled their success on land by protecting the embryo and facilitating gas exchange.
2) The four living clades of reptiles are crocodiles, tuataras, lizards and snakes (Squamata), and turtles (Testudines).
3) Traditional and cladistic taxonomic classifications disagree on whether birds and mammals should be considered reptiles.
Arthropods emerged near the base of the Cambrian period based on early trace fossils and body fossils from the Cambrian. Molecular evidence indicates arthropods are monophyletic and part of the Ecdysozoa clade. Key insights include hexapods being crustaceans rather than allies of myriapods, and lobopodians representing stem lineages rather than relatives of onychophorans. The diversity of Cambrian lobopodians and anomalocaridids sheds light on the stem group leading to crown-group euarthropods.
Biology 220 Species Research_Paper with CitationsApril Clark
1) The document provides an overview of the Eastern milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum), including its taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, behavior, habitat, and methods to distinguish it from similar snakes like the Eastern coral snake.
2) Key points include that milk snakes are nonvenomous colubrid snakes that can grow up to 4 feet long. They come in blotched or banded color phases and have distinct markings on their head and underside.
3) Milk snakes lay clutches of 4-16 eggs and are not cared for by parents after hatching. They eat small animals and regulate their body temperature through habitat selection like open fields and forest edges.
The document discusses the goals and development of binomial nomenclature and biological classification systems. It explains that Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-part naming system for species and a hierarchical taxonomy with seven levels from kingdom to species. The taxonomy aims to organize living things into groups based on anatomical similarities and evolutionary relationships. Problems can arise when classifications rely only on outward appearances rather than evolutionary lineages.
The document discusses the goals and development of binomial nomenclature and scientific classification systems. It explains that Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-word naming system for species and a hierarchical taxonomy with seven levels (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species). The taxonomy aims to organize living and fossil species into meaningful groups based on anatomical similarities and evolutionary relationships. However, traditional classification based only on outward similarities has limitations that modern schemes seek to address.
Mammals are classified into 5420 species within 152 families and 29 orders. The two subclasses are Prototheria and Theria. Prototheria contains monotremes like platypuses and echidnas that lay eggs. Theria contains marsupials in the infraclass Metatheria that give birth to immature young developing further in pouches, and placentals in Eutheria that give live birth to mature young. Marsupials include opossums and kangaroos, while placentals make up the majority of mammal species and include humans, whales, bats and more. Classification systems continue to evolve as new genetic and fossil evidence is discovered.
Marine flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical, acoelomate animals found in benthic marine habitats like reefs and lagoons. They have a dorsoventrally flattened body and lack circulatory and respiratory systems. Most are hermaphrodites that reproduce sexually. The phylum includes three classes: Turbellaria (free-living flatworms), Trematoda (flukes) and Cestoda (tapeworms). Polyclad flatworms make up the order Polycladida and have a highly branched gut and pharynx plicatus. They feed mainly on ascidians and crustaceans. Many species exhibit bright warning colors and mimic
This document discusses various theories on the evolutionary origins of angiosperms (flowering plants). It describes several plant groups that have been proposed as possible ancestors of angiosperms, including Bennettitales, Gnetales, Isoetales, Coniferales, Pteridosperms, Pentoxylales, and Caytoniales. However, the document finds issues with considering each of these groups as the direct ancestors, due to morphological differences between their reproductive structures and those of angiosperms. No consensus exists on the exact ancestors of angiosperms. The last part of the document also describes but does not endorse the "Durian Theory" proposing the tropical fruit Durio zibethinus as a model for primitive
Demosponges are the most diverse group of sponges, comprising over 90% of known sponge species. They have skeletons made of silica spicules and/or fibers and come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and habitats. Demosponge systematics is still being researched, but they can be divided into the subclasses Homoscleromorpha, Tetractinomorpha, and Ceractinomorpha based on characteristics like larval type, skeleton composition, and spicule structure. Demosponges originated in the Cambrian period and are found worldwide, though some orders have more limited distributions.
This document provides an overview of macroevolution, including how it differs from microevolution, the concept of species and speciation, mechanisms of reproductive isolation that lead to speciation (prezygotic and postzygotic barriers), examples of adaptive radiation and allopatric speciation, the role of fossils and geological time in understanding evolution, mechanisms of mass extinction (continental drift and meteorite impacts), and how molecular evidence from DNA is used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
The document discusses Trilobites, an extinct group of arthropods that were abundant in the early Paleozoic era. It covers their general morphology, evolutionary trends over time, youngest fossil records in the Permian period, and geological distribution. Trilobites first appeared in the Cambrian period and went extinct in the Permian extinction event. They evolved from small creatures with simple features to larger forms with complex anatomies. Only five genera persisted until the end of the Permian period. Trilobites provide useful fossils for correlating strata between continents.
This document provides an overview of the taxonomy and species of pythons found in New Guinea. It begins with an introduction to the geography and environment of New Guinea. It then discusses the taxonomic challenges around classifying New Guinea python species, with debate around whether certain species belong to the genera Python, Liasis, or Morelia. The document focuses on 5 python species found in New Guinea - Morelia amethistina, Morelia boeleni, Morelia spilotes, Liasis papuanus, and Chondropython viridis. For each species, it provides details on physical characteristics, range, ecology and examples of encounters with the species.
Similar to Brysz A. Cretaceous Achilidae from Myanmar paleovc (20)
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Brysz A. Cretaceous Achilidae from Myanmar paleovc
1. Cretaceous Achilidae
from Myanmar
- a strange medley of basal
and crown tribe-level groups
Alicja Magdalena Brysz
Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and
Museum of Amber Inclusions
University of Gdańsk, Poland
2. Achilidae definition and ecology
Achilidae is a small (~160 genera) planthopper (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) family
distributed worldwide in all terrestrial habitats and climates of the Earth. Nymphs
are supposedly closely tied to wood decomposing fungi and cryptic, while adults
feed on phloem of many plant families, both angio- and gymnosperms.
Unfortunately not much more can be said about their general ecology, as it is a
rarely researched group.
Achilidae morphology is a much better known subject, although, as with many
other ’basal’ planthoppers, some of its diagnostic characters can appear in other,
closely related families (i.e. Derbidae, Kinnaridae, Cixiidae).
Nonetheless achilids are defined by (with omission of genital details):
- overlapping apical end of tegmina (first pair of wings)
- open clavus (venation character)
- second tarsomere (foot segment) with row of spines
- oval pedicel (second antennal segment)
Achilidae presence on Earth by Bourgoin 2018
3. Achilidae definition and ecology
Plectoderes scapularis
Achilus flammeus by David MulesApateson albomaculatum by myrockytop
Cixidia lapponica
Ptychoptilum sp.
4. Inter-family systematics
Internal Achilidae systematics is quite complicated for a group of this size. The whole family is
divided into 3 supertribes: Achilites, Apatesonites and Myconites, with some taxa (including 2
tribes) placed as incertae sedis within the family.
In total there are 13 tribes, of which two are completely extinct, with some more under
description, including one from Burmese (Myanmar) amber, here (as needed) named trib. nov.
One of the most often present in fossil record tribes – Achilini, is further divided into:
Achilina, Cixidiina and Elidipterina subtribes and is the exception in this matter.
7. Proposed Achilidae tribe relations
During decades of Achilidae research, to this day there was
only one proposed tree of relations in-between the tribes
created in 1990’s by Emeljanov. Unfortunately it does not
include any kind of fossil data.
Our own research suggest that the title of oldest Achilidae
tribe should belong to Plectoderini, while Rhotalini, which to
this day show no sign of any kind of fossil data are most
probably one of the youngest tribes, thus questioning its
placement in the definitely oldest Myconites supertribe.
Placement of other tribes seems to be generally accurate.
After Emeljanov 1991, 1992; Emeljanov & Fletcher 2004
8. Achilidae fossil trail starts in Lower Cretaceous , with appearance of Acixiites. It is the oldest
known achilid genus and, although its description remains dubious in some matters, its
ascription to this family is as sure as its is possible.
It is supposed that in late Lower Cretaceous occurred a sudden ’explosion’ of diversity of
Achilidae., which resulted in many already established tribes recorded in Upper Cretaceous,
the time of accumulation of Myanmar amber, such as: Plectoderini, Apatesonini,
Amphignomini and (probably) Ptychoptilini along with Waghildini.
Next such ’explosion’ occurred probably somewhere around the beginning of
the Eocene, which is reflected by even greater diversity present among inclusions of Baltic
amber (deposited in the middle of the Eocene).
Achilidae fossil data
9. Diagram covers only described
fossils with the exception of those
recognized from Myanmar amber
(marked red).
Scheme including taxa from other
sources (i.e. Baltic amber) can be
found in Brysz & Szwedo (2018).
Note that fossil data concerning
most of the closest relatives of
Achilidae are not currently known.
Achilidae fossil data
10. Plectoderini case
Plectoderini is the largest Achilidae tribe containing 62% of
all its genera and 68% of all species. Such proportions are
very unlikely, especially with high diversity rate of achilids.
Therefore we surmise that Plectoderini should be placed
under revision and most probably divided into further
tribes, and perhaps also subtribes.
Their morphology is in general very conservative, not having
changed much since the Cretaceous. It also seems that fossil
data from Myanmar amber will help in previously
mentioned revision, planned for the oncoming years.
11. Myanmar Plectoderini
One of the reasons that Myanmar Plectoderini are not
easy to work with is that for some reason those
inclusions are often embedded in dark and heavily
polluted resin, which in combination with small size of
those insects makes their analysis very time-consuming.
Fortunately it seems that most of their diagnostic
features are very close to those of modern Plectoderini.
12. ‘Crown’ Achilidae groups
Despite Emeljanov’s opinion approved for a long time, it seems that groups placed in lower position in
his tree such as tribes Amphignomini, Mycarini and Rhotalini are probably placed correctly, but
branched from the other, elder groups; on the other hand, those tribes placed high on the same tree,
such as e.g. Apatesonini, having no fossil record at time, may be more ancient. Therefore finding in
Myanmar amber representatives carrying characteristics that without any doubt identified them as
Amphignoma relatives was such a shock. This suggests that even without fossil data Emeljanov had been
correct in at least some (if not most) matters concerning tribes placement in correlation with each
other.
Myanmar amber Apatesonini occurrence was not as big surprise, as there have been observed some
representatives of this tribe in Baltic amber (Eocene), nonetheless to this founding we did not expect for
this tribe to be as old as it seems to be. In combination with Cretaceous appearance of other
Apatesonites supertribe taxa (Amphignomini, Plectoderini) it seems that its position as oldest Achilidae
supertribes should be set.
13. Myanmar Amphignomini
Recent part of Amphignomini tribe
(and the only described) is composed
from one monotypic genus.
Morphological similarity of both of
those genera (as they cannot be
considered the same with current
views on the definition of genera or
species) is astounding and sets many
questions how such an old and small
taxa survived many difficult and
tumultuous climate changes without
any significant changes.
14. New Myanmar higher-level taxa
Apart from the representatives of already known tribes, Myanmar amber brought some more
surprises, that may have a huge impact on phylogeny and inner-family tribes relations.
One of those surprises is a new tribe belonging probably to Myconites, which corresponds
nicely with Cretaceous appearance of other tribes from this group. This tribe carries an
intriguing set of characteristics that place it very low on Myconites tribes relations tree, most
probably next to the oldest one - Plectoderini.
The second surprise comes in form of a new Fulgoromorpha family, very closely related to
Achilidae, which fills some gaps in phylogeny of the oldest portion of ’basal’ plenthoppers.
Both of these taxa will soon be announced in published form.
15. New extinct tribe from Myanmar amber
One could think that a new tribe from such an
old material (~100 Ma) will be sparsely
represented, but this tribe to this day is
recognised as comprising at least three genera,
each with more than one species.
Such abundance is not unheard of in one the
richest fossil data source that is Myanmar
amber, but still it is a nice change, not to be
force to work on only one specimen, as I am
sure all palaeontologists will agree.
16. Works on new Achilidae definition
All discoveries concerning Achilidae fossils in recent years only strengthened the necessity
for clear boundaries of the whole family and between other ’basal’ planthopper families,
which has always been a problem, as specialist can easily say which is which, but are unable to
name those differences in proper terms.
W hope that after finishing our work on fossil achilids a revised, if not new, definition of the
family Achilidae will emerge, and that it will set in motions similar changes in definitions for
other, more or less closely related groups.
17. I would like to thank the organisers of the conference for their work and all of You for the attention.
I also invite you to follow our work and to check some of the references:
• Bourgoin T. 2018. FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to
Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, updated 2018-11-20. http://hemiptera-databases.org/flow/
• Brysz A.M., Szwedo J. 2018. The fossil record of the planthopper family Achilidae, with particular reference to
those in Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh 107, 279-288. doi:10.1017/S175569101700041X
• Emeljanov A.F. 1991. To the problem of the limits and subdivisions of the family Achilidae (Homoptera, Cicadina).
Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 70(2), 373-393.
• Emeljanov A.F. 1992. Description of tribes of the subfamily Achilinae (Homoptera: Achilidae) and revision of their
composition. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71(3), 574-594.
• Emeljanov A.F., Fletcher M.J. 2004. Hemielissum evansi, a new genus and species of Breddiniolini (Hemiptera:
Fulgoromorpha), being the first Australian record of the tribe, with a discussion of the taxonomic position of the
Breddiniolini. Australian Journal of Entomology 43, 38-42.