The study aimed to develop and evaluate a dental gel containing clove oil for treating periodontitis. Clove oil was characterized and a gel was formulated using carbopol 934 as the gelling agent, clove oil as the active ingredient, and other excipients. The gel was evaluated for various properties including antimicrobial activity, pH, spreadability, drug content, and extrudability. Preliminary results showed formulation F3 had suitable properties for treating periodontitis, with a zone of inhibition of 22.05±0.04 mm against test microbes. The authors concluded F3 showed good physicochemical properties and drug content compared to other formulations.
Herbal cosmetics, Classification, Economic aspects and Industries involved in...NikitaSavita
Herbal cosmetics are the preparations which are prepared by using plant products having cosmetic action.
Its advantages and Classification
Economic aspects of herbal cosmetics
Import and Export of herbal cosmetics
It is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and
pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceuticals and develop ICH guidelines.
Process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments
Hello guys,
Welcome to my profile.
Practice School Report
Yh practice school report B.Pharm ke 7th semester me bnayi jati hi, jo bhi aap school training me sikhte ho wahi sb is report me mention krna hota hai.
#bpharmacy
#careerinpharmacy
#bpharmanotes
#bpharmacynotes
#careerinpharmacyfield
#bpharmacy
#bpharm
#careerinpharma
#bpharmacylectures
#handwrittennotes
#pharmalectures
#akkuvibes
Herbal cosmetics, Classification, Economic aspects and Industries involved in...NikitaSavita
Herbal cosmetics are the preparations which are prepared by using plant products having cosmetic action.
Its advantages and Classification
Economic aspects of herbal cosmetics
Import and Export of herbal cosmetics
It is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and
pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceuticals and develop ICH guidelines.
Process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments
Hello guys,
Welcome to my profile.
Practice School Report
Yh practice school report B.Pharm ke 7th semester me bnayi jati hi, jo bhi aap school training me sikhte ho wahi sb is report me mention krna hota hai.
#bpharmacy
#careerinpharmacy
#bpharmanotes
#bpharmacynotes
#careerinpharmacyfield
#bpharmacy
#bpharm
#careerinpharma
#bpharmacylectures
#handwrittennotes
#pharmalectures
#akkuvibes
Function of community pharmacy, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, Legal requirement for establishment, Maintenance of records
Ayurveda is a very well documented System of Health Care Practiced in Indian Sub-Continent.
Ayurvedic medicines are medicines intended for internal or external use, for or in the diagnosis ,treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals.
Ayurvedic Drugs are obtained from the natural source that is from animal, plants and minerals.
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors, such as biotech and pharmaceutical companies, formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing
The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of drug registration. Since its inception in 1990, ICH has gradually evolved, to respond to the increasingly global face of drug development. ICH’s mission is to achieve greater harmonisation worldwide to ensure that safe, effective, and high quality medicines are developed and registered in the most resource-efficient manner. On 23 October 2015, ICH announced organisational changes as it marks 25 years of successful harmonisation.
This presentation is about the basic responsibilities and functions of CDSCO explaining the regulatory body's constitution, comprising of functions of state licensing authority and port offices covering the guidelines for new drug approval process, clinical trails and medical devices. this presentation also give a basic note on SUGAM
Function of community pharmacy, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, Legal requirement for establishment, Maintenance of records
Ayurveda is a very well documented System of Health Care Practiced in Indian Sub-Continent.
Ayurvedic medicines are medicines intended for internal or external use, for or in the diagnosis ,treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals.
Ayurvedic Drugs are obtained from the natural source that is from animal, plants and minerals.
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors, such as biotech and pharmaceutical companies, formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing
The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of drug registration. Since its inception in 1990, ICH has gradually evolved, to respond to the increasingly global face of drug development. ICH’s mission is to achieve greater harmonisation worldwide to ensure that safe, effective, and high quality medicines are developed and registered in the most resource-efficient manner. On 23 October 2015, ICH announced organisational changes as it marks 25 years of successful harmonisation.
This presentation is about the basic responsibilities and functions of CDSCO explaining the regulatory body's constitution, comprising of functions of state licensing authority and port offices covering the guidelines for new drug approval process, clinical trails and medical devices. this presentation also give a basic note on SUGAM
Antiplaque efficacy of propolis based herbal toothpaste-a crossover clinical ...Bee Healthy Farms
This Dental School crossover clinical study found propolis toothpaste to be safe and effective in reducing plaque accumulation when compared to Miswak and Colgate total toothpaste.
Propolis in the field of dentistry is tough. It responds very well when in contact with mucous linings of the body. This super antioxidant also delivers antimicrobial, antifungal and antiseptic properties which make it very adaptable to numerous conditions found out of balance.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinateijtsrd
The aim of the present work is Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate. Metoprolol Succinate is a BCS class I drug used in the treatment of Angina pectoric, Heart attack, Hypertension and has short half life 3 7hours. In the present study it was planned to prepare sustained release floating tablets of Metoprolol succinate by using HPMC E5 and Gum Karaya excipients. The procured sample of drug was authenticated by pre formulation study like melting point, IR spectra, UV analysis were done. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Prior to compression, the powder blend were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausners ratio. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Formulations were evaluated for various evaluation parameters like hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, floating lag time, floating time, swelling index and in vitro drug release. From the results of evaluation parameters it was observed that formulation F6 shows best results for floating lag time 4min floating time up to 12 hours and consistent drug release 96.15 as compared to other formulations. So formulation F6 was finalized as a optimized formulation for further study. On the basic of above finding it was concluded that sustained release floating drug delivery system was successfully achieved. Neeta. V. Jadhav | Prof. Mr. Prashant Khade | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50409.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50409/formulation-and-evaluation-of-floating-tablet-of-metoprolol-succinate/neeta-v-jadhav
Design of Experiments (DoE) manipulation in the formulation and optimization ...RAHUL PAL
Introduction: In India, the regulatory body for catechu is the Food Safety and Standards Authority of
India (FSSAI). The FSSAI is responsible for regulating the manufacture, sale, and distribution of food in
India, including catechu. The FSSAI has set standards for the purity and quality of catechu, and it also
monitors the market for adulterated catechu. The FDA (The Food and Drug Administration) is
responsible for regulating the safety and efficacy of drugs and dietary supplements in the United States
(US). The FDA has not approved catechu as a drug or dietary supplement, but it does regulate catechu as
a food additive. The FDA has set limits on the amount of catechu that can be added to food
Objective: The primary objective of this research was to involvement of design of experiments (DoE)
manipulation in the formulation and optimization of a traditional Ayurvedic medicine derived from dried
extract of Senegalia catechu enhanced through statistical analysis.
Methodology: The dried extract of Senegalia catechu was collected and identified at the botanical
herbarium garden. Subsequently, it underwent a drying process and was ground into a powder.
CONFERENCE REPORT - 3rd International Conference on Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha a...Kamal Perera
CONFERENCE REPORT - 3rd International Conference on Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Traditional Medicine (ICAUST - 2015 & AYU EXPO) held on 10th -12th December 2015
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.14
ABSTRACT- Cancer is defined as the uncontrollable growth of cells that invade and cause damage to surrounding
tissue. Oral cancer appears as a growth or sore in the mouth that does not go away. Nowadays medicinal plants widely
used for the treatment of cancer. In our present study we examined the anti- cancer activity of Piper betel leaf extract
(aqueous extract) using KB-cell lines obtained from National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune. The cytotoxic assay
was studied by MTT assay method. The LD-50 value was found as 81.157μl/ml extracts necessary for the 50% of cell
death. These observations point out that Piper betel extract have considerable activity alongside oral cancer cell lines. Key-words- Oral cancer, Cell line, MTT assay, Piper betel
Indian Nutritional Medical Association (INMA) began in 2004 by Dr.A. Sreekumar MBBS,DLO,Senior ENT Surgeon and Nutritional Medicine expert, FACNEM,FINEM
www.4innmc.com
To perform to my best ability in the field of pharmaceutical education and research in all personal and professional activities and get involved in the growth of the organization in a very responsible and honest way.
Formulation and Evaluation of Tooth Gel from Aloe vera leaves extractroshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate tooth gel utilizing leaf extract of Aloe vera. In multiple clinical studies, Aloe vera has used in dentistry for wound-healing effect, gingivitis, plaque control and curing oral mucosal lesions. Aloe vera is natural, ancient ingredient. The formulated Aloe vera tooth gel evaluated by physical examination: Colour-yellowish brown, Appearance-Homogeneous, smooth nature, Transparency-translucent and Relative density-10.5, No microbial growth in sample plate, pH7.5, Viscosity-310000cp, Extrudability amount percent-91.33, Spreadability-6.5cm/sec and obsereved good stability. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated aloe vera tooth gel exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.5 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. The outcome from this research evidently signified that the natural plant Aloe vera using to formulate tooth gel may be a new approach to formulate tooth gel economically and minimum side effect than synthetic formulation and good scope in future about dental research in natural remedies.
ABSTRACT
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition which has an adverse effect on quality of life. The presence
of urgency incontinence confers significant morbidity above and beyond that of OAB sufferers who are
continent. The primary treatment for OAB and urgency incontinence is a combination of behavioral measures
and antimuscarinic drug therapy. The ideal antimuscarinic agent should effectively relieve the symptoms of
OAB, with the minimum of side effects; it should be available as a once-daily sustained release formulation
and in dosage strength that allows easy dose titration for the majority of sufferers. Solifenacin succinate was
launched in 2005 and has been shown in both short and long term clinical trials to fulfill these requirements.
Solifenacin is a competitive M3 receptor antagonist with a long half-life (45-68 hours). It is available in two
dosage strengths namely a 5 or 10 mg once-daily tablet. The efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin for the
treatment of all symptoms of OAB has been evaluated in a number of large, placebo controlled, randomized
trials. Long-term safety, efficacy, tolerability and persistence with treatment have been established in an open
label 40 week continuation study.
KEYWORDS
Solifenacin, Urinary incontinence, Overactive bladder and Wet granulation method.
Antipyretic, Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory activity of Kabasura kudinee...GOPALASATHEESKUMAR K
This study is designed to evaluate the anti-inflammaatory, antipyretic aqueous extract of Kabasurakudineerchoornam (AEKKC). The estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride colorimetric potential was determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging any signs of toxicity upto 2000 mg/kg in rats. The anti-inflammatory evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and histamine induced of AEKKC at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant reduction in both carrageenan and histamine induced inflammation. The and 400 mg/kg) was studied by brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia mg/kg) was used as standard. The extract showed significant evoked elevated body temperature. AEKKC also exhibited antibacterial inhibition via disc diffusion method. The results of the study prove inflammatory, antipyretic and antimicrobial activity.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
1. “FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL GEL CONTAINING CLOVE OIL FOR THE TREATMENT OF
PERIODONTAL DISEASES”
A Dissertation submitted to the
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTHAPUR
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
Submitted by
SK. SANA BANU (12P21R0050)
K.CHANDANA (12P21R0014)
Y.CHARAN KUMAR (12P21R0015)
P.SATHEESH (12P21R0052)
P.SUBRAMANYAM (12P21R0062)
G.MANIKANTA (12P21R0035)
Under the Guidance of
V.VIJAY KUMAR M.Pharm., (Ph.D)
Associate Professor,
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS.
RAO’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Chemudugunta (P.O.), Venkatachalam (M), Nellore, Andhra Pradesh.
2012 – 2016.
2. ABSTRACT :
Aim The study was aimed to develop and evaluate dental gel containing clove oil as the chief
constituent for the treatment of periodontitis.
Methods It has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against a number of periodontal pathogens,
hence it is selected for the treatment of periodontitis. Clove oil gel is formulated by using carbopol 934
as gelling agent, clove oil as medicinal agent, polyethylene glycol co-solvent, methyl paraben and
propyl paraben as preservative and required quantity of distilled water as vehicle.
Results The clove oil was evaluated for physical parameters like acid value, ester value, specific gravity
and refractive index and it shown satisfactory results. The prepared gel was evaluated for various
properties such as antimicrobial activity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content etc. In-Vitro
experiments demonstrated that the formulation F3 is a suitable dosage form for the treatment of
periodontitis. Clove oil showed the zone of inhibition of about 22.05±0.04 mm.
Conclusion On the basis of the result obtained in this present study we conclude that the gel
formulations of clove oil F3 showed good physicochemical properties as well as good drug content
compared to other formulations.
Key words Clove oil, Carbopol 934, Periodontitis, Anti microbial activity.
Ref: Vijaya Kumar Voleti*, Sana Banu Shaik, Chandana Konduru, Sathish Peyam, Charan Kumar
Yaramsetti, Subramanyam Pasala, Shanmuga Pandiyan Pitchaimuthu. Formulation and development of
dental gel containing clove oil for the treatment of human periodontal diseases. JCP. 2016;3(1): 1-7
3. 2nd Indo-Korean Conference,
Sullurpet, 30 th MARCH 2016
Theme: Herbals And Pharmaceuticals: Pivotal Issues & Concerns
Venue: Gokula Krishna College of Pharmacy
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Approved by AICTE & PCI-New Delhi)
SPSR Nellore, A.P., India – 524121
Acceptance of Poster/Oral Presentation
21/03/2016
Dear Delegate
We are pleased to inform you that your paper entitled “Formulation And Devfelopment Of Dental Gel Containing Clove Oil For The
Treatment Of Human Periodontal Diseases ” has been accepted for presentation as “ Poster No:PPCE239” in Poster Session at the
2ndIndo – Korean conference-HPPIC2K16.
As a presenter, you must be a registered delegate for the HPPIC2K16. However only the abstract of those presenters, who are registered by
25 March 2016, will be published in the final abstract book. Selected papers of the seminar might be published in “JOURNAL OF
COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACY”. Those authors, who wish to publish their manuscript in the journal, should submit their full length
papers on or before 25.03.2016.The full length manuscript should be in accordance with the instructions of Journal Of Comprehensive
pharmacy”.
You should have your registration badge at the poster venue in order to present the poster/oral.
For any Queries Contact:
Kindly bring a copy of this letter and photo ID (College ID) for identification at the poster /oral presentation and also have to submit this
letter to the registration committee during conference.
The area provided for poster presentation will be about 1 meter (100cm), width by 1 meter height.
We look forward to meet you at 2ndIndo – Korean conference, Sullurpet.
Kind regards
Chairman, Registration Committee-IKC
Sullurpet, SPSR Nellore.
Dr .Pavan kumar Balagani
Principal, Convenor, HPPIC2K16,
Gokula Krishna college of pharmacy, sullurpet, SPSR Nellore, AP
Email:nchp2k16@gmail.com
Mrs.M.Soujanya For registration: 9494795974
Mr. Deepak kumar For general information: 9652275737
Mr.SK Afsar For scientific session: 98855398761
4. Introduction
Herbal gels:
• Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatments for numerous
human diseases for thousands of years and in many parts of the world.
In rural areas of the developing countries, they continue to be used as the
primary source of medicine. About 80% of the people in developing
countries use traditional medicines for their health care [1]
Benefits of herbal drugs:
• Herbal drugs have long era of use and better patient tolerance as well as
public acceptance.
• Herbal drugs acts as a renewable source, which is our only hope for
sustainable supplies of cheaper medicines for the worlds growing
population.
• The cultivation and processing of medicinal herbs and herbal products is
environment-friendly.
• Throughout the world, herbal medicine has provided many of the most
useful and vast variety of drugs to the modern medical science[2].
5. Pharmaceutical Gels
• Defintion:
Gels are semisolid organic or inorganic colloids rich in liquid,
consisting of hydrated threads or granules of the dispersed phase
intimately associated with the dispersion medium
• Some gelling agents (carbomers) require a "neutralizer" or a pH
adjusting chemical to create the gel after the gelling agent has been
wetted in the dispersing medium[3].
• Gelling agents are used concentrations of 0.5% to 10%, depending
on the agent.
• It is easier to add the active drug before the gel is formed if the
drug doesn't interfere with the gel formation[4].
• Only Carbopol® 934P, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are
recommended for oral administration.
6. Periodontal diseases
• Periodontal disease is one of the most important concerns for dentists and
patients[5]. It is recognized as a major public health problem throughout the
world and is the most common cause of tooth loss in
• The periodontium is the specialized tissues that both surround and support
the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. A
variety of triggering factors like bacterial causes, dyscrasias, avitaminosis
etc cause inflamed gums leading to gingivitis.
• In the United States 50% of adults have gingivitis affecting at least 3-4
teeth; two-thirds of the population has sub gingival calculus, and about a
one-third have periodontitis [6] . Periodontal treatment aims to cure inflamed
tissue, reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria and eliminate the diseased
pockets.
• Mechanical therapy, chemotherapy and systemic administration of
antibiotics are some of the clinical methods being utilized currently[7]
7. S.NO. Author Names Abstract References
1. Reenu Yadav Formulation and characterization of antimicrobial oral gel
from some herbal extracts for treatment of periodontal
diseases.
IJPPR. 2016, 5(2)
2. R.Bhramaramba Formulation and Evaluation of herbal gel containing
Terminalia chebula Retz., leaves extract.
(SAJP). 2015, 4(3): 172-176.
3. Biresh Sarkar Formulation and Evaluation of herbal gel containing
extract of Cedrus deodara.
(IJPCS). 2015,4(1)
4. Singh Rampal Formulation, optimizatioon and evaluation of aceclofenac
transdermal gel
(JPSI). 2015,4(5)
5. T. Muthu Lakshmi Formulation and evaluation of herbal gel containing
dalbergia sissoo roxb. bark extract.
(JPRCP).4(1):53-57
6. Dr Rohit Jain Herbs in periodontology – local drug delivery (WJPR).2014,3(2):1831-1840
7. Varsha B. Bagade Study of antimicrobial activity of herbal formulation (IJPLS).2013, 4(11)
8. Deepak p pawar Formulation and evaluation of herbal gel containing
lantana camara leaves extract.
(AJPCR).2013,6(3)
9. CharuM. Marya Investigation of In vitro inhibitory effect of clove essential
oil and its two active principles on tooth decalcification by
applying juice.
(IJD).2012
10. L. Nuñez Investigation of microbicide activity of clove essential oil
(Eugenia caryophyllata) .
(BJM).2012,43(4)
11. Ganesh Misal Formulation and evaluation of Poly herbal gel. (IJNPR).2012,3(4)
12. Manisha singh Formulation and evaluation Herbal Gel Containing
Ethanolic Extract of Ipomoea Fistulosa.
(IJSR). 2012, 3(7)
13. Ilhami Gu¨ lc¸ Investigation of antioxidant activity of clove oil – A
powerful antioxidant source.
(AJP). 2012, 5: 489-499
14. Euge´ nia Pinto Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygium
aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte
species.
(JMM). 2009, 1454-1462
Literature Review
8. The study was aimed to develop and
evaluate dental gel containing clove oil
as the chief constituent for the
treatment of periodontitis.
The objectives of the research
work under taken are as follows:
1. To perform clove oil
characterization.
2. To formulate dental gel of
clove oil using gelling agents
and other ingredients.
9. Plant Profile
Synonym:
• Caryophyllum; clove flower; clove bud;
launge
Biological source:
• Cloves consists of dried flower buds of
Eugenia caryophyllus (Myrtaceae). It should
contain not less than 15% (v/v) of clove oil[8].
Chemical constituents:
• 15-20% of volatile oil; 10-13% of tannin
(gallotannic acid), chromone and eugenin [9].
• The volatile oil contains eugenol (about 70 to
90%), eugenol acetate, methylamylketone,
caryophyllenes and small quantities of ester
and alcohols [10].
Uses:
• Dental analgesic, carminative,
• Stimulant, flavouring agent, an aromatic and
antiseptic
10. Taxonomical classification of clove plant (Syzygium
aromaticum)
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom Plantae - plantes, planta, vegetal, plants
Subkingdom Viridiplantae
Infrakingdom Streptophyta – land plants
Superdivision Embryophyta
Division Tracheophyta – vascular plants, tracheophytes
Subdivision Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants,
phanerogames
Class Magnoliopsida
Superorder Rosanae
Order Myrtales
Family Myrtaceae – myrtles, myrtacees
Genus Syzigium P.Br.ex Gaertn
Species Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr. & L.M.Perry – clove
12. S.NO MATERIALS SUPPLIERS FUNCTION
1. Clove oil S.D.Fine chemicals Pvt. Ltd,
Mumbai
Active pharmaceutical
ingredients
2. Carbopol934 Roquette, Mumbai Gelling agent
3. Polyethylene glycol Isp Chemical Inc, Hyderabad Cosolvent
4. Glycerin Bayer Chemicals, Pune,
Maharashtra
Drug solubiliser
5. Methyl paraben Merck Index chemicals,
Hyderabad
Preservative
6. Propyl paraben Merck Index chemicals,
Hyderabad
Preservative
7. Aspartame Nutrasweet, Vadodara, Gujarat Sweetening agent
8. Distilled water Bayer Chemicals, Pune,
Maharashtra
Vehicle
Materials and Methods
13. Physico chemical characteristics of
Clove oil
Acid value
Acid value = potassium hydroxide consumed × 5.611 5.611
Weight (g) of the sample
Saponification value:
• Saponification value = mg of KOH consumed by 1 g clove oil
• Weight of KOH = Normality of KOH × Equivalent weight× volume of KOH in litres
• Volume of KOH consumed by 1 g of oil = [blank- test]
Ester value
• Ester value = Saponification value – Acid value
Solubility:
• Clove oil is freely soluble in ethanol
Colour:
• The colour of the formulation was checked out against a white background.
Odour:
• The odour of the gels was checked by mixing the gel in water and taking the smell.
14. Formulation of clove oil gel
Soaking • Soak carbopol 934 in water
Neutralizat
ion
• Neutralize with triethanolamine to pH
6.4
Addition of
preservative
• Addition of methyl and propyl paraben
Additon of
co solvent
and API
• Addition of propylene glycol and clove oil
in another test tube
Addition of
sweetner
• Finally aspartame is added
Stirring
• Stirring is done until a homogenous
product is formed
17. Evaluation of gel formulation
Appearance :
• All the formulations of clove oil gel were pale yellow in colour.
Consistency:
• The consistency was checked by applying on skin.
Greasiness:
• The greasiness was assisted by the application on to the skin.
Determination of pH:
• The pH of gel was determined using digital pH meter by dipping the glass electrode completely into the gel
system [11].
Determination of viscosity:
• Viscosities of the formulated gels was determined using Brooke field viscometer, spindle no. 7 and spindle
speed 60 rpm at 25◦C was used for gels, the corresponding dial reading on the viscometer was noted[12].
Determination of spreadability:
• Spreadability was determined using following formula,
S=M.L/T
• Where S is the spreadability in grams.cm/sec, M is the mass in grams, T is the time in seconds.
Determination of extrudability:
• It was determined by sing a tube filled with the gel, having a tip of 5mm opening and by measuring the
amount of gel that extruded through the tip when a pressure was applied on the tube was noted down [13].
18. Determination of antimicrobial activity:
Agar cup plate method was used for screening of antimicrobial activity of
clove oil gel. Different concentrations of clove oil gel were placed
aseptically in cups of agar plate which was previously inoculated with
culture[14]. The plates were left at ambient temperature for 30 mins prior
to incubation at 37◦C for 24 hrs. The broad spectrum antibiotic i.e.,
tetracycline was used as positive control for obtaining comparative
results[15]. Plates were observed after 24-48 hrs incubation for the
appearance of the zone of inhibition. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated
by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (millimetres) of
microbial growth.
19. Results
S.NO. PARAMETERS CLOVE OIL
PROCURED
CLOVE OIL
STANDARD
1. Colour Pale yellow Pale yellow
2. Odour Aromatic Aromatic
3. Acid value 3.66 3.84
4. Ester value 37.21 38.22
5. Solubility in ethanol Freely soluble Freely soluble
6. Density 1.02 g/ml 1.05g/ml
7. Refractive index 1.492 1.532
Table : 5 Physicochemical characteristics of clove oil
21. Formulatio
ns
Appearance pH Spreadability
(g-cm/sec)
Extrudabili
ty %
Homogeneity Drug
Content
F1 Pale yellow 6.6 18.20 92.14 Good 95.00
F2 Pale yellow 6.7 18.14 93.15 Good 95.20
F3 Pale yellow 6.7 17.49 94.10 Very good 95.40
F4 Pale yellow 6.6 16.72 90.23 Good 93.62
F5 Pale yellow 6.4 15.59 89.10 Very good 89.80
Table:6 Characteristics of gel formulations
22. 16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
Zone of inhibition
(S.salivarius)
Zone of inhibition
(S.sanguis)
Zone of
inhibition(L.acidophilus)
F3
Fig: 3 Antimicrobial activity on S.salivarius
0
5
10
15
20
25
F1 f2 F3 F4 F5
Zoneofinhibition(mm)
Zone of inhibition(S.salivarius)
Gel formulations
Fig: 4 Zone of inhibition of Streptococcus salivarius
0
5
10
15
20
25
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
zoneofinhibition(mm)
Zone of inhibition (S.sanguis)
Gel formulations
Fig:5 Zone of inhibition of Streptococcus sanguis
0
5
10
15
20
25
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
zoneofinhibition(mm)
Zone of inhibition (L.acidophilus)
Gel formulations
Fig: 6 Zone of inhibition of Lactobacillus
acidophilus
23. Discussions
• The procured clove oil was characterized for the following parameters:
Acid value : 3.66
Ester value : 37.43
Saponification value: 41.09
Density : 1.02gm/ml
Refractive index: 1.492
• The formulations were developed by using clove oil of same concentration and carbopol 934 at
different concentrations.All the formulations were pale yellow in colour and had characteristic
odour of clove oil. The pH of all formulations ranged from 6.4-6.7, which was well within the
normal pH range of buccal cavity 6-7. The spreadability of the gels was found to be in the range
of 15.59-18.20 g-cm/sec, confirming that these gels may spread smoothly and uniformly. The
formulations were glossy and translucent. The homogeneity and tube extrudability of all
formulations was good.
• The drug content of the formulations was ranged from 89.8%-95.40% Table-6.The formulation F3
was found to have maximum drug content.
• The gel formulations of clove oil F3 showed good physicochemical properties as well as good
drug content compared to other formulations.(Table -5,6). Hence, theses formulations were
further selected for anti microbial studies. The results of anti microbial studies showed that gel
formulation of clove oil F3 showed a maximum zone of inhibition on Streptococcus salivarius.
24. Conclusion
• The clove oil was found to have anti microbial activity
against Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis,
Lactobacillus acidophilus. The formulations developed
from clove showed significant results so it can be further
used commercially to develop dental gels after
conducting clinical trials on human beings. Nevertheless
further research is still needed in order to determine if
they efficiently could substitute the synthetic antibiotics
are used in combinations.
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