The UK has effectively monitored the safety, efficacy, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines using its robust healthcare data systems. Clinical trial results showed the Pfizer vaccine was over 95% effective. Primary healthcare medical records and linked hospital, mortality, vaccination, and testing records allow researchers to track vaccine outcomes at scale. While vaccines are effective, concerns over side effects and lack of long-term data can increase hesitancy. Improving access for minority groups and continuing safety monitoring will help boost confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.
Covid 19 in the UK - Public Health and Primary Care PerspectivesAzeem Majeed
In this seminar, I discuss some of the public health and primary care impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK; including the NHS respons, health inequalities and vaccination.
Covid-19 in the United Kingdom: Impact on ethnic minority groupsAzeem Majeed
People from BAME communities are more likely to be at increased risk of acquiring Covid-19. People from BAME communities are also at increased risk of poorer outcomes, including death, once they acquire the infection. A mixture of socio-economic, occupational and medical factors account for part of the increased risk. A proportion of the increased risk remains unaccounted for after adjustment for these other factors.
A teaching aid on addressing hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccination. WHO has identified vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Learn more about how to work with patients, the public and communities to improve confidence in Covid-19 vaccines.
Public perception on COVID-19 Vaccine(AstraZeneca) uptake presentation-Simon ...SimonMwaringa
Public Perception on Covid-19 ( AstraZeneca) Uptake at University of Eldoret: a case study at University of Eldoret.
2. Coronaviruses: from Animals to Humans
3. Covid-19: How does it affect you?
4. The pandemic "vaccine" development
5. Vaccine Devpt against SARS-CoV-2
6. How two types of COVID-19 Vaccine Work
7. Key features of the spike protein
8. Testing Vaccines
9. An array of Vaccines
10. Perception
11. Justification
12. Objectives
*General Objectives
*Specific Objectives
13. Research Questions
14. Materials and Methods
15. Demographic Characteristic of Respondents
16. Ratio of Male to Female Willingness for COVID-19 Vaccine
17. Immunization Centre Awareness
18. Vaccine Knowledge from Respondents
19. Public Trust in Government's choice of Vaccine
20. Public Trust in Pharmaceutical Companies
21. Vaccination Status of Respondents
22. Influence of Vaccine Uptake by Religious Leaders
23. Safety Concerns towards COVID-19 Vaccine
24. Conspiracies
25. Do you believe in the Conspiracy Theories
26. Conclusion
27. Recommendation
28. End
Covid 19 in the UK - Public Health and Primary Care PerspectivesAzeem Majeed
In this seminar, I discuss some of the public health and primary care impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK; including the NHS respons, health inequalities and vaccination.
Covid-19 in the United Kingdom: Impact on ethnic minority groupsAzeem Majeed
People from BAME communities are more likely to be at increased risk of acquiring Covid-19. People from BAME communities are also at increased risk of poorer outcomes, including death, once they acquire the infection. A mixture of socio-economic, occupational and medical factors account for part of the increased risk. A proportion of the increased risk remains unaccounted for after adjustment for these other factors.
A teaching aid on addressing hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccination. WHO has identified vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Learn more about how to work with patients, the public and communities to improve confidence in Covid-19 vaccines.
Public perception on COVID-19 Vaccine(AstraZeneca) uptake presentation-Simon ...SimonMwaringa
Public Perception on Covid-19 ( AstraZeneca) Uptake at University of Eldoret: a case study at University of Eldoret.
2. Coronaviruses: from Animals to Humans
3. Covid-19: How does it affect you?
4. The pandemic "vaccine" development
5. Vaccine Devpt against SARS-CoV-2
6. How two types of COVID-19 Vaccine Work
7. Key features of the spike protein
8. Testing Vaccines
9. An array of Vaccines
10. Perception
11. Justification
12. Objectives
*General Objectives
*Specific Objectives
13. Research Questions
14. Materials and Methods
15. Demographic Characteristic of Respondents
16. Ratio of Male to Female Willingness for COVID-19 Vaccine
17. Immunization Centre Awareness
18. Vaccine Knowledge from Respondents
19. Public Trust in Government's choice of Vaccine
20. Public Trust in Pharmaceutical Companies
21. Vaccination Status of Respondents
22. Influence of Vaccine Uptake by Religious Leaders
23. Safety Concerns towards COVID-19 Vaccine
24. Conspiracies
25. Do you believe in the Conspiracy Theories
26. Conclusion
27. Recommendation
28. End
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Dr Jennifer Njenga from Canada Home Care Group spent an hour teaching and educating us on the topic Vaccines and You. She covered myths about the vaccines and why you must take the second dose.
Webinar Series on COVID-19 vaccine: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH
Speaker: Dr.Benedict Sim Lim Heng is a Consultant Infectious Disease Physician at the Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
This important presentation encompasses all the vaccines of COVID at current point of time; it's mechanism of action, its efficacy data's and advantages and disadvantages
Safety and Success in a Post-Pandemic Society - Daniela Accurso, MD, MPH - 7...Summit Health
The Covid-19 Pandemic has been a health crises that we have been fighting for the last year and a half. Dr. Accurso’s presentation is focused on reviewing how far we have come as a society and to address the questions, health concerns, and important precautions we need to take as we integrate ourselves back into a healthy community.
Webinar Series on COVID-19 vaccine: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH
Speaker: Dr. Veena Selvaratnam is a Haematologist, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Webinar Series on COVID-19 vaccine: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH
Speaker: Dr. Rizah Mazzuin Razali, the head of Geriatric Unit and Internal Medicine Physician working in Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Dr Jennifer Njenga from Canada Home Care Group spent an hour teaching and educating us on the topic Vaccines and You. She covered myths about the vaccines and why you must take the second dose.
Webinar Series on COVID-19 vaccine: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH
Speaker: Dr.Benedict Sim Lim Heng is a Consultant Infectious Disease Physician at the Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
This important presentation encompasses all the vaccines of COVID at current point of time; it's mechanism of action, its efficacy data's and advantages and disadvantages
Safety and Success in a Post-Pandemic Society - Daniela Accurso, MD, MPH - 7...Summit Health
The Covid-19 Pandemic has been a health crises that we have been fighting for the last year and a half. Dr. Accurso’s presentation is focused on reviewing how far we have come as a society and to address the questions, health concerns, and important precautions we need to take as we integrate ourselves back into a healthy community.
Webinar Series on COVID-19 vaccine: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH
Speaker: Dr. Veena Selvaratnam is a Haematologist, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Webinar Series on COVID-19 vaccine: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH
Speaker: Dr. Rizah Mazzuin Razali, the head of Geriatric Unit and Internal Medicine Physician working in Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
In this global pandemic, IBD patients and their healthcare providers from around the world share similar fears and concerns. SECURE-IBD is an international database to monitor and report on COVID-19 in IBD patients. By working across borders, we are learning how factors like age, other conditions, and IBD treatments impact COVID-19 outcomes. This slide deck also shares information about other research efforts that are ongoing to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients.
The Foundation would like to thank AbbVie Inc., Genentech, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen Biotech, Inc., Shire, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., sponsors of our COVID-19 materials. Additional support is provided through the Foundation’s annual giving program and individual donors.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular Disease.
No vaccine is completely safe or completely effective, while all known vaccine adverse events are minor and self limited, some vaccine have been associated with rare but serious health effects.
Webinar Series on COVID-19 vaccine: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH
Speaker: Dr. Low Lee Lee, Infectious Disease Physician at the Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Antibacterial therapy in COVID-19 patients - an evidence based guidelineDr Jay Prakash
Overuse of antibiotics, delivery of tests and procedures that have little or no clinical benefit is a huge problem in health care, and one that has gained much more attention over the past decade. But despite efforts to reduce overuse like Choosing Wisely, rates of low-value care have barely budged.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
This short presentation made in Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital is aimed to help Understanding the impact of COVID-19 pandemia in Cancer patients in term of prevention, diagnostic, and treatment.
Assignment on Covid 19 | Tutors India.pptxTutors India
Tutors india thesis and dissertation writing help guarantees that your dissertation is confidential, and so you do not have to worry about it.
For #Enquiry:
World: https://www.tutorsindia.com
UK: https://www.tutorsindia.com/uk
UAE: https://tutorsindia.com/ae/
Australia:https://www.tutorsindia.com/au/
Newzealand: https://www.tutorsindia.com/nz/
(UK): +44-1143520021
Mail: info@tutorsindia.com
Mail: info@tutorsuk.co.uk
(Whatsapp): +91-8754446690
In this presentation, we discuss the clinical trial process for the new Covid-19 vaccines. We discuss the different vaccine types. We also discuss the Covid-19 vaccines that the UK is currently using in the NHS, as well as vaccines likely to be used in the next year.
The NIHR Research Design Service provides support to NHS staff and academics preparing research proposals for submission to peer-reviewed funding competitions for applied health or social care research.
Brexit: What impact will it have on the UK's NHS and universities?Azeem Majeed
This presentation summarises some of the key impacts of Brexit on the UK's NHS and universities, public health in the UK, and the UK's life science industry.
Social Media in Medical Education Presentation April 2016Azeem Majeed
Writing in medicine - How to Capture an audience: Editorials, letters, blogs and social media
Professor Azeem Majeed, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London
Social media differentiates itself from more traditional forms of media by its immediacy and its focus on social interaction. Websites and online forums allow users to share information through interactive electronic exchanges. Many businesses now incorporate social media into their marketing strategies to deliver key messages, advertise services or improve communication with clients. The NHS, doctors and health professionals have been slower to take up the use of social media but we are now also now seeing increased use of social media in the health sector. In this interactive workshop, I will discuss how health professionals can use social media to get their messages across to patients, and also the use of social media in education and campaigning. I will also discuss writing for traditional medical journals with a focus on publications such as editorials, commentaries, letters and clinical discussions.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
3. Options for control of Covid-19
• Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions
• Medical Interventions
• Vaccines
4. Pfizer Vaccine:
Clinical Trial
Results
o A total of 43,548 participants were
included in phase 2/3 clinical trials:
o 21,720 received BNT162b2
o 21,728 received placebo.
o The trials took place in six
countries: US, Germany, Brazil,
Argentina, South Africa and Turkey
o Efficacy:
o BNT162b2 was 95% effective in
preventing Covid-19 (95% credible
interval, 90.3 to 97.6).
o Similar vaccine efficacy (generally 90
to 100%) was observed across
subgroups defined by age, sex, race,
ethnicity, baseline body-mass index,
and the presence of coexisting
conditions
Figure 1:
Above - Efficacy of BNT162b2 against Covid-19 after the First Dose.
Below - Covid-19 occurrence at least 7 days after the second dose in participants without evidence of infection
(NEJM: Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine)
5. Issues to be addressed
• How long does immunity last after vaccination?
• How effective are current vaccines against new variants?
• Will booster doses be needed and, if so, how frequently?
• What are the longer term outcomes after vaccination?
• How to identify serious but rare side effects?
• How to improve confidence in Covid-19 vaccines and
overcome vaccine hesitancy?
6. Vaccine hesitancy
“A delay in acceptance or refusal of safe vaccines despite availability of vaccine services.” World
Health Organization (WHO)
WHO has named vaccine hesitancy as one of the top 10 threats to global health
“Vaccines only work if people receive them”
8. Top reasons for vaccine hesitancy
I am worried about the side effects 44%
I am worried about the long term effects on my health 43%
I would wait to see how well the vaccine works 40%
I do not think it will be safe 24%
I do not feel COVID-19 is a personal risk 17%
I do not think it will work 12%
I am worried about the effect on an existing health condition 11%
I am against vaccines in general 8%
I am pregnant or trying to get pregnant and afraid of the effects on my baby 6%
I do not think I need the vaccine as I have tested positive for COVID-19 5%
I am worried it might be painful 3%
I am worried the vaccine will give me COVID-19 3%
9. The UK National Health Service
• Free healthcare at the point of access, funded by taxation
• Provides primary care, specialist and prevention services
• Collects data on healthcare use from all provider settings
• First point of access is generally primary care (general
practices), which can arrange investigations and specialist
referrals
• Primary care also responsible for issuing most drug
prescriptions and administering vaccines
10. Data for monitoring efficacy, safety and take-up of
Covid-19 vaccines
• Primary medical care data
• Hospital admissions data
• Cancer diagnoses
• Mortality records
• Vaccination records
• Covid-19 testing & genotyping data
11. Primary medical care data
• Collected by clinical staff (doctors, nurses, pharmacists,
healthcare assistants) working in primary care
• Data has been stored using electronic medical records for over
20 years in most primary care (general) practices
• 100% current use of electronic medical records
• Data is population-based, from “cradle to grave”
• For Covid-19 research, primary care data has been linked to
other records – hospital, mortality, testing, vaccination
• Linkage of data is possible through use of a unique 10 digit
personal identifier, NHS Number
12. Concerns about safety can undermine vaccine
confidence and increase vaccine hesitancy
21. Monitoring safety of vaccines
• Adverse events are reported to the UK Medicines and
Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
• MHRA issues alerts and guidance to health professionals
• Advice issued to use Pfizer and Moderna vaccines in people
under 40 years because of concerns about clotting disorders
with AstraZeneca vaccine
• In longer-term, linked data sets will be used to look in more
detail at adverse events
22. Future developments in data availability
• General Practice Data for Planning and Research (GPDPR)
• Was due to start in July 2021, covering 56M people in England
but start now delayed
• GPDPR will provide access to near-real-time data from general
practice electronic medical records for planning and research
• GPDPR will end the need for ad-hoc data collections
• Proposals have generated complaints from the public because
of distrust of government and lack of consultation
23.
24. Conclusions
• Vaccines offer the best method for controlling the global
Covid-19 pandemic
• Vaccine hesitancy is a key issue globally, particularly among
marginalised groups, minorities and the poor
• Collecting data on the long-term safety, efficacy and take-up of
Covid-19 vaccines is a public health priority
• Provides data for planning vaccination services and for
improving public confidence in vaccines
• Essential to obtain public trust for medical data collection and
linkage of health records
25. Acknowledgements
• UK Office for National Statistics
• Public Health England
• World Health Organization
• Our World in Data
• Twitter @Azeem_Majeed
Editor's Notes
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine | NEJM
