This presentation summarises some of the key impacts of Brexit on the UK's NHS and universities, public health in the UK, and the UK's life science industry.
Facts, figures and views on health and social care: A pack prepared for repor...Nuffield Trust
This presentation was created for reporters looking for key facts, figures and views on health and social care in the run up to the general election in 2015 in the UK. It was compiled by Leonora Merry and references Nuffield Trust research and analysis throughout.
Rebecca Rosen: Trends in the organisation of hospital servicesNuffield Trust
In this slideshow Dr Rebecca Rosen, Senior Fellow, Nuffield Trust, explores recent trends and strategic choices in the organisation of hospital services in Europe.
Dr Rosen spoke at the Nuffield Trust European Summit 2014, supported by KPMG.
Our series of organograms explain how the NHS is now structured, including how providers are regulated, who can influence the commissioning of services and where the money goes.
Introductory perspectives -- Andrew Blazey & Chris James, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Andrew Blazey & Chris James, OECD, at the Health Systems Joint Network Meeting for Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European Countries, held in Tallinn, Lithuania, on 25-26 April 2019
Fenin en colaboración con el departamento comercial UK Trade and Investment, de la Embajada británica en Madrid, han organizado un foro empresarial dirigido al sector de tecnología sanitaria, con el objetivo de evaluar los sistemas de compras de los sistemas sanitarios de España y Reino Unido (NHS), y conocer las oportunidades de negocio que el NHS representa para empresas españolas de tecnología sanitaria.
Facts, figures and views on health and social care: A pack prepared for repor...Nuffield Trust
This presentation was created for reporters looking for key facts, figures and views on health and social care in the run up to the general election in 2015 in the UK. It was compiled by Leonora Merry and references Nuffield Trust research and analysis throughout.
Rebecca Rosen: Trends in the organisation of hospital servicesNuffield Trust
In this slideshow Dr Rebecca Rosen, Senior Fellow, Nuffield Trust, explores recent trends and strategic choices in the organisation of hospital services in Europe.
Dr Rosen spoke at the Nuffield Trust European Summit 2014, supported by KPMG.
Our series of organograms explain how the NHS is now structured, including how providers are regulated, who can influence the commissioning of services and where the money goes.
Introductory perspectives -- Andrew Blazey & Chris James, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Andrew Blazey & Chris James, OECD, at the Health Systems Joint Network Meeting for Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European Countries, held in Tallinn, Lithuania, on 25-26 April 2019
Fenin en colaboración con el departamento comercial UK Trade and Investment, de la Embajada británica en Madrid, han organizado un foro empresarial dirigido al sector de tecnología sanitaria, con el objetivo de evaluar los sistemas de compras de los sistemas sanitarios de España y Reino Unido (NHS), y conocer las oportunidades de negocio que el NHS representa para empresas españolas de tecnología sanitaria.
Long-term care: Integrating health and social care -- Tim Muir, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Tim Muir, OECD Secretariat, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
This is an invited presentation to a British Psychological Society symposium on Prevention,which seeks to summarise key English policy trends on prevention, and help develop the BPS position on the contribution of psychological science to government policy on Prevention
Fire service as an asset: providing telecare support in the community Webinar...NHS Improving Quality
Guest speaker: Steve Vincent - West Midlands Fire Service & Simon Brake from Coventry Council
Hosted by: Bev Matthews, Long Term Conditions Programme Lead, NHS England
Learning Outcomes:-
To better understand the role that the Fire and Rescue service can provide as a community asset to support health needs Enhancing the quality of life for people by supporting them to stay in their own home, even in a crisis
LTC Year of Care Commissioning Model
Lesley A Callow, Delivery Support Manager - Long Term Conditions Year of Care Commissioning Model
NHSIQ
Fionuala Bonnar, Year of Care Programme Manager
LTC Year of Care benefits:
Improved outcomes and wellbeing:
Patients receive care that is better managed, more seamless across different care services and more needs focused.
Reduction in acute admissions to hospital; and shorter lengths of stay when these are required.
Clinical professionals contribute to a more holistic service for patients by working within an integrated patient-centred care plan
Local health and Social Care economies:
Provide care that delivers value for money and is better managed by integrated teams.
Incentive to improve services for patients
Improved joint working and shared responsibility for outcomes
Respiratory Futures webinar: Creative commissioning, the future is local (wit...Respiratory Futures
Many people in England have yet to grasp that there has been a major shift in how and where decisions about their healthcare are made. NHS reforms have resulted in a wholesale transfer of responsibility for commissioning decisions from the Department of Health (DH) to individual Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) via NHS England.
Accountability for the majority of commissioning decisions that relate to respiratory disease now sits with CCGs and is not directed by either DH or NHS England.
The NHS in England is therefore a federation of over two hundred local commissioners who have effective autonomy over their commissioning priorities. In some areas, such as dementia or cancer, there are clear directives from NHS England, and a supporting structure in the form of strategic networks, to deliver standard service improvement.
For disease areas where these do not exist, CCGs have much greater choice in the nature and scale of service that they should provide. This has already led to variations in provision according to local need or simply by interest.
It is fast becoming clear that, unless there is a major political shift in emphasis, respiratory disease will not be prioritised specifically by NHS England, and CCGs will need to be influenced more explicitly by local need.
To a limited extent this is already happening where local stakeholder groups are interacting with CCGs in the form of an informal network and some individuals or groups of CCGs have already identified COPD as a priority in their five-year strategic plans. This is good news and likely to be successful, particularly if their proposed intentions fit in with the models suggested in the recently published Five Year Forward View which favours vertical integration and specialist interaction with primary care – see http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/futurenhs/ for more details.
Whilst there is likely to be sufficient intrinsic justification for CCGs to develop sustained interest in respiratory conditions, this won’t happen automatically. There is still much to be done by us, as specialist healthcare professionals, to communicate consistently the importance of developing clinically led, patient-centred quality respiratory care to the 200 or so CCGs in England.
Health and Wellbeing Boards and local networks are an obvious conduit for influence. And around the country there are examples of patient organisations and stakeholder groups already having a positive influence on local commissioning policy, such as in Leeds and the South East Coast region.
Read more and continue the debate at http://www.respiratoryfutures.org.uk.
Long-term care: Integrating health and social care -- Tim Muir, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Tim Muir, OECD Secretariat, at the 6th Meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA-GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 18-19 September 2017
This is an invited presentation to a British Psychological Society symposium on Prevention,which seeks to summarise key English policy trends on prevention, and help develop the BPS position on the contribution of psychological science to government policy on Prevention
Fire service as an asset: providing telecare support in the community Webinar...NHS Improving Quality
Guest speaker: Steve Vincent - West Midlands Fire Service & Simon Brake from Coventry Council
Hosted by: Bev Matthews, Long Term Conditions Programme Lead, NHS England
Learning Outcomes:-
To better understand the role that the Fire and Rescue service can provide as a community asset to support health needs Enhancing the quality of life for people by supporting them to stay in their own home, even in a crisis
LTC Year of Care Commissioning Model
Lesley A Callow, Delivery Support Manager - Long Term Conditions Year of Care Commissioning Model
NHSIQ
Fionuala Bonnar, Year of Care Programme Manager
LTC Year of Care benefits:
Improved outcomes and wellbeing:
Patients receive care that is better managed, more seamless across different care services and more needs focused.
Reduction in acute admissions to hospital; and shorter lengths of stay when these are required.
Clinical professionals contribute to a more holistic service for patients by working within an integrated patient-centred care plan
Local health and Social Care economies:
Provide care that delivers value for money and is better managed by integrated teams.
Incentive to improve services for patients
Improved joint working and shared responsibility for outcomes
Respiratory Futures webinar: Creative commissioning, the future is local (wit...Respiratory Futures
Many people in England have yet to grasp that there has been a major shift in how and where decisions about their healthcare are made. NHS reforms have resulted in a wholesale transfer of responsibility for commissioning decisions from the Department of Health (DH) to individual Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) via NHS England.
Accountability for the majority of commissioning decisions that relate to respiratory disease now sits with CCGs and is not directed by either DH or NHS England.
The NHS in England is therefore a federation of over two hundred local commissioners who have effective autonomy over their commissioning priorities. In some areas, such as dementia or cancer, there are clear directives from NHS England, and a supporting structure in the form of strategic networks, to deliver standard service improvement.
For disease areas where these do not exist, CCGs have much greater choice in the nature and scale of service that they should provide. This has already led to variations in provision according to local need or simply by interest.
It is fast becoming clear that, unless there is a major political shift in emphasis, respiratory disease will not be prioritised specifically by NHS England, and CCGs will need to be influenced more explicitly by local need.
To a limited extent this is already happening where local stakeholder groups are interacting with CCGs in the form of an informal network and some individuals or groups of CCGs have already identified COPD as a priority in their five-year strategic plans. This is good news and likely to be successful, particularly if their proposed intentions fit in with the models suggested in the recently published Five Year Forward View which favours vertical integration and specialist interaction with primary care – see http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/futurenhs/ for more details.
Whilst there is likely to be sufficient intrinsic justification for CCGs to develop sustained interest in respiratory conditions, this won’t happen automatically. There is still much to be done by us, as specialist healthcare professionals, to communicate consistently the importance of developing clinically led, patient-centred quality respiratory care to the 200 or so CCGs in England.
Health and Wellbeing Boards and local networks are an obvious conduit for influence. And around the country there are examples of patient organisations and stakeholder groups already having a positive influence on local commissioning policy, such as in Leeds and the South East Coast region.
Read more and continue the debate at http://www.respiratoryfutures.org.uk.
Getting to grips with Population Health - 28th Feb 2018James Carter
A set of slides produced by Thames Valley Strategic Clinical Network to support the familiarisation event on Population Health held in Maidenhead on Wednesday 28th February 2018.
With thanks to all colleagues, attendees, chairs and speakers for their involvement on the day.
James Carter - Senior Network Manager TVSCN
james.carter1@nhs.net
Preventing Illness 2015 Commissioning a Sustainable Health System4 All of Us
Preventing Illness 2015 was held at The Wellcome Trust on Tuesday November 24th the conference looked at how we can create a preventative health system which focuses on reducing illness, improves sustainability, improves public health whilst joining health and social care together and reducing pressure on our NHS.
Keynote presentation delivered by Dr Irem Patel, Integrated Consultant Respiratory Physician, Kings Health Partners, at the Pan London Airways Network Summer Meeting 2016
Routes to Clean Air 2016, Prof. Stephen Holgate, University of SouthamptonIES / IAQM
Talk Title: Every breath we take: the lifelong impact of air pollution
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Head and Neck Cancer Services: The Lei...daranisaha
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the delivery of healthcare across the UK. Patients with head and neck cancers (HNC) are faced with complex management strategies which are delivered by multidisciplinary teams (MDT) despite current restrictions. We present the challenges and strategies for providing cancer care.
REDUCING HEALTHCARE’S CLIMATE FOOTPRINT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR EUROPEAN HOSPITALS & HEALTH SYSTEMS
Author: HCWH Europe
SEE CASE STUDY - PAGE 26 - CHU MOHAMMED VI, MARRAKECH, Morocco
Professor Liam Smeeth: Big Data, 30 June 2014Nuffield Trust
In this slideshow, Liam Smeeth, Deputy Director and Head of Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine discusses big data, e-health and the Farr Institute.
Liam Smeeth spoke at the Nuffield Trust event: The future of the hospital, in June 2014.
A teaching aid on addressing hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccination. WHO has identified vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Learn more about how to work with patients, the public and communities to improve confidence in Covid-19 vaccines.
Covid 19 in the UK - Public Health and Primary Care PerspectivesAzeem Majeed
In this seminar, I discuss some of the public health and primary care impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK; including the NHS respons, health inequalities and vaccination.
In this presentation, we discuss the clinical trial process for the new Covid-19 vaccines. We discuss the different vaccine types. We also discuss the Covid-19 vaccines that the UK is currently using in the NHS, as well as vaccines likely to be used in the next year.
Covid-19 in the United Kingdom: Impact on ethnic minority groupsAzeem Majeed
People from BAME communities are more likely to be at increased risk of acquiring Covid-19. People from BAME communities are also at increased risk of poorer outcomes, including death, once they acquire the infection. A mixture of socio-economic, occupational and medical factors account for part of the increased risk. A proportion of the increased risk remains unaccounted for after adjustment for these other factors.
The NIHR Research Design Service provides support to NHS staff and academics preparing research proposals for submission to peer-reviewed funding competitions for applied health or social care research.
Social Media in Medical Education Presentation April 2016Azeem Majeed
Writing in medicine - How to Capture an audience: Editorials, letters, blogs and social media
Professor Azeem Majeed, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London
Social media differentiates itself from more traditional forms of media by its immediacy and its focus on social interaction. Websites and online forums allow users to share information through interactive electronic exchanges. Many businesses now incorporate social media into their marketing strategies to deliver key messages, advertise services or improve communication with clients. The NHS, doctors and health professionals have been slower to take up the use of social media but we are now also now seeing increased use of social media in the health sector. In this interactive workshop, I will discuss how health professionals can use social media to get their messages across to patients, and also the use of social media in education and campaigning. I will also discuss writing for traditional medical journals with a focus on publications such as editorials, commentaries, letters and clinical discussions.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Brexit: What impact will it have on the UK's NHS and universities?
1. Brexit: What impact will it
have on the NHS and
universities?
Professor Azeem Majeed MD FRCP FRCGP FFPH
Professor of Primary Care & Head of Department
Department of Primary Care & Public Health
2. Outline of Brexit talk
How will Brexit impact on:
The NHS
Public Health
The Wider Health Economy
Universities
3. The NHS: Staff Recruitment
• The future employment of the 50,000 EU and EEA
nationals who work in the NHS (including around
9,000 doctors)
• Further recruitment of health professionals
following Brexit
• Agreements to recognise the qualifications of
doctors and other health professionals from the
EU
• More limited rights for UK health professionals to
live and work in other EU countries
4. The NHS: Access to Healthcare
• Three million EU nationals in the UK
• Two million UK nationals living in other EU
countries
• Access to healthcare for tourists and the
future of EHIC card
5. Public Health
• UK participation in pan-EU initiatives to
protect public health
• These cover many areas including food
regulations, road safety, air pollution, tobacco
control, and chemical hazards.
• Important when dealing with cross-national
issues (e.g. air pollution) or with large multi-
national corporations
6. Wider Health Economy
• Relocation out of London of the European
Medicines Agency
• UK may become less favoured as a site for
industry-funded clinical research
• Medical technology industry
• Threats to the development of IT standards
• Imported drugs and medical supplies may
become more expensive
7. Universities: Research
• Loss of European research funding
• Impact on the leading role UK universities play
in many international research collaborations
• Unable to contribute to defining EU research
priorities
• Recruitment of research staff
8. Universities: Teaching
• Threats to the ERASMUS Student Mobility
Programme
• Bologna Process: Agreements between EU
countries to ensure comparability in the
standards and quality of higher education
qualifications
• Recruitment of students from the EU and
elsewhere in the world
9. Conclusions
• Brexit will have important impacts on the NHS
and the UK’s universities
• Most impacts appear to be negative
• Important that the NHS and universities
engage with government to ameliorate the
risks from Brexit
• Public support also needed (e.g. to reinforce
that immigration has positive benefits)