Brucellosis.pptx
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Brucellosis is caused by Brucella bacteria and is characterized by fever, sweating, arthritis, and enlarged spleen in humans. It is commonly known as Undulant fever, Malta fever, or Mediterranean fever. Susceptible animals like cattle, sheep, goats, swine, buffaloes, horses and dogs can carry the disease and transmit it to humans through direct contact with infected tissues, blood, urine, vaginal discharge, aborted fetuses or contaminated food and water. Prevention methods include vaccinating animals, safe disposal of infected animal waste, and personal hygiene practices like handwashing when handling animals.
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brucellosis.pptx
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by the Brucella genus. It is a major public health problem in Nepal, where it is commonly transmitted from infected animals like cattle, sheep, and goats to humans through the ingestion of raw milk or close contact. Symptoms in humans include fever, joint pain, and weakness. Prevention focuses on vaccination programs for animals and pasteurization of milk, while treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy.
Brucella
- Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that causes brucellosis, a zoonotic disease. It is transmitted primarily through contact with infected animals or ingestion of contaminated animal products.
- Symptoms in humans include nonspecific flu-like signs such as fever, headache, sweats, and aches. It can also cause complications affecting multiple organ systems like the heart, bones, nervous system, and more.
- Treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy to prevent relapse, as the bacteria can become chronic.
Zoonotic Infection.pptx
Infections spread from animals to human are called zoonotic infections.
The term zoonos is’ Derived from the Greek
ZOON (animals) and NOSES (diseases)
Pathogens shared with wild or domestic animals cause more than 60% of infectious diseases in man.
Epidemiology of bacterial zoonotic diseases with their prevention and control
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Epidemiology of kfd, brucellosis and leptospirosis
Kyasanur forest disease was first discovered in 1955 when monkeys died in large numbers in a forest in Karnataka, India. Investigation found the virus was transmitted by ticks to both monkeys and humans. The disease causes sudden onset of fever and severe muscle pain. Prevention focuses on tick control, vaccination, and personal protective measures like tick checks and adequate clothing. Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis spread between animals and humans. It is endemic where livestock are raised and causes intermittent fever and sweating. Prevention centers on controlling the disease in animals through testing, vaccination, and hygiene, as well as pasteurizing milk. Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria spread through contact with infected animal urine. It ranges
Zoonosss
This document provides information on the zoonotic disease Murine typhus. It is caused by the bacteria Rickettsia typhi and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected fleas. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and rash. Murine typhus is endemic in many parts of the world where infected rats and their fleas live in close proximity to humans. Proper sanitation and pest control can help prevent the spread of this disease.
Brucellosis Prevention and control
Brucellosis is a disease that affects cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and humans. It is caused by the Brucella bacterium. Humans can become infected by consuming raw milk or meat from infected animals, direct contact with infected birthing tissues and fluids from animals, or inhaling the bacteria. Infected humans may experience symptoms like fevers, headaches, joint pain, and inflammation of the testicles. Infected animals show symptoms like fever, late-term abortions, and infertility. The disease can be prevented by vaccinating animals and avoiding direct contact with infected animals or aborted fetuses.
BACTERIAL ZOONOSES.pptx
Bacterial zoonoses were presented, including brucellosis and plague. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella bacteria and is transmitted from infected animals to humans through direct contact, foodborne transmission, or inhalation. It causes symptoms like fever, joint pain, and headaches. Diagnosis involves serological tests and treatment consists of antibiotics. Prevention includes vaccination of animals and pasteurization of milk.
Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is usually transmitted via flea bites. There are three forms: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. Bubonic plague presents with swollen lymph nodes while pneumonic can be spread from person to
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brucellosis.pptx
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by the Brucella genus. It is a major public health problem in Nepal, where it is commonly transmitted from infected animals like cattle, sheep, and goats to humans through the ingestion of raw milk or close contact. Symptoms in humans include fever, joint pain, and weakness. Prevention focuses on vaccination programs for animals and pasteurization of milk, while treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy.
Brucella
- Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that causes brucellosis, a zoonotic disease. It is transmitted primarily through contact with infected animals or ingestion of contaminated animal products.
- Symptoms in humans include nonspecific flu-like signs such as fever, headache, sweats, and aches. It can also cause complications affecting multiple organ systems like the heart, bones, nervous system, and more.
- Treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy to prevent relapse, as the bacteria can become chronic.
Zoonotic Infection.pptx
Infections spread from animals to human are called zoonotic infections.
The term zoonos is’ Derived from the Greek
ZOON (animals) and NOSES (diseases)
Pathogens shared with wild or domestic animals cause more than 60% of infectious diseases in man.
Epidemiology of bacterial zoonotic diseases with their prevention and control
this contains signs ,syptoms,causes prevention and control of few bacterial diseases spread by zoonoses
Epidemiology of kfd, brucellosis and leptospirosis
Kyasanur forest disease was first discovered in 1955 when monkeys died in large numbers in a forest in Karnataka, India. Investigation found the virus was transmitted by ticks to both monkeys and humans. The disease causes sudden onset of fever and severe muscle pain. Prevention focuses on tick control, vaccination, and personal protective measures like tick checks and adequate clothing. Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis spread between animals and humans. It is endemic where livestock are raised and causes intermittent fever and sweating. Prevention centers on controlling the disease in animals through testing, vaccination, and hygiene, as well as pasteurizing milk. Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria spread through contact with infected animal urine. It ranges
Zoonosss
This document provides information on the zoonotic disease Murine typhus. It is caused by the bacteria Rickettsia typhi and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected fleas. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and rash. Murine typhus is endemic in many parts of the world where infected rats and their fleas live in close proximity to humans. Proper sanitation and pest control can help prevent the spread of this disease.
Brucellosis Prevention and control
Brucellosis is a disease that affects cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and humans. It is caused by the Brucella bacterium. Humans can become infected by consuming raw milk or meat from infected animals, direct contact with infected birthing tissues and fluids from animals, or inhaling the bacteria. Infected humans may experience symptoms like fevers, headaches, joint pain, and inflammation of the testicles. Infected animals show symptoms like fever, late-term abortions, and infertility. The disease can be prevented by vaccinating animals and avoiding direct contact with infected animals or aborted fetuses.
BACTERIAL ZOONOSES.pptx
Bacterial zoonoses were presented, including brucellosis and plague. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella bacteria and is transmitted from infected animals to humans through direct contact, foodborne transmission, or inhalation. It causes symptoms like fever, joint pain, and headaches. Diagnosis involves serological tests and treatment consists of antibiotics. Prevention includes vaccination of animals and pasteurization of milk.
Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is usually transmitted via flea bites. There are three forms: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. Bubonic plague presents with swollen lymph nodes while pneumonic can be spread from person to
Brucellosis ppt
Brucellosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and is a major zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans. It causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, sweats, and joint pain in humans. The disease is widespread globally in areas where infection is common in livestock like sheep, goats and cattle. Diagnosis involves serological tests to detect antibodies and culturing Brucella from blood or tissues. Treatment requires prolonged antibiotic therapy. Vaccination of livestock and pasteurization of dairy products are important for control and prevention.
Zoonosis
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. 60% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. Direct or indirect contact with infected animals puts some people at higher risk, such as farmers and veterinarians. Zoonoses can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi transmitted through various routes like bites, scratches, aerosols, water, and food. Examples include avian influenza, rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, and toxoplasmosis. Proper hygiene and avoiding contact with sick or high-risk animals can help prevent zoonotic disease transmission.
brucellosis.pptx
Brucellosis is a bacterial infection spread through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. It is caused by Brucella bacteria, including B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis, which primarily infect cattle, goats/sheep, and pigs respectively. Symptoms include fever, sweats, joint pain and fatigue. Treatment requires a combination of doxycycline and rifampin antibiotics for 6-8 weeks. Prevention involves pasteurizing dairy products and limiting exposure to infected animals or aborted animal fetuses.
Zoonotic disease introduction
Zoonoses :- derived from the Greek words
Zoon- Animal & Noson – Disease
Zoonoses was coined and first used by Rudolf Virchow who defined it for communicable diseases.
Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans - WHO 1959
Of the 1415 microbial diseases affecting humans, 61% are zoonotic with 13% species regarded as emerging or reemerging
Link b/w human & animals with their surrounding are very close especially in developing countries
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira bacteria that can infect humans and many animal species like cattle, pigs, and dogs. It is primarily transmitted through contact with infected urine and can cause illness in the kidneys, liver, and other organs in both animals and humans. The document provides details on the causative agents, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, transmission, treatment, prevention, and zoonotic potential of leptospirosis.
226.b re.b.z with-cover-page-v2
This document discusses brucellosis, a globally important zoonotic bacterial disease. It is caused by Brucella species and transmitted from animals to humans through contact or consumption of infected animal products like unpasteurized milk. In animals it causes reproductive issues like abortion. In humans it causes non-specific flu-like symptoms. Diagnosis involves isolating the bacteria or detecting antibodies. Treatment is difficult due to antibiotic resistance. It has significant public health and economic impacts especially in developing countries where control measures are not well implemented.
brucellosis
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by Brucella bacteria, characterized by fever, sweating, arthritis, and enlarged spleen. It is transmitted from infected animals to humans through contact with tissues/fluids, ingesting raw milk/dairy, or inhalation. Symptoms include intermittent fever over 40°C, joint pain, headaches, and enlarged liver/spleen. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing abnormal white blood cell count and elevated antibodies, with cultures also possible. Treatment consists of antibiotics like doxycycline and rifampin taken for 6 weeks to prevent complications like osteomyelitis, arthritis, or organ abscesses.
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This document discusses Neospora and Besnoitia, two apicomplexan protozoan parasites. Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects dogs and cattle globally and is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Besnoitia besnoiti causes besnoitiosis, a severe disease in cattle characterized by skin thickening and swelling. Both parasites have complex life cycles involving definitive hosts like dogs and intermediate hosts like cattle. They cause significant economic losses due to reproductive issues and mortality in infected cattle. Diagnosis involves identifying cysts or parasites microscopically or through serology and PCR. Control relies on identifying and removing infected animals as no effective treatments exist.
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Leptospirosis Disease
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa that can infect humans and animals. It is transmitted through contact with infected urine and can survive in moist environments. In cattle, it causes fever and hemolytic anemia and primarily infects the kidneys and genital tract. Prevention involves vaccination of livestock and proper sanitation to remove stagnant water sources that can become contaminated.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can infect humans and animals. It is caused by pathogenic Leptospira bacteria carried by rodents and other wild and domestic animals like cattle. In cattle, it is usually caused by Leptospira hardjo or Leptospira pomona which infect the kidneys and genital tract. The bacteria can be transmitted through contact with infected urine and survives best in warm, moist environments. Clinical signs in infected cattle include fever, anemia, and jaundice. Vaccination and improving sanitation can help prevent the spread of leptospirosis.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can infect humans and animals. It is caused by pathogenic Leptospira bacteria carried by rodents and other wild and domestic animals like cattle. In cattle, it is usually caused by Leptospira hardjo or Leptospira pomona which infect the kidneys and genital tract. The bacteria can be transmitted through contact with infected urine and survives best in warm, moist environments. Clinical signs in infected cattle include fever, anemia, and jaundice. Vaccination and improving sanitation can help prevent the spread of leptospirosis.
Classical&african swine fever
Swine fever, also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting pigs caused by two unrelated viruses. It is treated cautiously by international authorities due to the severe economic damage it can cause agricultural communities. The disease spreads between pigs through oral and nasal secretions or contaminated feed and environments. Symptoms include fever, weight loss, diarrhea, and pneumonia, with mortality rates as high as 90% in acute cases. Governments have strict controls on pig and pork imports to prevent transmission of the disease between countries.
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This document discusses zoonotic diseases and focuses on rabies. It states that rabies virus is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals like dogs, bats, and other wildlife. It can be transmitted to humans through bites or scratches. Symptoms start with pain and tingling at the bite site then progress to neurological symptoms like anxiety, confusion and eventually paralysis. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, antigen detection or virus isolation. Treatment involves wound cleaning, rabies immunoglobulin, and rabies vaccines. Risk groups include animal handlers. Control involves vaccination of pets, limiting wildlife contact, and proper animal handling.
Zoonoses
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. The World Health Organization estimates that 61% of human diseases are zoonotic in origin, and 75% of new diseases discovered in the last decade were also zoonotic. Zoonoses can be transmitted via direct contact with animals, their byproducts like feces, scratches or bites, contaminated milk or soil, or consumption of contaminated meat. Common zoonotic diseases mentioned include campylobacteriosis, encephalitis, rabies, toxoplasmosis, psittacosis, and salmonellosis; these have various animal carriers and symptoms in humans like diarrhea, fever, and pneumonia. Prevention involves avoiding contact with diseased animals,
zoonoses.pptx
Zoonotic diseases refer to diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some key points:
- 60% of known pathogens are zoonotic. Emerging diseases are often zoonotic as well.
- Direct contact with infected animals, such as through farming or veterinary work, poses a risk of transmission. Poor sanitation also increases risk.
- Zoonotic diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Common examples include rabies, anthrax, salmonellosis, and plague.
- Improved monitoring of animal populations and hygiene can help reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission to humans.
Zoonotic infections and their effects on health
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some key points about zoonoses are:
- They are caused by a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and rickettsia.
- Major zoonotic diseases include rabies, anthrax, plague, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and salmonellosis.
- Transmission occurs via bites, scratches, ingestion of contaminated food/water or inhalation of infectious agents.
- Prevention relies on vaccination, hygiene practices, quarantine, surveillance and raising awareness. Effective control requires involvement of both animal and human health sectors.
Health hazards to livestock Allah Dad Khan
Animal interactions can pose health risks to humans. Bites and scratches from domestic or wild animals may lead to infections from rabies, tetanus, or bacteria. Monkeys can transmit the herpes B virus. Bats and rodents can transmit viruses like rabies. Snake bites pose risks to sheep, goats, and cattle. Insect bites can cause illness. Contact with sick birds risks avian influenza. Proper precautions and protective measures should be taken when interacting with animals.
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Brucellosis ppt
Brucellosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and is a major zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans. It causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, sweats, and joint pain in humans. The disease is widespread globally in areas where infection is common in livestock like sheep, goats and cattle. Diagnosis involves serological tests to detect antibodies and culturing Brucella from blood or tissues. Treatment requires prolonged antibiotic therapy. Vaccination of livestock and pasteurization of dairy products are important for control and prevention.
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brucellosis.pptx
Brucellosis is a bacterial infection spread through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. It is caused by Brucella bacteria, including B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis, which primarily infect cattle, goats/sheep, and pigs respectively. Symptoms include fever, sweats, joint pain and fatigue. Treatment requires a combination of doxycycline and rifampin antibiotics for 6-8 weeks. Prevention involves pasteurizing dairy products and limiting exposure to infected animals or aborted animal fetuses.
Zoonotic disease introduction
Zoonoses :- derived from the Greek words
Zoon- Animal & Noson – Disease
Zoonoses was coined and first used by Rudolf Virchow who defined it for communicable diseases.
Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans - WHO 1959
Of the 1415 microbial diseases affecting humans, 61% are zoonotic with 13% species regarded as emerging or reemerging
Link b/w human & animals with their surrounding are very close especially in developing countries
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira bacteria that can infect humans and many animal species like cattle, pigs, and dogs. It is primarily transmitted through contact with infected urine and can cause illness in the kidneys, liver, and other organs in both animals and humans. The document provides details on the causative agents, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, transmission, treatment, prevention, and zoonotic potential of leptospirosis.
226.b re.b.z with-cover-page-v2
This document discusses brucellosis, a globally important zoonotic bacterial disease. It is caused by Brucella species and transmitted from animals to humans through contact or consumption of infected animal products like unpasteurized milk. In animals it causes reproductive issues like abortion. In humans it causes non-specific flu-like symptoms. Diagnosis involves isolating the bacteria or detecting antibodies. Treatment is difficult due to antibiotic resistance. It has significant public health and economic impacts especially in developing countries where control measures are not well implemented.
brucellosis
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by Brucella bacteria, characterized by fever, sweating, arthritis, and enlarged spleen. It is transmitted from infected animals to humans through contact with tissues/fluids, ingesting raw milk/dairy, or inhalation. Symptoms include intermittent fever over 40°C, joint pain, headaches, and enlarged liver/spleen. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing abnormal white blood cell count and elevated antibodies, with cultures also possible. Treatment consists of antibiotics like doxycycline and rifampin taken for 6 weeks to prevent complications like osteomyelitis, arthritis, or organ abscesses.
Dr.Morka Amante
This document discusses Neospora and Besnoitia, two apicomplexan protozoan parasites. Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects dogs and cattle globally and is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Besnoitia besnoiti causes besnoitiosis, a severe disease in cattle characterized by skin thickening and swelling. Both parasites have complex life cycles involving definitive hosts like dogs and intermediate hosts like cattle. They cause significant economic losses due to reproductive issues and mortality in infected cattle. Diagnosis involves identifying cysts or parasites microscopically or through serology and PCR. Control relies on identifying and removing infected animals as no effective treatments exist.
Pig borne diseases redone
This document provides information about pig-borne diseases including swine flu, taeniasis, and Nipah virus. It discusses how these diseases spread from pigs to humans, usually through direct contact with infected pigs or consuming undercooked pork. Major outbreaks of swine flu that have occurred worldwide are described. The document then focuses on details about swine flu, including its symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Taeniasis caused by the pork tapeworm is explained through its lifecycle and geographical distribution.
Leptospirosis Disease
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa that can infect humans and animals. It is transmitted through contact with infected urine and can survive in moist environments. In cattle, it causes fever and hemolytic anemia and primarily infects the kidneys and genital tract. Prevention involves vaccination of livestock and proper sanitation to remove stagnant water sources that can become contaminated.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can infect humans and animals. It is caused by pathogenic Leptospira bacteria carried by rodents and other wild and domestic animals like cattle. In cattle, it is usually caused by Leptospira hardjo or Leptospira pomona which infect the kidneys and genital tract. The bacteria can be transmitted through contact with infected urine and survives best in warm, moist environments. Clinical signs in infected cattle include fever, anemia, and jaundice. Vaccination and improving sanitation can help prevent the spread of leptospirosis.
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Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can infect humans and animals. It is caused by pathogenic Leptospira bacteria carried by rodents and other wild and domestic animals like cattle. In cattle, it is usually caused by Leptospira hardjo or Leptospira pomona which infect the kidneys and genital tract. The bacteria can be transmitted through contact with infected urine and survives best in warm, moist environments. Clinical signs in infected cattle include fever, anemia, and jaundice. Vaccination and improving sanitation can help prevent the spread of leptospirosis.
Classical&african swine fever
Swine fever, also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting pigs caused by two unrelated viruses. It is treated cautiously by international authorities due to the severe economic damage it can cause agricultural communities. The disease spreads between pigs through oral and nasal secretions or contaminated feed and environments. Symptoms include fever, weight loss, diarrhea, and pneumonia, with mortality rates as high as 90% in acute cases. Governments have strict controls on pig and pork imports to prevent transmission of the disease between countries.
Zoonosis
This document discusses parasitic zoonoses and provides details on two specific parasites: Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis. It describes toxoplasmosis and sarcocystis, including their causative agents, hosts, modes of transmission, life cycles, pathologies, diagnoses, and methods of prevention and control. Toxoplasmosis is transmitted through ingestion of oocysts from infected cat feces or raw meat/milk and can cause severe symptoms in fetuses and immunocompromised individuals. Sarcocystis has a two-host life cycle involving intermediate herbivore hosts and definitive carnivore hosts, including humans, and is transmitted through ingestion of undercooked meat
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Community health nursing 1 mahir
This document discusses zoonotic diseases and focuses on rabies. It states that rabies virus is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals like dogs, bats, and other wildlife. It can be transmitted to humans through bites or scratches. Symptoms start with pain and tingling at the bite site then progress to neurological symptoms like anxiety, confusion and eventually paralysis. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, antigen detection or virus isolation. Treatment involves wound cleaning, rabies immunoglobulin, and rabies vaccines. Risk groups include animal handlers. Control involves vaccination of pets, limiting wildlife contact, and proper animal handling.
Zoonoses
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. The World Health Organization estimates that 61% of human diseases are zoonotic in origin, and 75% of new diseases discovered in the last decade were also zoonotic. Zoonoses can be transmitted via direct contact with animals, their byproducts like feces, scratches or bites, contaminated milk or soil, or consumption of contaminated meat. Common zoonotic diseases mentioned include campylobacteriosis, encephalitis, rabies, toxoplasmosis, psittacosis, and salmonellosis; these have various animal carriers and symptoms in humans like diarrhea, fever, and pneumonia. Prevention involves avoiding contact with diseased animals,
zoonoses.pptx
Zoonotic diseases refer to diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some key points:
- 60% of known pathogens are zoonotic. Emerging diseases are often zoonotic as well.
- Direct contact with infected animals, such as through farming or veterinary work, poses a risk of transmission. Poor sanitation also increases risk.
- Zoonotic diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Common examples include rabies, anthrax, salmonellosis, and plague.
- Improved monitoring of animal populations and hygiene can help reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission to humans.
Zoonotic infections and their effects on health
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some key points about zoonoses are:
- They are caused by a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and rickettsia.
- Major zoonotic diseases include rabies, anthrax, plague, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and salmonellosis.
- Transmission occurs via bites, scratches, ingestion of contaminated food/water or inhalation of infectious agents.
- Prevention relies on vaccination, hygiene practices, quarantine, surveillance and raising awareness. Effective control requires involvement of both animal and human health sectors.
Health hazards to livestock Allah Dad Khan
Animal interactions can pose health risks to humans. Bites and scratches from domestic or wild animals may lead to infections from rabies, tetanus, or bacteria. Monkeys can transmit the herpes B virus. Bats and rodents can transmit viruses like rabies. Snake bites pose risks to sheep, goats, and cattle. Insect bites can cause illness. Contact with sick birds risks avian influenza. Proper precautions and protective measures should be taken when interacting with animals.
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Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
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- 1. Brucellosis is caused by different species of the Brucella group of organisms and characterized by intermittent or irregular febrile attacks, with profuse sweating, arthritis and an enlarged spleen. It is also known as Undulant fever, Malta fever or Mediterranean fever in Humans. It is spread to human through direct or indirect contact with infected animals Susceptible animals like cattle, sheep. goats, swine, buffaloes, horses and dogs are act as reservoir through which disease may spread to humans. It causes economic loss for the people who fully depends on livestock production. Infection transmitted through direct contact with infected tissues, blood, urine, vaginal discharge, aborted fetuses and especially placenta via abraded skin, mucosa or conjunctiva OR ingestion of raw milk, dairy products or contaminated food products and water from infected animals OR through nasal route by inhaling infected dust * Slaughtering of infected animals after diagnosing paid compensation to farmers * Rapid identification and treatment of infected Humans * Personal hygienic practices like enforcement of WASH and consider every animal as infected while handling * Safe disposal of excreta as well as wastes produced from aborted animals * last but not least utilize available vaccine against brucella for animals and human who in close contact with animals * Regular check up with veterinary doctors Headache and fever Joint pain Enlarged spleen Incubation period varies from 1-3 weeks DEFINTION OR AETIOLOGY SPECIES AFFECTED HUMAN TRANSMISSION CYCLE PREVENTION BRUCELLOSIS Symptoms Ref: WHO, CDC, NCDC, OIE Developed by: N.Gopalan, Yogesh Nehru, S.K. Behera Acknowledgement: DST SEED