Sampling Techniques and Sampling Methods (Sampling Types - Probability Sampli...Alam Nuzhathalam
An overview of Sampling Techniques or Sampling Methods or Sampling Types (Probability Sampling: Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, Systematic Random Sampling, Multi Stage Sampling and Non Probability Sampling: Convenience Sampling, Quota Sampling,Judgmental Sampling,Self Selection Sampling,Snow Ball Sampling) Sampling Errors and Non Sampling Errors..
Sampling Techniques and Sampling Methods (Sampling Types - Probability Sampli...Alam Nuzhathalam
An overview of Sampling Techniques or Sampling Methods or Sampling Types (Probability Sampling: Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, Systematic Random Sampling, Multi Stage Sampling and Non Probability Sampling: Convenience Sampling, Quota Sampling,Judgmental Sampling,Self Selection Sampling,Snow Ball Sampling) Sampling Errors and Non Sampling Errors..
Sampling Techniques for population and Material
1) Simple Random Sampling
2) Stratified Sampling
3) Systematic Sampling
4) Cluster Sampling
5) Two stage sampling.
Sampling is a process of selecting representative units from an entire population of a study.
Two Types
Probability Sampling Techniques
Non- Probability sampling techniques
The process of using a small number of items or parts of larger population to make a conclusions about the whole population.
Sampling is the process of selecting representative units from an entire populations of a study .
Sampling is a technique of selecting a subset of the population.
EXAMPLE – While cooking rice to see whether the rice are cooked or not we never see each and every grain of rice. only a sample of rice grain is checked to make the decision regarding the cooked or the uncooked rice
A sample should be reliable.
A sample should be economical.
A sample should be goal oriented.
A sample should be appropriate in size.
A sample should be free from bias and errors.
A sample should be true representation of population.
NATURE OF THE RESEARCHER-
Inexperienced investigator
Lack of interest
Lack of honesty
Lack of adequate resources
Inadequate supervision
NATURE OF SAMPLE –
Inappropriate sampling technique
Sample Size
Defective sampling Frame
Sampling Techniques for population and Material
1) Simple Random Sampling
2) Stratified Sampling
3) Systematic Sampling
4) Cluster Sampling
5) Two stage sampling.
Sampling is a process of selecting representative units from an entire population of a study.
Two Types
Probability Sampling Techniques
Non- Probability sampling techniques
The process of using a small number of items or parts of larger population to make a conclusions about the whole population.
Sampling is the process of selecting representative units from an entire populations of a study .
Sampling is a technique of selecting a subset of the population.
EXAMPLE – While cooking rice to see whether the rice are cooked or not we never see each and every grain of rice. only a sample of rice grain is checked to make the decision regarding the cooked or the uncooked rice
A sample should be reliable.
A sample should be economical.
A sample should be goal oriented.
A sample should be appropriate in size.
A sample should be free from bias and errors.
A sample should be true representation of population.
NATURE OF THE RESEARCHER-
Inexperienced investigator
Lack of interest
Lack of honesty
Lack of adequate resources
Inadequate supervision
NATURE OF SAMPLE –
Inappropriate sampling technique
Sample Size
Defective sampling Frame
Sampling and different ways of sampling under public opinion and survey research.Advantages and disadvantages of different sampling methods with pictures and examples.
Explains the different methods of Sampling with diagram. In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Statisticians attempt for the samples to represent the population in question.
SAMPLING METHODS ( PROBABILITY SAMPLING).pptxPoojaSen20
SAMPLING
SAMPLING IS THE PROCESS OF SELECTING A SMALL NUMBER OF ELEMNTS FROM A LARGER DEFINED TARGET GROUP OF ELEMNTS SUCH THAT THE INFORMATION GATHERDED FROM THE SMALL GROUP WILL ALLOW JUDEN=MENT TO BE MADE ABOUT THE LARGER GROUPS.
IN SIMPLE WORDS A PROCEDURE BY WHICH SOME MEMBERS OF A GIVEN POPULATION ARE SELECTED AS REPRESENTATION OF THE ENTIRE POPULATION .
PURPOSE OF SAMPLING
To gather data about the population in order to make an inference that can be generalized to the populations. .
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Probability sampling is a type of sampling where each member of the population has a known probability of being selected in the sample .
In probability sampling some elements of randomness is involved in selection of units ,so that personal judgement or bias is not there.
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Non- Probability sampling is a type of sampling where each member of the population does not have known probability of being selected in the sample.
In this each member of the population does not get equal chance of being selected in the sample.
This sampling methods is adopted when each member of the population can not be selected or the researcher deliberately wants to choose member selectively
This slides can help the audience to know about the different sampling methods and the importance of these methods for the users.This could also help in assisting the researcher to select the appropriate method for their research to be conducted.
Sampling means selecting the group that researcher will actually collect data from in research. It attempts to collect samples that are representative of the population.
THIS IS VENKATESH .E WORKING AS ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AND THIS CONTENT OF SAMPLING WILL HELP TO THE M.SC I YER NURSING AND B.SC NURSING IV YEAR STUDENTS.THIS CONTENT WAS PREPARED AND REFERRED BY MY TEACHER G.ASHA KUMARI ,ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR. I HOPE THIS WILL ENHANCE KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
3. Define Target Population
Determine the Sampling Frame
Select the appropriate sampling
technique
Determine Sample size
Execute Sampling process
SAMPLING DESIGN PROCESS
4. 1. Define Target Population
Target Population refers to the entire group of individuals or
objects to which researchers are interested in generalizing the
conclusions.
Improper definition of the target population will lead to misleading
results which might prove dangerous for a researcher.
Therefore, target population must be defined very carefully.
5. 2. Sampling frame must be
determined
Sampling frame is the source material or device from
which a sample is drawn.
It is a list of all those within a population who can be
sampled and may include individuals, households or
institutions.
Sampling is carried out from the sampling frame and not
from the target population.
6. 3.Appropriate sampling technique
must be selected.
Selecting a sampling technique is a crucial decision for a
researcher.
A researcher has to decide whether to use random
sampling or non- random sampling techniques.
7. 4. Sample size must be defined
Sample size refers to the number of elements to be
included in the study.
Nature of research and analysis is an important
consideration while deciding the sample size.
For qualitative research – small sample is sufficient.
For conclusive research – larger sample is required.
8. 5. Sampling process must be executed
The execution of sampling technique require detailed
specification of target population, sampling frame,
sampling techniques and the sample size.
Each step in the sampling process must be effectively
executed.
10. Random sampling
1. Simple random sampling
– each member of population has an equal
chance of being included in the sample .
-SRS is most common method of selecting a sample
form population
11. 2.Stratified random sampling-
- SRS is based on the concept of homogeneity and heterogeneity.
-SRS is element in population are divided into homogeneous groups
called strata.
-In this method researcher selecting simple random sampling from
each from each strata.
12. 3. Systematic Sampling –
-It is also called as “Quasi-Random” Sampling
-In SS, sample elements are selected from population at
uniform intervals in term of time, order, or space
13. 4. Cluster Sampling-
-Researcher divides the population into separate groups, called
clusters
-In cluster sampling we divided the population into non-
overlapping areas or cluster
-Then, a simple random sample of clusters is selected from the
population. The researcher conducts his analysis on data from
the sampled clusters.
14. 5.Multi-stage sampling-
-multi-stage sampling involves the selection of units in more
than one stage
-in Multi-stage sampling first a sample is taken from primary
stage unit then sample is taken from secondary stage unit
15. Sampling As Related To Qualitative
Studies
Qualitative sampling
Purposive sampling(Theoretical sampling)
Grounded theory
Theoretical saturation
16. Central Limit Theorem
If a population is normally distributed, the
sample means for samples taken from that
normal population are also normally distributed
regardless of sample size.
