Feminist perspectives on media focus on analyzing how gender structures society and our experiences. Early feminist media studies highlighted how women were underrepresented or portrayed in stereotypical roles. Liberal feminism aims to achieve equal opportunities, while radical feminism sees patriarchy as oppressing all women. Socialist feminism incorporates class analysis. Cultural studies approaches examine audience interpretations and the social construction of gender through media. Feminist critiques aim to make masculinity and power relations visible and provide alternative communications.
This document summarizes a literature review that examines how intersectionality methodology has been applied in studies of Black women's experiences in higher education over the past 30 years. The review analyzes 680 studies and finds that 23 studies engaged Kimberlé Crenshaw's three-dimensional framework of intersectionality, which includes structural, political, and representational dimensions. While these studies seldom used the term "intersectionality," they employed four strategies that the review coins as "intersectionality methodology." The strategies provide a guide for applying intersectionality as a methodological tool in social science research.
This document summarizes key aspects of Black feminist thought and its development. It discusses [1] early voices that advocated for women's rights like Sojourner Truth and Maria Stewart, [2] the intersecting oppressions Black women face around race, class and gender, and [3] how Black feminist intellectuals have worked to develop Black feminist thought through discovering and reinterpreting works by Black women.
Karl Marx was a famous German philosopher and economist born in 1818 who is known as the father of communism. Some of Marx's most influential ideas included historical materialism, alienation, mode of production, class consciousness, and class struggle. Marx believed that changes in society and history are directly related to changes in modes of production and technology. He saw capitalism as exploiting workers and creating conflict between social classes that would ultimately lead to revolution. Marx's ideas have had a significant impact on societies and political ideologies around the world.
There are several strands of feminist legal theory, including liberal, radical, cultural, Black, postmodern, and pragmatic feminisms. Radical feminism views patriarchy as the fundamental source of inequality, seeking to transform relationships between the sexes. It argues that pornography perpetuates male dominance and desensitizes men to violence against women. Cultural feminism believes there is a distinct feminine approach to moral issues that differs from the male-centered legal system. Feminist theories have been criticized for potentially essentializing women and ignoring diversity in women's experiences.
Feminism emerged as a movement and body of ideas that aimed to enhance women’s status and power. Simply put, feminism affirms women’s equality with men, and rejects patriarchy.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in feminism and gender theory, including:
- Definitions of feminism and a brief history covering first, second, and third-wave feminism.
- Summaries of the work and ideas of prominent theorists Angela McRobbie and Judith Butler. McRobbie studied youth culture and gender, while Butler argued that gender is a social construct and performance rather than a stable identity.
- An introduction to queer theory and how it builds on Butler's work to question traditional definitions of sex, gender, and sexuality.
Feminism is defined as advocating for social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men. There have been several waves of feminism throughout history fighting for these rights. The first wave in the late 19th century focused on issues like property rights and suffrage. The second wave from the 1960s-1980s examined the social construction of gender roles and how they oppress women. Third wave feminism from the early 1990s responded to some perceived failures of the second wave to consider differences among women. There are various branches of feminist thought that have developed over time with different approaches to analyzing and addressing the oppression of women.
Feminist perspectives on media focus on analyzing how gender structures society and our experiences. Early feminist media studies highlighted how women were underrepresented or portrayed in stereotypical roles. Liberal feminism aims to achieve equal opportunities, while radical feminism sees patriarchy as oppressing all women. Socialist feminism incorporates class analysis. Cultural studies approaches examine audience interpretations and the social construction of gender through media. Feminist critiques aim to make masculinity and power relations visible and provide alternative communications.
This document summarizes a literature review that examines how intersectionality methodology has been applied in studies of Black women's experiences in higher education over the past 30 years. The review analyzes 680 studies and finds that 23 studies engaged Kimberlé Crenshaw's three-dimensional framework of intersectionality, which includes structural, political, and representational dimensions. While these studies seldom used the term "intersectionality," they employed four strategies that the review coins as "intersectionality methodology." The strategies provide a guide for applying intersectionality as a methodological tool in social science research.
This document summarizes key aspects of Black feminist thought and its development. It discusses [1] early voices that advocated for women's rights like Sojourner Truth and Maria Stewart, [2] the intersecting oppressions Black women face around race, class and gender, and [3] how Black feminist intellectuals have worked to develop Black feminist thought through discovering and reinterpreting works by Black women.
Karl Marx was a famous German philosopher and economist born in 1818 who is known as the father of communism. Some of Marx's most influential ideas included historical materialism, alienation, mode of production, class consciousness, and class struggle. Marx believed that changes in society and history are directly related to changes in modes of production and technology. He saw capitalism as exploiting workers and creating conflict between social classes that would ultimately lead to revolution. Marx's ideas have had a significant impact on societies and political ideologies around the world.
There are several strands of feminist legal theory, including liberal, radical, cultural, Black, postmodern, and pragmatic feminisms. Radical feminism views patriarchy as the fundamental source of inequality, seeking to transform relationships between the sexes. It argues that pornography perpetuates male dominance and desensitizes men to violence against women. Cultural feminism believes there is a distinct feminine approach to moral issues that differs from the male-centered legal system. Feminist theories have been criticized for potentially essentializing women and ignoring diversity in women's experiences.
Feminism emerged as a movement and body of ideas that aimed to enhance women’s status and power. Simply put, feminism affirms women’s equality with men, and rejects patriarchy.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in feminism and gender theory, including:
- Definitions of feminism and a brief history covering first, second, and third-wave feminism.
- Summaries of the work and ideas of prominent theorists Angela McRobbie and Judith Butler. McRobbie studied youth culture and gender, while Butler argued that gender is a social construct and performance rather than a stable identity.
- An introduction to queer theory and how it builds on Butler's work to question traditional definitions of sex, gender, and sexuality.
Feminism is defined as advocating for social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men. There have been several waves of feminism throughout history fighting for these rights. The first wave in the late 19th century focused on issues like property rights and suffrage. The second wave from the 1960s-1980s examined the social construction of gender roles and how they oppress women. Third wave feminism from the early 1990s responded to some perceived failures of the second wave to consider differences among women. There are various branches of feminist thought that have developed over time with different approaches to analyzing and addressing the oppression of women.
Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining and establishing equal political, economic, and social rights for women. It has occurred in three waves, focusing on women's suffrage, gender equality, and continued issues of oppression, respectively. Feminism explores the interconnected nature of concepts like patriarchy, sexism, and women's status globally that contribute to women's inequality. It aims to challenge these systems through perspectives like liberal, radical, socialist, and postcolonial feminism.
This document provides a comparative analysis of Feminism and Marxism, specifically regarding their approaches to literary criticism. Both theories aim to critique and change society, though Feminism focuses on women's rights and patriarchal oppression, while Marxism examines class struggles under capitalism. When analyzing literature, both look at how works reflect and influence societal ideologies and the experiences of marginalized groups. They also seek to establish new canons that include neglected texts. While having different focuses, Feminism and Marxism both argue that certain groups are oppressed by those in power and aim to redistribute power more equally through social change. Examples from works of literature are used to illustrate their principles.
This document discusses the history and key concepts of feminism. It defines feminism as the belief that women should have equal rights to men. It also defines phallocentrism as the belief that identifies the phallus as the source of power in culture and literature. The document then provides examples of quotes from historical male figures that are discriminatory towards women. It discusses the development of feminism over time, from ancient Greece to the 19th century women's suffrage movement. Key feminist thinkers and their works criticizing patriarchal systems are also summarized, such as Woolf, Beauvoir and Millet. Different geographical strains of feminism including American, British and French feminism are outlined. The document concludes with examples
used for reporting in ENG 214 - Introduction to Stylistics
includes the 3 waves of feminism, post feminism, feminist writers and literature, stereotypes of women in literature
This document provides an overview of Marxist and Feminist literary criticism frameworks. It discusses how the Marxist lens examines socioeconomic factors and class structures, and how the Feminist lens analyzes gender roles and the portrayal of women. Key questions and terms are outlined for each approach. Examples of works that could be analyzed using these frameworks are also provided.
This document provides an overview of various feminist perspectives including liberal, radical, Marxist, cultural, and intersectional feminism. It discusses how each perspective examines issues related to gender, power dynamics, and the social construction of masculinity and femininity. Examples are given of how each perspective could be applied in analyzing popular culture texts. The document also covers waves of feminism and provides guidance on conducting feminist analyses and definitions of relevant terms.
Schools of feminist thought (Feminist Jurisprudence)Quincy Kiptoo
There are several schools of feminist thought including liberal feminism, radical feminism, cultural feminism, postmodern feminism, Marxist feminism, and socialist feminism. Liberal feminism focuses on equal rights and opportunities for women and men, but is criticized for failing to address underlying social structures that disadvantage women. Radical feminism views women as an oppressed class dominated by men. Cultural feminism emphasizes embracing women's differences. Postmodern feminism rejects essentialist views of gender. Marxist feminism sees private property and capitalism as the roots of women's economic inequality and dependence. Socialist feminism argues that ending both the economic and cultural sources of women's oppression is needed for liberation.
Feminism has significantly influenced sociology in two main ways. First, it has brought to light issues that were previously overlooked, such as women's experiences. Second, it has criticized traditional sociological methods for reinforcing hierarchies between researchers and subjects. In response, feminist researchers have advocated more collaborative methods. However, critics argue that feminist methodology does not eliminate power imbalances and early feminism did not consider the experiences of all women.
The document discusses different terms used to describe divisions in the world based on economic development and geography. It also examines the differences between Western feminism and indigenous or Third World feminisms, exploring concepts like hegemonic feminism, oppositional consciousness, and tactical subjectivity. Third Wave and Third World feminisms are situated within discussions of transnational public spheres, globalization, and technology.
This document provides an introduction to feminist literary theory. It discusses how feminist theory examines literature through the lens of gender politics and the social constructs of masculinity and femininity. The summary discusses the history of feminism through three waves that addressed women's social, political, and economic positions. It also outlines some key feminist concepts like patriarchy, gender roles, and oppression and marginalization of women. Examples from literary works are provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document introduces feminism as a theoretical framework that analyzes texts and social issues from the perspective of those who are oppressed, with a focus on power relationships and social justice. It discusses that feminism considers issues of gender as well as race, class, ability, sexuality and other identity factors. The document specifically focuses on multiracial feminism and the experiences of women of color. It defines patriarchy as a system that privileges men over women through the participation of both men and women. Finally, it states that this course will use works by women of color to explore issues of power relationships, oppression of women, and women's resistance through a feminist lens.
Feminism is defined as the belief that women and men should have equal rights and opportunities. It arose from the understanding that historically, women have been unable to fully participate in social institutions and have often been treated differently than men. Feminism aims to remedy this situation by eliminating old assumptions about gender roles. There have been three major waves of feminism. The first wave in the late 19th and early 20th centuries focused on women's suffrage and legal rights. The second wave from the 1960s-90s took on issues like reproductive rights and the fight for the Equal Rights Amendment. The third wave since the 1990s challenges concepts like universal womanhood and promotes defining femininity on women's own terms.
Intersectionality: What does it mean and how can we better engage with it?CIFOR-ICRAF
The document discusses intersectionality and how considering multiple social factors provides a more nuanced understanding of vulnerability to climate change impacts than only looking at gender. It provides examples from various contexts of how gender intersects with other attributes like class, caste, ethnicity, age, and location to differently structure vulnerabilities for different groups of women. The document advocates applying an intersectional lens in research to more accurately diagnose problems and design effective solutions by collecting disaggregated data and critically examining how social power relations construct and manifest in various categories and institutions.
Decolonising Brown History: The Power of Pluriversal PedagogiesEchoExpertisecentrum
Hoewel het postkolonialisme het einde van kolonialiteit suggereert, bewijst de hedendaagse sociale strijd rond etniciteit en cultuur het tegendeel. Racisme en zogenaamde ‘’colour prejudice’’ zijn een directe manifestatie van de koloniale orde die van oudsher het Westerse boven het niet-Westerse plaatst. Door het internaliseren van deze hiërarchische machtsdynamiek, strekt het kolonialisme ver voorbij de fysieke wereld en is de geest nog altijd gekoloniseerd, zelfs ondanks de vermeende onafhankelijkheid.
Het deconstrueren van de koloniale rationaliteit is dan ook noodzakelijk voor het verwezenlijken van ware onafhankelijkheid en bevrijding van de onderdrukkende Westerse kaders die op zijn beurt door de universaliteit van het Westen worden oplegt.
Onderwijs is essentieel voor dit proces van bevrijding, gezien het fundamentele belang van het afleren van kolonialiteit en het aanleren van dekolonialiteit om de geest volledig te dekoloniseren. Om dit bevrijdende potentieel te ontketenen, moet de pedagogische aard verschuiven van universeel naar pluriverseel, waarbij raciale en culturele verschillen worden erkend en omarmd. Een moreel rechtvaardig onderwijssysteem dat de nadruk legt op de deugden van respect en verantwoordelijkheid, is daarbij van essentieel belang om een gelijkwaardige samenleving te creëren, wat bevrijd is van koloniale connotaties.
Marxist Literary Criticism analyzes literature through a sociological lens, viewing works as products of their historical/material conditions. It sees what we think of as worldviews as actually reflecting the dominant class's ideology. It focuses on class struggles and power dynamics revealed through literature. Key concepts include commodification, conspicuous consumption, dialectical materialism, material circumstances, and reflectionism. Strengths include encouraging close readings, but it is limited in only examining one aspect and potentially threatening/dismissing aesthetic qualities.
This document discusses several key aspects of feminist theory and politics related to gender, representation, and subjectivity. It addresses how political and linguistic representation often only extends to what can be acknowledged as a subject. It also examines how identity is socially constructed and assured through stabilizing gender norms, and how those who fail to conform to these norms may not be considered subjects. Finally, it discusses how power produces regulatory discourses that impose artificial binaries between sexes and internal coherence.
This document provides definitions for various key concepts and theories in media studies, including representation, mediation, situated culture, uses and gratifications theory, ideology, cultural imperialism, hegemony, feminism, post-colonialism, Marxism, stereotypes, Propp's theory, false consciousness, gaze theory, bourgeoisie, Todorov's theory, patriarchy, second wave feminism, binary opposition, and liberal pluralism. Each term is defined in 1-2 sentences.
Feminism aims to challenge patriarchal power structures and promote gender equality. It analyzes how media transmit cultural values and reinforce patriarchal ideology through gender stereotypes. Feminist media theory examines how media construct ideas of femininity and masculinity, and how the "male gaze" objectifies women for the male viewer. While early representations often reduced women to victims or sex objects, modern media have more empowering female characters, though some argue this is just new stereotypes. Feminism continues working for true equality in public and private spheres.
This document provides background information on Michael Hames-Garcia, an author and professor who writes about race and identity. It outlines his education and publications. The introduction discusses Hames-Garcia's perspective on different scholarly positions regarding beliefs about race and his aim to clarify these positions. He examines approaches that view racial identity as a problem rather than a solution, and discusses theorists like Wendy Brown, Walter Benn Michaels, Anibal Quijano and Manuel Castells. Hames-Garcia ultimately argues that while race exists socially and psychologically, it also has real material and economic impacts due to the effects and legacies of racism.
168 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA Figure AnastaciaShadelb
This document summarizes Patricia Hill Collins's work on Black feminist thought. It discusses how Black women have faced common challenges like racial segregation and discrimination, but have also had diverse experiences and responses to those challenges. While shared experiences have led to some common perspectives among Black women as a group, individual experiences and interpretations have varied as well. The document examines how Black feminist thought has emerged from both the collective standpoint of Black women's intersecting oppressions as a group, as well as the diverse responses to those oppressions.
Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining and establishing equal political, economic, and social rights for women. It has occurred in three waves, focusing on women's suffrage, gender equality, and continued issues of oppression, respectively. Feminism explores the interconnected nature of concepts like patriarchy, sexism, and women's status globally that contribute to women's inequality. It aims to challenge these systems through perspectives like liberal, radical, socialist, and postcolonial feminism.
This document provides a comparative analysis of Feminism and Marxism, specifically regarding their approaches to literary criticism. Both theories aim to critique and change society, though Feminism focuses on women's rights and patriarchal oppression, while Marxism examines class struggles under capitalism. When analyzing literature, both look at how works reflect and influence societal ideologies and the experiences of marginalized groups. They also seek to establish new canons that include neglected texts. While having different focuses, Feminism and Marxism both argue that certain groups are oppressed by those in power and aim to redistribute power more equally through social change. Examples from works of literature are used to illustrate their principles.
This document discusses the history and key concepts of feminism. It defines feminism as the belief that women should have equal rights to men. It also defines phallocentrism as the belief that identifies the phallus as the source of power in culture and literature. The document then provides examples of quotes from historical male figures that are discriminatory towards women. It discusses the development of feminism over time, from ancient Greece to the 19th century women's suffrage movement. Key feminist thinkers and their works criticizing patriarchal systems are also summarized, such as Woolf, Beauvoir and Millet. Different geographical strains of feminism including American, British and French feminism are outlined. The document concludes with examples
used for reporting in ENG 214 - Introduction to Stylistics
includes the 3 waves of feminism, post feminism, feminist writers and literature, stereotypes of women in literature
This document provides an overview of Marxist and Feminist literary criticism frameworks. It discusses how the Marxist lens examines socioeconomic factors and class structures, and how the Feminist lens analyzes gender roles and the portrayal of women. Key questions and terms are outlined for each approach. Examples of works that could be analyzed using these frameworks are also provided.
This document provides an overview of various feminist perspectives including liberal, radical, Marxist, cultural, and intersectional feminism. It discusses how each perspective examines issues related to gender, power dynamics, and the social construction of masculinity and femininity. Examples are given of how each perspective could be applied in analyzing popular culture texts. The document also covers waves of feminism and provides guidance on conducting feminist analyses and definitions of relevant terms.
Schools of feminist thought (Feminist Jurisprudence)Quincy Kiptoo
There are several schools of feminist thought including liberal feminism, radical feminism, cultural feminism, postmodern feminism, Marxist feminism, and socialist feminism. Liberal feminism focuses on equal rights and opportunities for women and men, but is criticized for failing to address underlying social structures that disadvantage women. Radical feminism views women as an oppressed class dominated by men. Cultural feminism emphasizes embracing women's differences. Postmodern feminism rejects essentialist views of gender. Marxist feminism sees private property and capitalism as the roots of women's economic inequality and dependence. Socialist feminism argues that ending both the economic and cultural sources of women's oppression is needed for liberation.
Feminism has significantly influenced sociology in two main ways. First, it has brought to light issues that were previously overlooked, such as women's experiences. Second, it has criticized traditional sociological methods for reinforcing hierarchies between researchers and subjects. In response, feminist researchers have advocated more collaborative methods. However, critics argue that feminist methodology does not eliminate power imbalances and early feminism did not consider the experiences of all women.
The document discusses different terms used to describe divisions in the world based on economic development and geography. It also examines the differences between Western feminism and indigenous or Third World feminisms, exploring concepts like hegemonic feminism, oppositional consciousness, and tactical subjectivity. Third Wave and Third World feminisms are situated within discussions of transnational public spheres, globalization, and technology.
This document provides an introduction to feminist literary theory. It discusses how feminist theory examines literature through the lens of gender politics and the social constructs of masculinity and femininity. The summary discusses the history of feminism through three waves that addressed women's social, political, and economic positions. It also outlines some key feminist concepts like patriarchy, gender roles, and oppression and marginalization of women. Examples from literary works are provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document introduces feminism as a theoretical framework that analyzes texts and social issues from the perspective of those who are oppressed, with a focus on power relationships and social justice. It discusses that feminism considers issues of gender as well as race, class, ability, sexuality and other identity factors. The document specifically focuses on multiracial feminism and the experiences of women of color. It defines patriarchy as a system that privileges men over women through the participation of both men and women. Finally, it states that this course will use works by women of color to explore issues of power relationships, oppression of women, and women's resistance through a feminist lens.
Feminism is defined as the belief that women and men should have equal rights and opportunities. It arose from the understanding that historically, women have been unable to fully participate in social institutions and have often been treated differently than men. Feminism aims to remedy this situation by eliminating old assumptions about gender roles. There have been three major waves of feminism. The first wave in the late 19th and early 20th centuries focused on women's suffrage and legal rights. The second wave from the 1960s-90s took on issues like reproductive rights and the fight for the Equal Rights Amendment. The third wave since the 1990s challenges concepts like universal womanhood and promotes defining femininity on women's own terms.
Intersectionality: What does it mean and how can we better engage with it?CIFOR-ICRAF
The document discusses intersectionality and how considering multiple social factors provides a more nuanced understanding of vulnerability to climate change impacts than only looking at gender. It provides examples from various contexts of how gender intersects with other attributes like class, caste, ethnicity, age, and location to differently structure vulnerabilities for different groups of women. The document advocates applying an intersectional lens in research to more accurately diagnose problems and design effective solutions by collecting disaggregated data and critically examining how social power relations construct and manifest in various categories and institutions.
Decolonising Brown History: The Power of Pluriversal PedagogiesEchoExpertisecentrum
Hoewel het postkolonialisme het einde van kolonialiteit suggereert, bewijst de hedendaagse sociale strijd rond etniciteit en cultuur het tegendeel. Racisme en zogenaamde ‘’colour prejudice’’ zijn een directe manifestatie van de koloniale orde die van oudsher het Westerse boven het niet-Westerse plaatst. Door het internaliseren van deze hiërarchische machtsdynamiek, strekt het kolonialisme ver voorbij de fysieke wereld en is de geest nog altijd gekoloniseerd, zelfs ondanks de vermeende onafhankelijkheid.
Het deconstrueren van de koloniale rationaliteit is dan ook noodzakelijk voor het verwezenlijken van ware onafhankelijkheid en bevrijding van de onderdrukkende Westerse kaders die op zijn beurt door de universaliteit van het Westen worden oplegt.
Onderwijs is essentieel voor dit proces van bevrijding, gezien het fundamentele belang van het afleren van kolonialiteit en het aanleren van dekolonialiteit om de geest volledig te dekoloniseren. Om dit bevrijdende potentieel te ontketenen, moet de pedagogische aard verschuiven van universeel naar pluriverseel, waarbij raciale en culturele verschillen worden erkend en omarmd. Een moreel rechtvaardig onderwijssysteem dat de nadruk legt op de deugden van respect en verantwoordelijkheid, is daarbij van essentieel belang om een gelijkwaardige samenleving te creëren, wat bevrijd is van koloniale connotaties.
Marxist Literary Criticism analyzes literature through a sociological lens, viewing works as products of their historical/material conditions. It sees what we think of as worldviews as actually reflecting the dominant class's ideology. It focuses on class struggles and power dynamics revealed through literature. Key concepts include commodification, conspicuous consumption, dialectical materialism, material circumstances, and reflectionism. Strengths include encouraging close readings, but it is limited in only examining one aspect and potentially threatening/dismissing aesthetic qualities.
This document discusses several key aspects of feminist theory and politics related to gender, representation, and subjectivity. It addresses how political and linguistic representation often only extends to what can be acknowledged as a subject. It also examines how identity is socially constructed and assured through stabilizing gender norms, and how those who fail to conform to these norms may not be considered subjects. Finally, it discusses how power produces regulatory discourses that impose artificial binaries between sexes and internal coherence.
This document provides definitions for various key concepts and theories in media studies, including representation, mediation, situated culture, uses and gratifications theory, ideology, cultural imperialism, hegemony, feminism, post-colonialism, Marxism, stereotypes, Propp's theory, false consciousness, gaze theory, bourgeoisie, Todorov's theory, patriarchy, second wave feminism, binary opposition, and liberal pluralism. Each term is defined in 1-2 sentences.
Feminism aims to challenge patriarchal power structures and promote gender equality. It analyzes how media transmit cultural values and reinforce patriarchal ideology through gender stereotypes. Feminist media theory examines how media construct ideas of femininity and masculinity, and how the "male gaze" objectifies women for the male viewer. While early representations often reduced women to victims or sex objects, modern media have more empowering female characters, though some argue this is just new stereotypes. Feminism continues working for true equality in public and private spheres.
This document provides background information on Michael Hames-Garcia, an author and professor who writes about race and identity. It outlines his education and publications. The introduction discusses Hames-Garcia's perspective on different scholarly positions regarding beliefs about race and his aim to clarify these positions. He examines approaches that view racial identity as a problem rather than a solution, and discusses theorists like Wendy Brown, Walter Benn Michaels, Anibal Quijano and Manuel Castells. Hames-Garcia ultimately argues that while race exists socially and psychologically, it also has real material and economic impacts due to the effects and legacies of racism.
168 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA Figure AnastaciaShadelb
This document summarizes Patricia Hill Collins's work on Black feminist thought. It discusses how Black women have faced common challenges like racial segregation and discrimination, but have also had diverse experiences and responses to those challenges. While shared experiences have led to some common perspectives among Black women as a group, individual experiences and interpretations have varied as well. The document examines how Black feminist thought has emerged from both the collective standpoint of Black women's intersecting oppressions as a group, as well as the diverse responses to those oppressions.
This document provides an overview and analysis of feminist literary criticism and the concept of black feminist consciousness as depicted in Alice Walker's novel The Color Purple. It discusses early feminist works in the 1960s-70s that critiqued the portrayal of women in literature by male authors. It also summarizes Elaine Showalter's models of feminist literary criticism and highlights contributions by American feminist scholars. The document then examines the idea of black feminist consciousness and how black women writers depict their authentic experiences with intersecting oppressions of race and gender.
Spivakian Postcolonial-feminism Elements PPt.pdflaya91
This document provides a summary of Doris Lessing's novels "The Grass is Singing" and "The Sweetest Dreams". It locates elements of postcolonial feminism in both novels through an analysis of the main characters and their experiences with subjugation, oppression, and resistance within colonial and patriarchal societies. The protagonist Mary Turner in "The Grass is Singing" struggles with expectations of femininity and marriage that conflict with her own identity. Characters in "The Sweetest Dreams" grapple with gender roles and social change across generations in 1960s England. The theoretical framework of postcolonial feminism, particularly the work of Gayatri Spivak, is used to examine these portray
The document discusses intersectionality theory and Black feminist thought as developed by Patricia Hill Collins. It explains that intersectionality examines how gender, race, class, and sexuality interact to create social inequalities. Collins argues that Black feminism develops knowledge in ways different from dominant white male perspectives and that Black women's experiences and knowledge should be recognized. The matrix of domination refers to how different forces like class, race and gender intersect to affect people, especially Black women.
Postcolonialism in The Wretched of the earthdivyaparmar44
The document discusses postcolonial views presented in Frantz Fanon's novel "The Wretched of the Earth". It summarizes that the novel is divided into five chapters that each explore a postcolonial theme, such as violence, spontaneity, national consciousness, culture, and the mental impact of colonial war. It also provides background on Fanon and postcolonial literature, noting that it examines identity formation, resistance to colonial powers, and empowerment of marginalized groups.
Paper.8.Four goals of Cultural Studies.sejalvaghela
This document outlines four goals of cultural studies:
1) Cultural studies is interdisciplinary, drawing from fields like Marxism, postmodernism, feminism, and postcolonial studies. It analyzes cultural phenomena across disciplines.
2) Cultural studies questions power structures and seeks to discover models for more equitable relationships between dominant and minority groups.
3) Cultural studies analyzes how individual subjectivity is culturally constructed and denies the separation between high and low or elite and popular culture. It studies the influence of economic and political forces on culture.
Chapter 3 The Central Frames of Color-Blind Racism The mas.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter 3
The Central Frames
of Color-Blind Racism
The master defense against accurate social perception and change is al-
ways and in every society the tremendous conviction of Tightness about
any behavior form which exists.
— John Dollard, Class and Caste in a Southern Town
If Jim Crow's racial structure has been replaced by a "new racism,"
what happened to Jim Crow racism? What happened to beliefs about
blacks' mental, moral, and intellectual inferiority, to the idea that "it is
the [black man's] own fault that he is a lower-caste ... a lower-class man"
or the assertion that blacks "lack initiative, are shiftless, have no sense of
time, or do not wish to better themselves" 1 ; in short, what happened to
the basic claim that blacks are subhuman? 2 Social analysts of all stripes
agree that most whites no longer subscribe to these tenets. However, this
does not mean the "end of racism," 3 as a few conservative commentators
have suggested. Instead, a new powerful ideology has emerged to defend
the contemporary racial order: the ideology of color-blind racism. Yet,
color-blind racism is a curious racial ideology. Although it engages, as all
ideologies do, in "blaming the victim," it does so in a very indirect, "now
you see it, now you don't" style that matches the character of the new
racism. Because of the slipperiness of color-blind racism, in this chapter, I
examine its central frames and explain how whites use them in ways that
justify racial inequality.
73
74
Chapter 3
THE FRAMES OF COLOR-BLIND RACISM
Ideologies are about "meaning in the service of power." 4 They are expres-
sions at the symbolic level of the fact of dominance. As such, the ideolo-
gies of the powerful are central in the production and reinforcement of
the status quo. They comfort rulers and charm the ruled much like an
Indian snake handler. Whereas rulers receive solace by believing they are
not involved in the terrible ordeal of creating and maintaining inequal-
ity, the ruled are charmed by the almost magic qualities of a hegemonic
ideology. 5
The central component of any dominant racial ideology is its frames or
set paths for interpreting information. These set paths operate as cul-de-sacs
because after people filter issues through them, they explain racial phe-
nomena following a predictable route. Although by definition dominant
frames must misrepresent the world (hide the fact of dominance), this
does not mean that they are totally without foundation. (For instance, it
is true that people of color in the United States are much better off today
than at any other time in history. However, it is also true — facts hidden
by color-blind racism — that because people of color still experience sys-
tematic discrimination and remain appreciably behind whites in many
important areas of life, their chances of catching up with whites are very
slim.) Dominant racial frames, therefore, provide the intellectual road
ma ...
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes .docxjaggernaoma
In our consumption-oriented, mediated society, much of what comes to pass as important is based often on the stories produced and disseminated by media institutions. Much of what audiences know and care about is based on the images, symbols, and narratives in radio, television, film, music, and other media. How individuals construct their social identities, how they come to understand what it means to be male, female, black, white, Asian, Latino, Native American—even rural or urban—is shaped by commodified texts produced by media for audiences that are increasingly segmented by the social constructions of race and gender. Media, in short, are central to what ultimately come to represent our social realities.
While sex differences are rooted in biology, how we come to understand and perform gender is based on culture.1 We view culture “as a process through which people circulate and struggle over the meanings of our social experiences, social relations, and therefore, our selves” (Byers & Dell, 1992, p. 191). Just as gender is a social construct through which a society defines what it means to be masculine or feminine, race also is a social construction. Race can no longer be seen as a biological category, and it has little basis in science or genetics. Identifiers such as hair and skin color serve as imperfect indicators of race. The racial categories we use to differentiate human difference have been created and changed to meet the dynamic social, political, and economic needs of our society. The premise [Page 298]that race and gender are social constructions underscores their centrality to the processes of human reality. Working from it compels us to understand the complex roles played by social institutions such as the media in shaping our increasingly gendered and racialized media culture. This chapter explores some of the ways mediated communication in the United States represents the social constructions of race and gender and ultimately contributes to our understanding of both, especially race.2
Although research on race, gender, and media traditionally has focused on under-represented, subordinate groups such as women and minorities, this chapter discusses scholarship on media representations of both genders and various racial groups. Therefore, we examine media constructions of masculinity, femininity, so-called people of color, and even white people.3 On the other hand, given the limitations of this chapter and the fact that media research on race has focused on African Americans, we devote greater attention to blacks but not at the exclusion of the emerging saliency of whiteness studies, which acknowledge whiteness as a social category and seek to expose and explain white privilege.4
Our theoretical and conceptual orientation encompasses research that is commonly referred to as “critical/cultural studies.” Numerous theoretical approaches have been used to examine issues of race, gender, and media, but we contend that critical/cultu.
This document summarizes the evolution of scholarship on the Black Power movement. It notes that early narratives portrayed Black Power negatively and dismissed its impact. However, over the past 15 years, new scholarship has provided nuanced analyses that demystify the movement and document its profound implications. The essay examines how the study of Black Power has grown from being part of civil rights historiography to becoming its own distinct field. It traces the roots of the Black Power movement in earlier 20th century radicalism and outlines some of the movement's key activities and impacts during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The Black Power Movement, A State of the Field. Joseph PE, 2009.RBG Communiversity
This document summarizes the evolution of scholarship on the black power movement. It discusses how early narratives portrayed black power negatively, undermining civil rights struggles. Recent studies have provided more nuanced perspectives, establishing black power studies as a field. The black power movement fundamentally transformed racial justice struggles through uncompromising pursuit of social, political, cultural, and economic change across various areas like education, politics, and women's issues. The meaning and impact of black power remains complex with both positive and negative dimensions.
The document discusses postcolonial studies and its examination of the global impact of European colonialism from the 15th century to present day. It aims to describe colonial power mechanisms, recover marginalized voices, and theorize colonial and postcolonial identities. A major issue is the nature of representation, as Western representations of third world countries served political interests. Postcolonial critics problematize "objective" perception and examine damaging stereotypes circulated through texts and media. Relatedly, Western education functioned to spread imperialism through cultural colonization. Postcolonial critics reject claims of universalism in Western literature and examine its representations of other cultures and silence on colonialism and imperialism.
Surname 13Name David ObengInstructor KarenCourse Socio.docxmattinsonjanel
Surname: 13
Name: David Obeng
Instructor: Karen
Course: Sociology of Race & Racism
Date:
RACE AND RACISM
Introduction
Race and ethnicity are subjects of scholarly articulation with academicians, politicians and masses tending to wish to explore more on the topic. Racism can be defined by a common belief that all members of a group or each race possess distinctiveness and abilities particular to that race or group especially so as to differentiate it as either inferior or superior to another race or ethnic group (Back, 20). This essay gives a narrative analysis of my personal experiences as I grew up in Canada, outlines race and ethnic theories that support and argument my perspectives of sociological perception about race and racism and gives a conclusive overview of the matter.
Overview of Canada
To comprehend Canada, one needs to comprehend racism because Canada has developed as a racist nation in the past decades even though measures have been instituted to curb the vice. Race unrests, racially-based union enrollment, segregated schools, mass expulsions of guiltless individuals, the state endorsed children kidnapping, a cognizant endeavor at cultural genocide and substantially more have formed Canada's history (Rees, 257).
Bigotry keeps on being manifested in different ways in Canadian culture. It is not an inaccessible "awful" memory, something that past eras experienced and practiced. Numerous Canadians recognize some history of racial abuse and the necessity to deal with it. In any case endeavors are frequently restricted by the continual difference of Canadian prejudice with American bigotry in a manner that empowers moral prevalence, drawing on such antiquities as the Underground Railroad. The lack of the chronicled memory of the act of servitude by individuals from the family conservative in Upper and Lower Canada or the deliberately uneven salaries paid to Blacks doing similar function as white laborers, which incited mobs. The result is an upsetting refusal of contemporary racial abuse.
The Canadian record on prejudice still incorporates a legacy Aboriginal individuals need to live with day by day, confiscated of their territory by power and cunning, exploited by social genocide, denied to participate in certain monetary exercises until under thirty years back (Larocque, 73). A legacy that building determination of long-standing arrangement cases extended because it includes sharing of authority.
My experience
I was brought up in Toronto. I attended schools that were prevalently non-Native and got to be usual to being the only black Canadian in the room. I additionally grew up with a family who were profoundly established in our way of life, dialect, services, and perspectives. Being so profoundly inundated in both Native and non-Native groups I knew from a youthful age that these two realms did not in any way fit together. I recall some of my companions letting me know that their folks did not need me over at their home f ...
The document summarizes five types of cultural studies: (1) British Cultural Materialism, (2) New Historicism, (3) American Multiculturalism including African American, Latina/o, American Indian, and Asian American writers, (4) Postmodernism and Popular Culture, and (5) Postcolonial Studies. It provides details on the key ideas and scholars associated with each type of cultural studies.
Post Colonial Literature: Can the sub-altern speak? Santhiya Ramadas
This document discusses key concepts in postcolonial feminism. It begins by defining postcolonial feminism as a subset of feminism that seeks to study the effects of colonialism on non-Western women. It then examines Western views of non-Western women and criticisms of those views from a postcolonial feminist perspective. Specifically, it analyzes the politics of the veil and Western notions of "saving" women. The document also briefly discusses hybridity, Frantz Fanon's work, and critiques of postcolonial feminism.
Intersectionality refers to how different aspects of identity such as gender, race, class, ability, and other factors intersect and overlap to create complex systems of discrimination or disadvantage. The document discusses intersectionality through the lens of Kimberlé Crenshaw's work defining it as the interconnected nature of social categories that create overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage. It also provides examples of how intersectionality shapes the experiences of black women and impacts their marginalization within feminist and anti-racist movements.
This document provides a survey of feminism of color through analyzing works by feminist authors of color. It discusses how feminism of color critiques mainstream feminism for failing to acknowledge the intersection of race and gender oppression. It summarizes works by Angela Davis, bell hooks, Gloria Anzaldúa, and others that brought attention to the emergence of Black feminism, Chicana/Hispana feminism, Asian feminism, and other third world feminisms. The document also analyzes novels like The Color Purple and The Woman Warrior to show how authors of color developed distinctive feminist voices and reworked cultural traditions to express feminist perspectives. Overall, the document examines how feminism of color centered the experiences of women
BOOK Social Theory Re-Wired edited by Weley Longhofer and DanielVannaSchrader3
BOOK: Social Theory Re-Wired edited by Weley Longhofer and Daniel Winchester (2nd edition)
Classical Connections: W.E.B. Du Bois and Simone de Beauvoir
The term “paradigm shift” was coined by Thomas Kuhn to capture the moment when mysteries that cannot be explained by one scientific worldview lead to the revolutionary creation of a new one. It is a bit misleading to say that the theorists in this section shifted the paradigm of social theory, though, because each of them questioned whether a paradigm should exist in the first place. In fact, each of these theorists found themselves stuck between a paradigm consisting of concepts, theories, and taken-for-granted abstractions, and a lived experience that did not fit within that paradigm, a lived experience shaped by oppression, subjugation, and exclusion.
This feeling of being stuck in the middle is vividly expressed in the work of W.E.B. Du Bois, a profound social theorist and public intellectual who has only recently received recognition on the level of the other classical theorists in this volume. In The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois draws from history, sociology, literature, and black spirituals to capture what it was like to live as a black person in early twentieth-century America. Perhaps what is most striking in his writing is how he brings himself front and center, turning his own experience into a microcosm of a bigger social process. In this way, Du Bois artfully conveys how the social structures of racism interact with its intersubjective and psychological dimensions.
Like Weber, Du Bois was struck by the paradoxical conundrums of modernity, particularly the persistence of segregation in American society despite the freeing of slaves decades earlier. According to Du Bois, segregation persisted into the twentieth century not just through institutions like housing, education, or labor, but also through cultural legacy—that is, the stereotypes and assumptions about skin color that seeped deep into the public imagination and shaped the everyday lives of people of color. Put simply, segregation was an objective, structural condition of American society as well as an experiential, subjective one.
Du Bois makes this connection between larger social forces and individual lived experiences through his metaphor of the veil. In his book The New Politics of Race, Howard Winant describes how this metaphor is meant to capture both the conflict of racism at the societal level (i.e. the color line) and knowledge of “the other” held at the interpersonal level. Through the veil, what Du Bois called “double-consciousness,” emerges the psychological and social experience of seeing the world through the lens of both a black person and an American—two disconnected lenses that hinder a more unified sense of self.
Du Bois’ concept of double-consciousness is similar to Simmel’s concept of “the stranger,” which is discussed in the next section of this book. You can learn more about both theorists an ...
1. The document discusses key concepts from Marxism, post-colonialism, feminism, and post-feminism as they relate to analyzing media and culture.
2. It addresses Marxist views of how the dominant ideology and institutions like the media subtly control society. Post-colonial theory examines the effects of colonialism on cultures.
3. Feminism challenges patriarchal power structures, while post-feminism believes women have gained equality but still face issues like the "triple burden" of domestic and professional responsibilities. Post-feminist analysis looks at how gender and sexuality are portrayed.
4. The document prompts applying these theoretical lenses to analyze representations in media like films
Similar to Breakthrough Books: Race and Racism from Contexts 2012 (20)
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Method...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Qualitative methods are not intrinsically progressive. Methods are simply tools to conduct research. Epistemology, the justification of knowledge, shapes methodology and methods, and thus is a vital starting point for a critical health equity research stance, regardless of whether the methods are qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. In line with this premise, I address four themes in this commentary. First, I criticize the ubiquitous and uncritical use of the term health disparities in U.S. public health. Next, I advocate for the increased use of qualitative methodologies—namely, photovoice and critical ethnography— that, pursuant to critical approaches, prioritize dismantling social–structural inequities as a prerequisite to health equity. Thereafter, I discuss epistemological stance and its influence on all aspects of the research process. Finally, I highlight my critical discourse analysis HIV prevention research based on individual interviews and focus groups with Black men, as an example of a critical health equity research approach.
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organ...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organizers to Build People Power for Health Equity” by Jim Bloyd, MPH, Regional Health Officer, Cook County Department of Public Health (IL) jbloyd@cookcountyhhs.org Presented as part of “Covid-19 and Health Equity: A Policy Platform and Voices from Health Departments” by Human Impact Partners, co-sponsored by APHA, ASTHO, Big Cities Health Coalition, HealthBegins, and NACCHO. (Links current as of June 12, 2020 prepared by Jim)
Senators call for investigation into Pulaski County jail amid COVID-19 outbreakJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
News article published May 30, 2020 "The senators’ letter follows the efforts of several health-justice advocates to implore the Illinois Department of Public Health to take a more active role in managing the outbreak in Pulaski County. Those individuals, which include representatives from the Collaborative for Health Equity Cook County and the Health & Medicine Policy Research Group, Chicago-based health justice organizations, DePaul University and the University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, are circulating a petition that demands IDPH make site visits to ICE detention sites across Illinois, and specifically the facility in Pulaski County, to ensure compliance with care plans and infectious disease control."
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Legal Intervention Injuries and Mortality ...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
There has been a public outcry for the accountability of law enforcement agents who kill and injure citizens. Epidemiological surveillance can underscore the magnitude of morbidity and mortality of citizens at the hands of law enforcement. We used hospital outpatient and inpatient databases to conduct a retrospective analysis of legal interventions in Illinois between 2010 and 2015. We calculated injury and mortality rates based on demographics, spatial distribution, and cause of injury. During the study period, 8,384 patients were treated for injuries caused during contact with law enforcement personnel. Most were male, the mean age was 32.7, and those injured were disproportionately black. Nearly all patients were treated as outpatients, and those who were admitted to the hospital had a mean of length of stay of 6 days. Most patients were discharged home or to an acute or long-term care facility (83.7%). It is unclear if those discharged home or to a different medical facility were arrested, accidentally injured, injured when no crime was committed, or injured when a crime was committed. Surveillance of law enforcement-related injuries and deaths should be implemented, and injuries caused during legal interventions should be recognized as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice issue.
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates in the United States, 1959-2017Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Importance: US life expectancy has not kept pace with that of other wealthy countries and is now decreasing.
Objective: To examine vital statistics and review the history of changes in US life expectancy and increasing mortality rates; and to identify potential contributing factors, drawing insights from current literature and an analysis of state-level trends.
Evidence: Life expectancy data for 1959-2016 and cause-specific mortality rates for 1999-2017 were obtained from the US Mortality Database and CDC WONDER, respectively. The analysis focused on midlife deaths (ages 25-64 years), stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography (including the 50 states). Published research from January 1990 through August 2019 that examined relevant mortality trends and potential contributory factors was examined.
Findings: Between 1959 and 2016, US life expectancy increased from 69.9 years to 78.9 years but declined for 3 consecutive years after 2014. The recent decrease in US life expectancy culminated a period of increasing cause-specific mortality among adults aged 25 to 64 years that began in the 1990s, ultimately producing an increase in all-cause mortality that began in 2010. During 2010-2017, midlife all-cause mortality rates increased from 328.5 deaths/100 000 to 348.2 deaths/100 000. By 2014, midlife mortality was increasing across all racial groups, caused by drug overdoses, alcohol abuse, suicides, and a diverse list of organ system diseases. The largest relative increases in midlife mortality rates occurred in New England (New Hampshire, 23.3%; Maine, 20.7%; Vermont, 19.9%) and the Ohio Valley (West Virginia, 23.0%; Ohio, 21.6%; Indiana, 14.8%; Kentucky, 14.7%). The increase in midlife mortality during 2010-2017 was associated with an estimated 33 307 excess US deaths, 32.8% of which occurred in 4 Ohio Valley states.
Conclusions and Relevance: US life expectancy increased for most of the past 60 years, but the rate of increase slowed over time and life expectancy decreased after 2014. A major contributor has been an increase in mortality from specific causes (eg, drug overdoses, suicides, organ system diseases) among young and middle-aged adults of all racial groups, with an onset as early as the 1990s and with the largest relative increases occurring in the Ohio Valley and New England. The implications for public health and the economy are substantial, making it vital to understand the underlying causes.
Revisiting the Corporate and Commercial Determinants of HealthJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
We trace the development of the concept of the corporate determinants of health. We argue that these determinants are predicated on the un- checked power of corporations and that the means by which corporations exert power is increasingly unseen.
We identify four of the ways corporations influence health: defining the dominant narra- tive; setting the rules by which society, especially trade, oper- ates; commodifying knowledge; and undermining political, so- cial, and economic rights.
We identify how public health professionals can respond to these manifestations of power. (Am J Public Health. 2018;108: 1167–1170. doi:10.2105/AJPH. 2018.304510)
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."
Cook County Department of Public Health staff who are presenters, moderators, and secondary authors at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association are pictured. Their presentations are listed by Session number. The meeting attracts over 12,000 participants and is health in Philadelphia, PA from November 2nd to November 6th, 2019. #APHA2019 @PublicHealth @APHAAnnualMtg
This transcript is useful for a small group exercise when participants are listening to Dr. Linda Rae Murry discuss her critique of the Ten Essential Services as a frame popular in the USA for describing what public health is and should do. It was used along with a worksheet to successfully generate small group discussion on September 12, 2019. Available at RootsofHealthInequity.org
Exercise Linda Murray Voices of Public Health questions worksheet Used Septem...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This was one of two 20-minute exercises used by Jim Bloyd and Rachel Rubin with a 30-minute slide presentation. The exercises generated discussion among groups of 2-3 people. The group also listened to the audio of Dr. Murray's 6-minute statement, and followed along reading a transcript of the statement. Both the audio and the transcript are available at RootsofHealthInequity.org of NACCHO.
Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues: Designing Staff Development to Strengthen...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presentation and 3 20-minute exercises prepared for the annual conference of the Illinois Public Health Association, September 12, 2019 in Springfield, Illinois, USA. Abstract: The Cook County Department of Public Health (CCDPH) used the National Association of County and City Health Officials' online course for the public health workforce Roots of Health Inequity, to accomplish three goals: change the way staff think about public health; change the way staff practice public health; and apply health equity principles to the daily work. Chief Operating Officer Terry Mason, MD, required all staff to participate in the training.
Increasing the integration of a health equity approach by first training staff on health equity and how it is relevant to their work was a priority of the agency strategic plan, as well as a QI and Workforce Development priority for CCDPH.
Components of the CCDPH Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues include the creation of 1small groups for in-person discussion; a leadership committee; training staff as facilitators; evaluation; a commitment to dialogue. The small group-approach accomplished two things: dialogue and discussion were maximized, while disruption of regular duties and health department functions was minimized.
Reliance on staff to facilitate dialogues strengthened leadership for health equity within the health department, and eliminated the need for external facilitation. In addition, the “insider” knowledge of the Facilitators—most of whom have years of experience working at CCDPH---ensured that dialogue leaders understood the institutional culture, and increased the likelihood that the dialogues will be able to examine real barriers as well as opportunities to practice transformation.
Selected References for Further Reading on Equity and HealthJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
The document outlines the steering committee and references for the Collaborative for Health Equity Cook County, which works to eliminate structural racism so that all people in Cook County have opportunities to live healthy lives. It lists the members of the steering committee and their affiliations. It also provides a selected list of references including books, articles, and online resources on equity and health that cover topics like structural racism, the social determinants of health, and public health actions to support immigrant rights.
Chicago Panels Details COOKED documentary Film July 12-25, 2019Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This is a list of the panels and panelists for the July 12-25 2019 screenings of COOKED in Chicago, Illinois at the Gene Siskel Film Center, 164 N. State St., Chicago, Illinois. USA
Wage theft is a threat to community health and well-being. Wage theft is a pu...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Wage theft, which includes nonpayment of overtime, minimum wage violations, and other labor law violations, is common among low-wage workers. Up to 30% of all workers experience some form of wage theft. Low-wage immigrant workers are especially vulnerable. Studies show wage theft is linked to increased risk of health issues like high blood pressure, diabetes, and reduced life expectancy. By reducing income and increasing work hours, wage theft threatens both individual and community health and well-being.
New approaches for moving upstream how state and local health departments can...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Growing evidence shows that unequal distribution of wealth and power across race, class, and gender produces the differences in living conditions that are “upstream” drivers of health inequalities. Health educators and other public health professionals, however, still develop interventions that focus mainly on “downstream” behavioral risks. Three factors explain the difficulty in translating this knowledge into practice. First, in their allegiance to the status quo, powerful elites often resist upstream policies and programs that redistribute wealth and power. Second, public health practice is often grounded in dominant biomedical and behavioral paradigms, and health departments also face legal and political limits on expanding their scope of activities. Finally, the evidence for the impact of upstream interventions is limited, in part because methodologies for evaluating upstream interventions are less developed. To illustrate strategies to overcome these obstacles, we profile recent campaigns in the United States to enact living wages, prevent mortgage foreclosures, and reduce exposure to air pollution. We then examine how health educators working in state and local health departments can transform their practice to contribute to campaigns that reallocate the wealth and power that shape the living conditions that determine health and health inequalities. We also consider health educators’ role in producing the evidence that can guide transformative expansion of upstream interventions to reduce health inequalities.
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael MarmotJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Can health equity survive epidemiology? Standards of proof and social determi...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Objective. This article examines how epidemiological evidence is and should be used in the context of increasing concern for health equity and for social determinants of health.
Method. A research literature on use of scientific evidence of “environmental risks” is outlined, and key issues compared with those that arise with respect to social determinants of health.
Results. The issue sets are very similar. Both involve the choice of a standard of proof, and the corollary need to make value judgments about how to address uncertainty in the context of “the inevitability of being wrong,” at least some of the time, and to consider evidence from multiple kinds of research design. The nature of such value judgments and the need for methodological pluralism are incompletely understood.
Conclusion. Responsible policy analysis and interpretation of scientific evidence require explicit consideration of the ethical issues involved in choosing a standard of proof. Because of the stakes involved, such choices often become contested political terrain. Comparative research on how those choices are made will be valuable.
The importance of public policy as a determinant of health is routinely acknowledged, but there remains a continuing absence of mainstream debate about the ways in which the politics, power and ideology, which underpin public policy influence people's health. This paper explores the possible reasons behind the absence of a politics of health and demonstrates how explicit acknowledgement of the political nature of health will lead to more effective health promotion strategy and policy, and to more realistic and evidence-based public health and health promotion practice
REDSACOL ALAMES ante la intromision imperial [REDSACOL ALAMES facing imperial...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Statement from the Red de Salud Colectiva of the Asociacion Latinoamericana de Medicina Social y Salud Colective (Latin American Association of Social Medicine and Collective Health) distributed February 1, 2019 on the ALAMES list serve by Oscar Feo Isturiz, physician, specialist in public health and occupational health, and retired professor at the University of Carabobo, Venezuela. He advises the Ministries of Health of El Salvador and Bolivia. He is on the Consultative Committee of ALAMES.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae