Breaking the trap: CGIAR experiences in resilience research

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1) The document discusses research by the CGIAR on resilience and avoiding "traps" that prevent social-ecological systems from transitioning to more productive and sustainable states. 2) It identifies several types of "resilience traps" that systems can fall into including risk traps, consumption/production traps, variability traps, resource access traps, policy traps, and cultural traps. 3) The research aims to apply a "resilience lens" to better understand these traps and identify pathways for increasing resilience through improved resource management to lift systems out of undesirable low-productive situations.

Technology

Breaking the trap: CGIAR
experiences in resilience research
Alain Vidal
Resilience 2014, Montpellier

Resilience, cattle and termites
S
SWater depletion,
grazing pressure,
loss of soil organic
matter
Manure applied
through night
corralling
provides a
preferred diet for
the termites
Wet Season:
Dry matter 4.5 T/ha
9 species / m²
Wet Season:
Dry matter 0 T/ha
0 species / m²

CPWF’s resilience lens
• Facing situations where social-ecological systems trapped on
undesirable low-productive pathways
• Research cannot halt the factors contributing to agricultural
land degradation (climate change, population growth, and
migration)
• CPWF refocused on increasing the resilience of social and
ecological systems through better water management for
food production

Regime shifts - moving upwards while
preventing falling over the edge

BSMs in the Andes trigger change
between alternate resilient states
S
Annual net income:
US$ 2,183/ha
Annual net income:
US$ 1,870/ha
Conservation
agriculture and
paramo
restoration
supported by
revolving fund
Farmers‘
insufficient gain
and risk
aversion: only
11% converted
Revolving fund credit:
+180 farmers /year
Potato cropping,
grazing pressure,
degradation of paramo

Goats markets in Zimbabwe
improve farmers’ resilience
S
SRecurrent droughts,
increasing climate
variability, poor
connection to markets
Improved livestock:
US$ 50 per goat
Goat mortality
down to 10%
Rainfed maize cropping: US$16/ha
Livestock: US$10 per goat
Local markets
Producers self-esteem
Improved rangeland
production replacing
US$15 / goat of stock
feed value

Resilience traps identified by CPWF
• Risk traps
 High risk situations (eg drought,
health risk, financial collapse)
reduce internal incentives to
invest in the system
• Consumption/production traps
 Rate of bio-resources
consumption too close to the
production rate
 Resource mining

Resilience traps identified by CPWF
• Variability traps
 Small investments do take place
but variability (eg climate) and
resulting losses of capital limit
development changes
• Resource access traps
 Despite high productivity farmers have
too small land lots which results in a cap
of revenues

Resilience traps identified by CPWF
• Policy traps
 Disenabling policies and lack
of transparency prevents
markets and resources being
used effectively
• Cultural traps
 Mindsets prevent change,
eg “food security means
production not income”

Concluding questions
• Are we ready to test how resilience thinking
could help stop digging and identify
pathways to sustainable intensification?
• Has anyone been successful
using a ‘resilience lens’ to
get an ecosystem and/or a
poor community out of any
of these traps?

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1. Breaking the trap: CGIAR experiences in resilience research Alain Vidal Resilience 2014, Montpellier

2. Resilience, cattle and termites S SWater depletion, grazing pressure, loss of soil organic matter Manure applied through night corralling provides a preferred diet for the termites Wet Season: Dry matter 4.5 T/ha 9 species / m² Wet Season: Dry matter 0 T/ha 0 species / m²

3. CPWF’s resilience lens • Facing situations where social-ecological systems trapped on undesirable low-productive pathways • Research cannot halt the factors contributing to agricultural land degradation (climate change, population growth, and migration) • CPWF refocused on increasing the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food production

4. Regime shifts - moving upwards while preventing falling over the edge

5. BSMs in the Andes trigger change between alternate resilient states S Annual net income: US$ 2,183/ha Annual net income: US$ 1,870/ha Conservation agriculture and paramo restoration supported by revolving fund Farmers‘ insufficient gain and risk aversion: only 11% converted Revolving fund credit: +180 farmers /year Potato cropping, grazing pressure, degradation of paramo

6. Goats markets in Zimbabwe improve farmers’ resilience S SRecurrent droughts, increasing climate variability, poor connection to markets Improved livestock: US$ 50 per goat Goat mortality down to 10% Rainfed maize cropping: US$16/ha Livestock: US$10 per goat Local markets Producers self-esteem Improved rangeland production replacing US$15 / goat of stock feed value

7. Fair enough but… How about traps ?

8. Resilience traps identified by CPWF • Risk traps  High risk situations (eg drought, health risk, financial collapse) reduce internal incentives to invest in the system • Consumption/production traps  Rate of bio-resources consumption too close to the production rate  Resource mining

9. Resilience traps identified by CPWF • Variability traps  Small investments do take place but variability (eg climate) and resulting losses of capital limit development changes • Resource access traps  Despite high productivity farmers have too small land lots which results in a cap of revenues

10. Resilience traps identified by CPWF • Policy traps  Disenabling policies and lack of transparency prevents markets and resources being used effectively • Cultural traps  Mindsets prevent change, eg “food security means production not income”

11. Concluding questions • Are we ready to test how resilience thinking could help stop digging and identify pathways to sustainable intensification? • Has anyone been successful using a ‘resilience lens’ to get an ecosystem and/or a poor community out of any of these traps?

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