Zoonotic diseases refer to diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some key points: - 60% of known pathogens are zoonotic. Emerging diseases are often zoonotic as well. - Direct contact with infected animals, such as through farming or veterinary work, poses a risk of transmission. Poor sanitation also increases risk. - Zoonotic diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Common examples include rabies, anthrax, salmonellosis, and plague. - Improved monitoring of animal populations and hygiene can help reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission to humans.

1. Md aftab alam

3. From the Greek-
Zoon Animal Noson : Disease
• Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted
from vertebrate animals to humans - WHO 1959
• Any infectious disease that can be transmitted ( by a
vector ) from animals , both wild and domestic , to
humans or from humans to animals ( reverse zoonosis )
- Xenozoonosis is transmitted by transplantation between species

4. • Classical / Traditional concept
 Animal with disease and transmission of pathogen
man
- TB , Brucellosis
• Modern / Current concept
 Clinically normal animal and transmission of
hazardous pathogen to man
- Campylobacter , VTEC

5. • 60 % of pathogens
are zoonotic
• 75 % of emerging
diseases are zoonotic
- Viruses most common
- More than 99 %
- of viruses remain
- to be discovered
- Huge potential for
- future zoonotic emergence

6. • SARS
• Swine flu
• Bird flu
• Plasmodium knowle si malaria
• Mad cow disease

9. Direct or indirect contact with infected animals
• Abbatoir workers
• Poultry workers
• Farmers
• Veterinarians
• Pet owner (birds and animals)

10. Assassin bank voles Bats
Bank voles Birds Cats Cattle
Chimpanzees Dogs Fish
Fleas Flies Geese
Goats Hamsters Horses
Lice Mice Monkeys
Mosquitos Opossums Pigs
Rabbits and hares Raccoons
Rats Rodents Sloths
Sheep Snails Ticks

11. • Frequent contact with domestic animals
• Overlap with wildlife habitat
• Poor animal sanitation
• Poor personal hygiene
• Intensive livestock production

15. • Viral
• Bacterial
• Parasitic
• Mycotic

19. Severe acute respiratory
syndrome

20. • Reservoir
-dog cat bat racoon
• Agent
-Rabies virus
• Transmission
-Saliva of infected animal
• Human synmptoms
-Seizures paralysis fever

21. • Found predominantly in west africa in
particular nigeria sierra leone and liberia
• Reservoir rat (mastomys)
• Transmission through contact with infected
urine and feces
-Man to man transmission can occur through
contact with infected bodily fluids

22. • Reservoir
-Birds
• Agent
- West nile virus
• Transmission
- Mosquito bites bird , picks up virus , and then bites
human
• Human symptoms –
-Fever , flu like symptoms

23. • BSE or " Mad Cow Disease "
• Reservoir : Cattle
• Agent : Prion
• Transmission : Eating infected beef
• Human symptoms : Neurological disorders
that worsen over time
• Treatment : Supportive , but usually fata

25. • Reservoir : Pigs , Cats , Rats , Deer , Lamb
- A single - celled parasite called Toxoplasma
gondii
• Transmission : Touching infected cat feces , eating
undercooked meat , contaminated water
drinking
• Human symptoms : Flu like symptoms
• Treatment : Medications if needed , newborn
babies infected through their mother can
suffer eye and brain damage

27. • Tinea fungus
• Reservoir : Any surface contaminated with fungus .
• Transmission : Touching a contaminated surface such as
cat or dog hair , brushes or combs , cows , horses , and
other animals
• Human symptoms : Rash shaped in a ring on the skin ,
scalp , groin area , and feet
• Treatment : Medicated creams , keeping area clean and
dry

29. • Mycobacterium bovis
• Reservoir : Cattle
• Transmission Foodborne
: unpasteurized milk and raw meat
Droplet / aerosols
• M. avium
• Reservoir : Birds
-Risk for immunocompromised persons Elderly ,
HIV , on chemotherapy

30. • Bacillus anthracis
• Aerobic , Gram Positive Rods
• Spores are inhaled , ingested , or come into contact with a
skin lesion on a host they may reactivate and multiply
rapidly
- Animals ingest or inhale the spores while grazing
- Spores are passed in feces
• Transmission :
- Inoculation of infected blood to broken skin
- -Consumption of a diseased animal's flesh
• Anthrax : Pulmonary , Gastrointestinal and

31. • B.suis swine
• B.abortus cattle
• B.melitensis goat sheep Human pathogens
• B.canis dog
• B. melitensis and B. suis more virulent
• Small , non - motile , GNR , facultative intracellular
Reservoir : Animals
• Incubation : 5-60 days ; 1-2 months common
• Undulant fever characteristic
-Intermittent or irregular fever with variable duration

32. Transmission to Humans
-No evidence of person - to - person transmission
-Avoid consumption of raw dairy products
-Direct contact with infected tissues and secretions
-Ingestion of raw milk and unpasteurized dairy
products Inhalation of infectious aerosols
Inoculation with animal vaccines
• Shed in large numbers in milk , urine , and
reproductive tissues
• Pasteurization eliminates organism , reduces
disease

33. • Chlamydophila psittaci
• Obligate intracellular bacterium
• Incubation : 5-14 d
• Transmission : From birds to humans
• Elementary bodie
• Routes of infection
-Inhalation ( feather dust , resp . secretions , dried feces )
-Mouth - to - beak contact
- -Handling of infected bird's plumage and tissues
• Even brief exposures can lead to infection

34. Species transmission disease
y. Pestis flea bite plague
y. Enterdotuberculosis digestive entercolotis
y.Pseudoterculosis digestive enteroculitis

35. • Coxiella burnetii
• Obligate intracellular rickettsia
• Highly infectious - one organism may cause disease
• Reservoir : Goats , sheep , cattle , cats and rabbits
• Incubation period : 20 days ( 14 - 39 days )
• Transmission to Humans
- Organism is excreted in urine , feces , milk , and in birth fluids
- Humans are usually infected by inhalation of the organism from
contaminated environments

36. • Spirochete Leptospira icterohemorrhagica
• Motile , aerobic with hooked ends
• Incubation : 7-14 days ( range 2-21 days )
• Bacteremic for 7-10 days
• Leptospiruric 1 week to several months

37. Leptospirosis: transmission cycle

38. • Bartonella henselae
• Transmission : Bite or scratch from infected cat
• Reservoir : Cats
• Incubation : 7-12 days
• Papules at inoculation site persist several weeks
-Subsequent lymphadenopathy

40. • Borrelia burgdorferi
• Reservoir : Deer
• Transmission : Black legged tick feeds on infected deer ,
picks up bacterium , and bites human
• Human symptoms : Rash , arthritis , fever , swollen lymph
nodes , neurologic signs , heart problems

41. • Aspergillosis
• Blastomycosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Dermatophytosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Sporotrichosis

42. • Avian influenza
• Salmonellosis
• Campylobacter enteritis

43. • Histoplasmosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Psittacosis
• Candidiasis .
• Salmonellosis .
• St. Louis
Encephalitis
• West Nile Fever .

44. • Amoebiasis
• Campylobacter diarrhea
• Diseases caused by
Salmonella , Shigella ,
Helicobacter
• Yellow fever
• Falciparum malaria
• Knowlesi malaria
• Monkey pox
• Hepatits A
• Rabies .

45. • Brucellosis
• Leptospirosis
• Giardiasis
• Babesiosis
• Leishmaniasis
• Intestinal worms
• Blastomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Aspergillosis .

46. • Cat - scratch disease
• Toxoplasmosis